Acts – Page 48 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 30, 1515
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the City Council of Old-Town Prague
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew may have a lord other than the king […] if he serves another lord, he shall ask for his release [of the bond] or leave the city within four weeks. Jews shall make loans only on pledges, as it has been customary […], in exchange for [debts]; however, for no more than 100 Schock-Meissen [currency]. If someone wants to borrow a larger sum, the Jew may only do so with the explicit permission of the mayor or the [city] council. […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (“Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.) (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher This long writ also contains regulations and prohibitions regarding trade with certain goods and dress codes. The entire writ in Czech can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 9, 1515
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate of Emperor Maximilian permitting Bishop Wilhelm of Strasbourg to expel some of his Jews
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	We order the same Jews to evacuate the above-mentioned towns [Blienßwiler, Mittelberkheim, Nothalden and Zell] between the date of this letter and the twelfth-day day of St. James, the Holy Messenger, (July 25th), and that they [Bishop Wilhelm of Strasbourg] may expel them from there.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p.126-127, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 29, 1516
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree enacted by the Council of Ten (Consejo de i Diexe) of the Republic of Venice
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	The Jews must all live together in the Corte de Case, which is in [the island of] Geto, near San Hironimo; and in order to prevent their roaming at night, let there be built two gates on the side of Geto Vecchio, where there is a little bridge and likewise on the other side of the bridge […], which gates shall be opened in the morning at the sound of the Marangona [the bell of St. Mark’s Cathedral] and shall be closed at midnight by four Christian guards appointed and paid by the Jews at the rate deemed suitable by Our Cabinet.
5. Source	Sanuto, Marino. I diarii di Marino Sanuto (MCCCCXCVI-MDXXXIII) (The “Diaries” of Marino Sanuto (1496-1533)), Vol. 22. Venice, Italy: Fratelli Visentini, 1888. Cols.85ff.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 22, 1516
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege” of Emperor Charles (‘Caroli’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[… the City of Reutlingen does not owe to permit …] Jews and Jewesses who arrive in Reutlingen to settle or to live there.
5. Source	Haupt-Register über das Teutsche Reichs-Archiv auch dessen constinuationes und Spicilegia, in welchem alles darinnen befindliche Materien mit leichter Mühe nachgeschlagen und aufgesuchet Weden können. Vier und Zwanzig Voluminubus. By Johann Christian Lünig. Lejpzig; 1722); (Main register of the archive of the German Empire and its continuation and specification in which all contained materials can be looked up and easily found. Twenty-fourth volume. By Johann Christian Lünig. (Leipzig; 1722);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary/excerpt of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 14, 1516
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decretal by Leo X addressed to the governor of Reggio
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	...we order that...Jews...open their banks on Christian holidays and that money is not lent with interest...
5. Source	Shlomo Simonsohn, The Apostolic See and the Jews, 1991:16
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 22, 1517
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the Lords of Sebastian and Peter of Veitmile/Weitmühl*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	We, Sebastian and Peter, Lords of Weitmühle* and Chomutov announce with this our public letter for us and all of our heirs/successors, heiresses and progeny, lords of Chomutov […] who hear or read this [on the urging of honorable and wise mayor and [city] council and the entire community in the city of Chomutov … who have tolerated the Jews for so long and have so greatly suffered at their hands …] that no Jew shall now or forever settle in the city and live among them; nor shall they pursue any trade, a business or a craft in or near the city […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.) (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The Veimile/Weitmühle were nobility ruling certain legally leased land which they had been obtained from King Vladislaus II.

1. Full Date of Act	May 14, 1518
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews” issued by Maximilian I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] However, His R[oyal] M[ajesty] is of the opinion that Jews are not to be permitted to stay or settle in Vienna or in the country.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 7.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 25, 1518
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Ordinance” of the Parliament of Brno
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall take [no more than] one gulden in interest per 10 gulden per year […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.) (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 6, 1520
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Ordinance” of the Parliament of Olomouc
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews may not take more than 2 gulden per 10 gulden in interest per per year […] only Jews who do not practice usury may live in the villages, all others are to live and trade in towns and cities […] the general bailiff is to be notified regarding loans on pledges […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 25, 1521
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by Emperor Charles V (‘Karl’), Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	Since the Jewry in Our Württemberg (‘Wirtemberg’) have loaned Our citizens and subjects money against immovable goods for large interest and usury which have caused our folks and our princely local authorities […] considerable damage […] which is why we wish that henceforth no Jew or Jewess may loan money against interest or usury - publicly or in secret - to our authorities (‘Landstellen’) or our subjects in the Duchy of Württemberg, and those who violate this order shall have their goods, interest, and money confiscated and no court shall side with them under any circumstances. […]
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Württemberg in ihrem Verhältniß zum Staat, bis 1806. von Johannes Fallati. (History of Jews in Württemberg in their relationship to the state, until 1806.); (Tübingen; 1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 27, 1521
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Mandate, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, King of Germany, for the Duchy of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Moved by good cause, We hereby issue a declaration, law and ordinance, that from now on until forever, no Jew or Jewess, regardless of their association, shall be allowed to lend anything to Our residents and Our subjects in Our Duchy of Württemberg, be it with or without usury, in secret or in public. Those in contravention shall not have any claim to payments of interest. All officers and officials of the state shall make Our declaration, law and ordinance known to residents and subjects, commoners and gentry, Jews and Jewesses, not to borrow anything from Jews, nor to allow them to lend anything to anyone. In addition, the same officers and officials shall ensure that serious punishment is inflicted upon any scofflaws.
5. Source	Riecke, Christian H. Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Collection of the Laws of Württemberg). Cotta: Stuttgart, 1831. Vol. 4. Page 51.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 20, 1521
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental/State/Land-Ordinance” (‘Landesordnung’) issued in the Duchy of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	[…] The Jews are not be kept/tolerated in the land [of Württemberg], nor are they be permitted to pass through [and trade] (‘wandeln’) […]
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Württemberg in ihrem Verhältniß zum Staat, bis 1806. von Johannes Fallati. (“History of Jews in Württemberg in their relationship to the state, until 1806.”); (Tübingen; 1852);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 6, 1523
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Decree” issued by Sigismund I for Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not permitted to sell silk items/fabric and gold fabric by the ell but only as a whole; [Jews may only sell] silk by the pound and not by the lot* […] other items, such as cotton [and] cotton-fabric (‘Kattun, Zwillich’) […] as whole pieces, not by the ell […] pepper only by the pound […] comestibles, especially during Lent, per wholesale, namely by the sack or in smaller containers […] only 2 Cologne canvases at a time, those of lower quality only one at a time, but each may not cost more than one and a half Mark […They may sell] common canvases, namely Russian and those produced on their own by the ell […] silver and gold yarn only 2 ounces at a time. Jews may sell fabric of any kind only as a whole and not by the ell. If [a Jew] is in possession of a whole piece of crimson-red/purple fabric (‘Purpur-Tuch’), he’s to report this to the mayor who is free to purchase it for a reasonable price, but if he (the mayor) chooses not to, the Jew is to be permitted to sell it by the ell. The Jew may not purchase more than 8 ox-hides, ten calf-, five wolf-, and four Mustelidae-hides at once, lamb-hides not under 1 1/2 stone [… they may only purchase items that have not been sold at the market … they may not ruin a trade a Christian is involved in; only when a Christian passes on the item, may the Jew consider it … Jews may not establish a shop on the market of Posen, nor store wool or hides in the houses near the market … violators are to be fined one Schock Groschen [currency] and should a Jew deny that he has transgressed against any of the above guidelines, he’s to be brought to court …]
5. Source	Historisch-Statistisches Bild der Stadt Posen, wie sie ehedem d. H. vom Jahre 968-1793 beschaffen war, von Joseph Lukaszewicz. Aus dem Polnischen übersetz von L. Königl. Im Jahre 1846, revidiert und berichtigt von Prof. Dr. Tiesler. (Historical-Statistical picture of the city of Posen, as it used to be [structured], namely between 968-1793 by Joseph Lukaszewicz. Translated from Polish by L. royl. in 1846, revised and corrected by Prof. Tiesler, PhD.); (Posen; 1878);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *A lot is an old unit of measurements of about 16 grams. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 15, 1524
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision” of the Municipal Assembly of Prague
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	The Municipal Assembly of Prague decides to no longer tolerate Jews in the city.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.) (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 18, 1524
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by Philip I prohibiting Jews entrance to the principality of Hesse and expelling those already in residence there.
3. Geography of Act	Landgraviate of Hesse
4. Text of Act	You shall not allow any Jew to reside within your office, and you shall inform the noblemen who are in your office or nearby to behave in the same manner, and also forbid their Jews from entering our principality or non-privileged lands, and announce this for their safety and well-being. And if you encounter these or any other criminal Jews in your jurisdiction, you should punish them severely and expel them from the land, forbidding them from returning and from settling again.
5. Source	Siegmund Salfeld, “Die Judenpolitik Philipps des Grossmütigen [The Jewish Policy of Philip the Magnanimous],” J. Kaufman, Frankfurt a. M., 1904, p. 5, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Marie-Christine Plettenberg (DLA Piper)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	1526 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Conrad III of Thuringia, year 1526
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] 43) We also want and order that the Jews are not exempt (not forbidden) from appearing in court and from swearing an oath on their Sabbath, and command for the benefit of the common good that they shall not practice usury or make loans on pledges in our city of Würzburg, in our principality, and domains, but [that they] make a living through their art and work accomplished by their hands, however, if anyone has the audacity to use usury or make loans on pledges, he shall give us each time one Mark silver or its equal value, and our bailiff or assistant bailiff (‘Schulthais oder Unterschulthais’) if such rumor or proper report [should surface] […] shall make inquiries and investigate it as it is customary.”
5. Source	Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 30, 1526
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of the foreman (‘Schöffenmeister’) and the aldermen of the city of Kutná Hora [Kuttenberg]
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	The foreman and the aldermen of the city of of Kutná Hora [Kuttenberg] prohibit Jews to store the pledges they have received from the Christians with the citizens [of the city] or to accept and keep such pledges themselves. Jews may not stay/be present in Kutná Hora [Kuttenberg] except on market days or when they must appear in court. Disobedience of this order is to be fined with 5 Schock groschen [currency].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 23, 1526
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision” of the Parliament of Moravia to Brno
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] each lord is to require of his Jews to turn in a fourth of the usury as tax […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 20, 1527
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	King Ferdinand orders the Bohemian chamber to stop and require Jews in the kingdom of Bohemia to submit 2000 Schock grosch[en] instead of the agreed upon 2000 Schock.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher A ‘Schock’ was basically 5 dozen = 60. The original document was signed in Buda, which is today part of Budapest.

1. Full Date of Act	1528 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued by Ferdinand I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Ordinance as to how to henceforth deal with local and resident Jews who are the royal property (‘Kammergut’) […], as well as all foreign Jews who come to Vienna from other places; […] all foreign Jews, who stay in the city of Vienna or its suburbs for more than one night, are to immediately - or the latest in the morning of the next day – report to the authorities who are to issue them a permit (‘Aufenthaltsschein’); furthermore, all Jews are required to wear their badge uncovered and unconcealed on the front of their clothing […] und under no pretext – lest they wish to be punished severely - engage in the city of Vienna or its suburbs in any kind of trade, business or exchange, […] so that any complaints and burden which are the results of the[ir] trading, business and usury practices and similar secret dealings of the aforementioned Jews that befall the common man and the city of Vienna […] are prevented. […]”
5. Source	Engelman, Wilhelm: Das Judentum in Oesterrich und die böhmischen Unruhen (“The Jewry in Austria and the bohemian Unrest”); (Leipzig; 1845)9/21/2017
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 22, 1528
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Regulation” for Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] And when a Jew is here on business, he is to wear a Jewish sign in the front (of his clothing) - uncovered and undisguised - so that he can be recognized by Christians […] and so that a separation is maintained.
5. Source	Wertheimer, von Ritter, Joseph: Die Juden in Österreich: vom Standpunkte der Geschichte, des Rechts und des Staatsvertheils (1842) p. 61.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1529
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The Jews were also expelled from Pressburg, Oedenburg (Sopron), and Tyrnau." "Middle Ages to the Ottoman Conquest;" porges.net
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 13, 1529
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate, issued by Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany and Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas for several years, the Constitution of the Duchy of Württemberg has contained an article which, for the purpose of preventing the exploitation of the common man that would leave him destitute, prohibits the settling of any Jews in the duchy, nor any wandering through it by the same. To this provision, We now add that any of Our subjects who trade or negotiate with Jews shall be punished, as well.
5. Source	Walcher, Gustav. Geschichte der Juden in Württemberg in ihrem Verhältnis zum Staat, bis 1806 (History of the Jews in Württemberg in their Relationship to the State, until 1806). Kienzler: Stuttgart, 1852. Page 28.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 30, 1529
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Mandate” issued by Emperor Ferdinand I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Württemberg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Württemberg shall remain entirely prohibited to Jews, and any Christian who engages in trade with a Jew is also to be expelled from the land. […]
5. Source	Schubert, Anselm: Täufertum und Kabbalah. Augustin Bader und die Grenzen the Radikalen Reformation. (Anabaptism and Kabbalah. Augustin Bader and the limitations of the radical reformation.); (Heidelberg; 2008);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1529
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate prohibiting borrowing or other dealings with Jews
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	Now, for many years now, considerable and destructive damage and harm has been done to our subjects everywhere through trade with the Jews,… In order to prevent and counteract such destructive and irreparable damage (as much as possible, and as we know we owe it to God and the law), we solemnly command and will that none of our subjects, inmates and relatives, regardless of their status, character or origin, may borrow from the Jews, be it small or large, little or much, whatever the name, on or without pledge, or deal with the Jews in any other way.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p.127-128, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher This mandate was reiterated in a later mandate dated Nov. 13, 1546. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.