Acts – Page 50 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 19, 1530
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"The Imperial Police Regulation of 1530" Issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy / Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	1) All Jews are to wear a yellow ring on their skirt or skull cap to make them easier to be recognized. 2) They are to wear appropriate clothing and all public officials are required to charge violators a fine in the amount of twice the worth of their clothing. Those officials who have been found to be tardy and stubborn in the enforcement of this law will be held accountable. 3) Jews who have been found using dubious and unfair usury practices will not be tolerated in the holy realm and should not expect protection from the courts. [Signed by:] Karl V: Romischer Kryserlicher Maiestat Ordnung un[d] Reformation guter Pollicei im heyligen römischen Reich Anno M. D. xxx. zu Ausgburg [H]offgericht. (Charles V: Roman Emperor Regulation and Reformation of good Policing in the holy Roman Empire Anno M. D. xxx for the Royal Courts of Augsburg)
5. Source	"R. K. Maj. Ordnung und Reformation guter Policei in H. Röm. Reich: anno 1530," Original scan; Accessed online
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 1, 1531
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Dress Code for Jews” decree issued by Emperor Ferdinand I
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Hence, we order that there be observed a distinction between Christians and Jews in clothing and costume and, as is done in numerous countries, the Jews be marked and recognized by a certain sign […]. Thus we decree and order […] that all Jews, settled in our hereditary principalities and lands or now and then sojourning in them on business, shall begin within one month from the publication of this our general decree to use and wear publicly an uncovered sign, by which they are to be distinguished and recognizable from Christians: namely on the outer coat or dress over the left breast a yellow ring, circumference and diameter of the circle as herein prescribed and not narrower nor smaller, made of yellow cloth (notwithstanding any previous enactments or exemptions which are hereby revoked).
5. Source	Global Jewish Advocacy: Anti-Semitism: An Assault on Human Rights.
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1535 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Toll/Customs Ordinance” (Zollordnung) of Kintzheim (‘Kungßheim’), year 1535*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“16) Addendum. No toll/customs officer shall permit a Jew or Jewess to pass through without paying a toll [of 2 [Gulden]; [a] dead Jew, if he crosses pays 1 fl [Gulden].”
5. Source	Oberrheinische Stadtrechte. Dritte Abteilung: Elsässische Rechte. Veröffentlich von der Kommission zur Herausgabe Elsässischer Geschichtsquellen. Schlettstadter Stadtrechte bearbeitet von Joseph Gény. Zweite Hälfte. (“Upper Rhinian City Laws. Third Division. Alsatian laws. Published by the Commission for the Publication of Alsatian Historical Sources. City Laws of Sélestat edited by Joseph Gény. Second Half.”); (Heidelberg; 1902);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher It appears that #16 was an addendum to the original text. The exact date for this ordinance has been lost. Experts place it around 1535.

1. Full Date of Act	1536
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate issued by Prince Elector John Frederick I
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Since 1432 Jews had been forbidden to take up permanent residence in Electoral Saxony. It is unclear why Elector John Frederick issued a mandate at the beginning of August 1536 that prohibited them from staying there, engaging in business, or passing through...He appears to have approved the mandate because of the Jews' unwilling to repent and because of their usury.” Martin Brecht & James L. Schaaf: “Martin Luther: The Preservation of the Church, 1532-1546.” (1993) p. 336 2) “By 1537, [in 1536] a disappointed [Martin] Luther became convinced that most Jews had no intention of converting to Christianity. If conversion was not a possibility, Luther believed there was no reason to tolerate the Jews. He therefore persuaded one of his strongest supporters--the prince of Saxony--to expel Jews from his territory. They could no longer live in, engage in business in, or even pass through Saxony.” Phyllis Goldstein: “A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism.” p. 123
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 8, 1536
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Regulation”
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[… ] Hungarian and Bohemian Royal M[ajesty …] Archduke of Austria […] our all gracious Lord given order as to how the Jews of Vienna are to act. [It is] ordered that from now on, just like the domestic and settled Jews that are part of [His Royal Majesty’s] 'chamber goods' (Camerguet)* now also foreign and unknown Jews and such, who come to Vienna, are to be stopped in order to prevent complaints and burdens that are of disadvantage to the city of Vienna and the common man who are hurt by the dealings, tradings and usury of the Jews and their secretive workings and practices. […] Furthermore, Jews who live or are settled in this Lower-Austrian Dukedom […] and are [His Royal Majesty’s] 'chamber goods'* who comes here and want to stay in or near the city of Vienna more than over night have to report to the Royal M[ajesty’s] government […] of their dealings and possessions and what they’re intending to do […] as soon as they arrive […]; the before mentioned authorities […] are to issue them a certificate on a piece of paper that outlines their dealings and things […] and how long that (particular) Jew is allowed to remain here. […] he’s not to remain longer in the country – secretly or publicly - than what the authorities have authorized. And so long a Jew is here for trade or business, he is to wear the Jewish sign uncovered and openly on his clothing, so that he can be recognized […] by the Christians […]; also, no Jew is allowed to trade, handle or exchange […] or lest face severe punishment […] they are also prohibited to have any accommodations, except two unmarked houses; those Jews who are found to be in violation of the before mentioned [law], and found [by chance] or tracked down are to be punished severely.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 2.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 1, 1536
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Fourth State Ordinance
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	None of our subjects shall borrow anything from the Jews, use their trade, or engage in usurious dealings, on pain of forfeiture of body and property, and expulsion from our principality. … None, whoever he may be, shall also become a surety or debtor to the Jews, or pledge their property
5. Source	“Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 1, Tübingen, 1841, pp. 112-114, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 19, 1537
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Announcement” of Sigismund I for Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	1) Jews, who possess houses and places in the district that is within the jurisdiction of the city [which have not been given with the approval of the local authorities …] are to sell these to Christians who belong to that jurisdiction within a year or have these confiscated by the local Fiscus/royal treasurer […]. 2) In the future, no Jew is to be permitted to purchase a house [with permission from] the royal/court-judge (‘Schloßrichter’), only from the mayor. […] 6) Jews may not purchase houses which are under the city’s jurisdiction without the permission of the mayor [lest they be confiscated to the advantage of the royal treasury …]. 8) On Fridays, Jews are not to roam around in droves, but rather to stay quiet before their homes and the synagogue [because otherwise, they could agitate the common folk resulting in street riots …]
5. Source	Historisch-Statistisches Bild der Stadt Posen, wie sie ehedem d. H. Vom Jahre 968-1793 beschaffen war, von Joseph Lukaszewicz. Aus dem Polnischen übersetz von L. Königl. Im Jahre 1846, revidiert und berichtigt von Prof. Dr. Tiesler. (Historical-Statistical picture of the city of Posen, as it used to be [structured], namely between 968-1793 by Joseph Lukaszewicz. Translated from Polish … in 1846, revised and corrected by Prof. Tiesler, PhD.); (Posen; 1878);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 30, 1537
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Emperor Ferdinand
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew or Jewess shall settle or live or stay in Schweinfurt without the patronage, knowledge, and permission of the city. […]
5. Source	Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 15, 1537
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” of the Archbishop Francis (‘Frank’) I of Waldeck
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	Also, a Jew pays for this protection four Taler* or 5 Ma[rk]* 10 s[shillings]* [… to the chancellery of the prince-bishop[ric] (‘Item ein Judde vor ein geleide gegeven 4 Joachimsdaler, facit 5 ma[rk]* 10 s[schillinge]*’).
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *Taler, Mark, and Schilling were historic currencies in that region.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 6, 1537
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by Prince-Bishop Conrad
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews who pursue the prohibited practice of usury are to be expelled immediately from the domain/land. […] if any of the subjects borrowed money from Jews – either on guarantees or on pledges – and in case they were found to be engaged in such a trade, all officers and subordinates are to see to it emphatically, that the Jews receive (be paid back) only the principle amount (capital) and nothing more than that. […]
5. Source	Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 13, 1538
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews may take no more than 1/2 a Heller in interest per week for each Gulden from citizens.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); (www.archive.org); Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1539 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued by Landgrave Philipp of Hesse, year 1539
3. Geography of Act	Landgraviate of Hesse; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] 1) […] Jews are not to attack/insult the Christian belief in any way and are to live according to the Torah and not the teaching of the Talmud. 2) [… Jews] are not to build new synagogues. 3) [… they are] not to discuss/debate religion with Christians […] 4 […] 5) They may only do business in places (cities/towns etc.) where there are no guilds present or [where] there are no objections from the guilds […] 6) They are to be honest and sincere in their dealings and trades. 7) […] not charge/take more than 5% in interest […] and to make loans only in the presence of an officer or in cases of married people, only with the prior knowledge of the partner […] 8) […] may not bribe officers of the landgraviate. 9) […] sexual contact to Christians […] and loans on stolen goods is to be punished with death. 11) Foreign Jews are prohibited to do business within the landgraviate of Hesse. […] 12) Officers of the landgraviate are to strictly watch over and enforce the Jewish ordinance. […] 14) Each Jew is to pay a 'protection fee' […] in accordance with his wealth. […]”
5. Source	Hecker, Horst: Jüdisches Leben in Frankenberg (“Jewish Life in Frankenberg by Horst Hecker"), 2011; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1539
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews" issued by Emperor Ferdinand
3. Geography of Act	Hungary
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "...Emperor Ferdinand ordered the Jews to be expelled at the request of the inhabitants of Nagyszombat." Schreiber, Sandor: Jewish Inscriptions in Hungary: From the 3rd Century to 1686. (1983) p. 136
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 28, 1539
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision of the Members of the territorial estates” issued by the Royal Bohemian Parliament
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Furthermore, Jews, who are in this kingdom, shall not insert themselves into proceedings of the members of the various territorial estates (‘Landtagsverhandlungen’), and any Jew, who is found to be present in the palace during a parliamentary assembly, shall be placed in the Tallaborka*.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.) (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher 'Landtagsverhandlungen’ which in modern times refers to parliamentary proceedings, here refers the members of the various territorial estates in the Holy Roman Empire. *It is unclear what ‘Tallaborka' refers to as it seems to only appear in this document.

1. Full Date of Act	1540 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the Council of Constance, year 1540
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Constance [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Henceforth, no Jew may enter the city and its jurisdiction without having given a sufficient commitment (‘genugsame Verschreibung’) that he’s neither going to lend, purchase, exchange or in any other fashion trade in Constance or with the citizens, residents, or relatives in the city of Constance where someone remains in debt to them. If a Jew violates this […] he shall be physically punished and fined according to the findings and preferences (‘Erkenntnis’) of the Council. […]”
5. Source	Badenia oder das badische Land und Volk. Eine Zeitschrift zur Verbreitung der historische-topographisch-statistischen Kenntiniß des Großherzogthums. Herausgegeben von Dr. Joseph Bader, Großherzgl. Archivrath. Zweiter Band. (“Badenia or the Land and Peoples of Baden. A Periodical for the Dissemination of the historical-topographical-statistical knowledge of the Grand Duchy. Edited by Joseph Bader, PhD, Council-Archivist of the Grand-duchy. Second Volume.”); (Heidelberg; 1862);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Jews were permitted to buy, sell, or exchange using cash – so long as no debt remained (to be paid off at a later date) at the end of the deal.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 30, 1540
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Ferdinand I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	In response to an appeal made by the City Council of Litomerice ('Leitmeritz’), King Ferdinand repeals an earlier Patent in which he allowed Jews to freely trade with wine on the grounds that such permission would go against the liberties of the aforementioned city.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The document was signed in Prague Castle and refers to an earlier writ issued on May 24, 1539, in which by Ferdinand I permits Jews to purchase and sell wine in the city.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 31, 1540
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by King Ferdinand I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	King Ferdinand authorizes Wilhelm Klenowsky von Klenowe to collect the fine from the Jews of Bor u Tachova (‘Haid’) for the unauthorized/illegal money lending and orders all, especially the City Council of Klatovy (‘Klattau’), to assist him in this regard.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The document was signed in Prague Castle. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 11, 1540
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Announcement” issued by the Town-Hall of Kitzingen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] no citizens shall have anything to do with any Jew who lives nearby and under a different domain, nor shall he (citizens) purchase, sell, loan, or accidentally trade with them (Jews), because one does not wish to help one party/side attain his right legally or peacefully against another, but those citizens who violate this order (law), shall be punished severely […]
5. Source	Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 30, 1540
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Ferdinand I addressed to the Bohemian Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Strong/hardworking, earnest, and dear loyal subjects. After the estates in our royal realm in Bohemia have recently obediently agreed to a communal tax, we deem it appropriate, that the Jewry in Prague shall have a tax imposed on them as well […]. So, it is our order, that you shall negotiate and require from the eldest among them (Jews) […] to obediently submit 2000 Gulden for the building/creation of a garden [for Prague Castle.] […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 18, 1540
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Ferdinand I addressed to the Bohemian Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Strong/hardworking, earnest, and dear loyal subjects. As it has been reported to us, that our Jewish community in Prague […] have not agreed to pay more than one thousand Gulden […] we order with all seriousness [herewith] that you shall press the eldest of the Jewry in all seriousness and negotiate with them on our behalf so that they give to the already approved 1000 Gulden another 1000 Gulden […] Should they refuse to do this, we will be forced to take further action against them […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 3, 1541
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, King of Germany, for the Duchy of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	That no Jew shall reside in the Duchy of Württemberg, nor wander about the land without a letter of safe passage from the Duke; and that no Jew, nor Jewess, no matter their origin, may lend anything to the residents and subjects of the Duchy of Württemberg; and that any demands or actions by Jews for payment of debts shall be declared null and void, and those debts excused; this, We herewith confirm with Imperial power as valid and in force, and all officials, officers and subjects of the empire are ordered to assist and support Duke Ulrich of Württemberg in enforcing these prohibitions, and to refrain from complaining about them, applying for an exemption, or allowing any kind of contravention, under penalty of twenty marks in gold, half of which is payable to Our Imperial Accounting Office, the other half to Duke Ulrich of Württemberg.
5. Source	Riecke, Christian H. Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze [Collection of the Laws of Württemberg]. Cotta: Stuttgart, 1831. Vol. 4. Page 73.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 18, 1541
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Freiheitsrecht [Freedom Law] issued by Charles V.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Ulm
4. Text of Act	This Jew is not permitted to borrow money. If he does so, he is liable to a fine of 10 marks in gold; and the money, together with interest, shall go to the city of Ulm.
5. Source	Gotthard Deutsch and Schulim Ochser, “Ulm,” jewishencyclopedia.com, accessed Dec. 5, 2024.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 23, 1541
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Emperor Karl V addressed to Delegate/Parliament Member (‘Abgeordnete’) of Constance Konrad Zwick
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Constance
4. Text of Act	Henceforth, no Jew or Jewess may lend to the citizens of Constance, heirs (‘Hinterlassen’), subjects, members of the courts and the administration* (‘Gerichts- und Schirmangehörige’) or their wives or children, may the loans be on immobile or specifically named items/goods – regardless of with or without usury – or [they are to] lose the main capital (‘Hauptgut’) and the loan. In cases where Constancians got involved with Jews (‘mit Juden einlassen’) before such [order], they are to set up a legal contract and pay it off.
5. Source	Badenia oder das badische Land und Volk. Eine Zeitschrift zur Verbreitung der historische-topographisch-statistischen Kenntiniß des Großherzogthums. Herausgegeben von Dr. Joseph Bader, Großherzgl. Archivrath. Zweiter Band. (“Badenia or the Land and Peoples of Baden. A Periodical for the Dissemination of the historical-topographical-statistical knowledge of the Grand Duchy. Edited by Joseph Bader, PhD, Council-Archivist of the Grand-duchy. Second Volume.”); (Heidelberg; 1862)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 12, 1541
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of King Ferdinand I addressed to the Bohemian Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Monarchy; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	King Ferdinand gives the royal emissary whom he sent to the assembly of the members of the estates in Prague Castle the instructions to negotiate with the estates in his royal realm […]*, that if these aforementioned estates in the realm decide to expel all Jews from the Kingdom of Bohemia who do not agree to be baptized to determine a deadline within which they (Jews) can bring all of their affairs in order and collect any outstanding debt in order to leave with all of their possessions, their wives and children from the Kingdom of Bohemia and all other lands.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky,em. Director des Landesarchivs des Königreiches Böhmens. I. 906 bis 1576. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 906 to 1576.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The document was signed in Linz. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source. *This order was issued by the king in response to the many complaints he received against the Jews who were said to be serving as spies for the Turks.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 11, 1542
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Austrian government
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire; House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews, who reside here (‘heuslich gesessen’), shall give three Gulden per house, which the empire/state shall give to the poor. Jews, whether male or female, who do not reside here (‘nit heuslich, gesessen’) and who are over the age of twelve, shall pay one Pound of Pennies (‘Phund phening’). Those who are under the age of twelve shall give half a Florin. Jews who are businessmen (pursue trade), shall be especially taxed according to their dealings by the local authorities under whose jurisdiction they reside. […]
5. Source	Beiträge zur Kunde steiermärkischer Geschichtsquellen herausgegeben von historischen Vereine für Steiermark. 15. Jahrgang. (Graz; 1878); [Contributions to the science/lore of historical Styrian sources published by the Historical Associations of Styria. 15th edition. (Graz, 1878)]
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None