Acts – Page 57 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 23, 1576
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued by the City Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Frankfurt; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews can sell a pound of beef – which did not turn out kosher – for no more than 7 pennies; […] there must not be more than 6 Jewish butchers in Frankfurt […] who must appear in front of the council annually to ask/apply for this perk/privilege […] Between [St.] Gall’s and [St.] Martin’s [Day], Jew may not slaughter more than two oxen and one cow. [… outside of this time] Jews may slaughter two cows and one oxen if both pieces turn out not to be kosher (‘es ware denn, dass beide Stücke nicht kosher ausfallen’) they may slaughter one more […]. […] In addition to a calf, Jews may not slaughter more than two of the following: mutton, sheep, goats, and buck. […] During the time of the markets, each is allowed to slaughter either no more than three cows or one oxen and one cow – and if either turned out to be non-kosher, they may slaughter one in its place […].
5. Source	Chronik vom ehrbaren Metzgergewerk. Nach den Rechtsquellen und historischen Ueberlieferungen des deutschen Mittelalters bearbeitet und in den Druck gegeben von Herman Alexander von Berlepsch; (“Chronicle of the Respectable butcher’s trade. According to Legal Sources and Historical Customs of the Middle Ages in Germany edited and given to print by Herman Alexander von Berlepsch”); (St. Gallen)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This is an extension to the “Fleischordnung” (Meat-Ordinance) for Jews issued in 1433.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 9, 1576
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Announcement” of the [City] Council of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	[…] the desires/wishes/pleas of Jews to receive protection in the Stift has been turned down by the government; they are only permitted to enter during the time of the free markets.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 1, 1577
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Vices Ejus Nos,” issued by Pope Gregory XIII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	[…] all patriarchs, archbishops, bishops and other prelates of the church shall ensure that in their areas, lands and towns, where there are a sufficient number of Jews to found a synagogue, they shall call them to assemble at a predetermined place, on the sabbath or any other specific day of each week, but not on hallowed ground or at a place where mass is usually celebrated. There, a Master of Theology or another suitable man, who should be paid by the Hebrews, or in any other way agreeable to him, shall preach or lecture to them. Therewith, the scriptures of the Old Testament shall be explained to them, namely Moses and the prophets.
5. Source	Franco, Sebastian & Dalmazzo, Henrico (eds.). Bullarum: diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum taurinensis [Diplomatic Bulls and Privileges of the Holy Roman Pontiffs -- Torino Edition], Volume 8. Turin, Italy, 1863. Pp. 188ff. 9/1/19.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 9, 1577
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Police Ordinance, issued by Emperor Rudolf II, King of Germany
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Title XX. Of Jews and their usury. – Whereas many towns in the German nation contain Jews who not only lend against high promissory notes, but also against stolen and robbed goods, it can be assumed that they will burden the poor and needy populace and suck it dry, causing it to commit many evil deeds. Therefore, we hereby order that henceforth, nobody is required to take in any Jews, except for those whom We have given special privileges. […] And so that all fraud in their loans may be prevented, the Jews shall write their loan contracts not in the Jewish language, but in German, indicating both the loan amount and a description of the collateral. In addition, no Christian shall buy a claim against a Christian from a Jew, nor may a Jew transfer such a debt to another Christian in any other way, as this shall make the contract null and void. […] However, so that the Jews may make a living, they shall be allowed to charge no more than five percent in usury. […]
5. Source	Weber, Matthias. Die Reichspolizeiordnungen von 1530, 1548 und 1577 (The Imperial Police Ordinances of 1530, 1548 and 1577). Klostermann: Frankfurt, 2002. Page 247.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1579
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews” issued by Prince Peter Schiopul
3. Geography of Act	Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In 1579, Prince Peter Schiopul (Peter the Lame) ill-treated Jews and expelled Polish born Jewish merchants from Moldavia.” 2) “On January 8, 1579, the sovereign of Moldavia, Peter Schiopul (Peter the Lame), ordered the banishment of the Jews on the grounds that they are ruining the merchants and had a total monopoly on Moldavian commerce.” Kogan, Yefim: History of Jews in Bessarabia in the 15th to 19th Centuries; Geography, History, Social Status (2008)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 9, 1579
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Taxation” issued by the General Assembly/Parliament (‘Generallandtag’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	The Jews who live in Prague or other cities and markets […] villages, or on the countryside in the kingdom […] shall each give 2 Ducats or 1 1/2 Schock Bohemian Gr. [currency] at two different times […] if they are 20 years or older or married […]. Those younger than 20 and older than 10 shall each give one-half on the determined days […]. The Jewish eldest are to keep a list of every Jew who is between the age of 10 and 20 (by name) […] to collect these taxes properly at the mandated dates […] to turn over [the sums to] the tax collectors at the Prague Castle along with the list […] If the Jewish elders do not obey this ordinance […] they are to be jailed […] and legally persecuted […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. II. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.) (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This assembly met on February 9, 1579, and concluded on April 14 of the same year.

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1579
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Daniel Brendel von Homburg, Archbishop of Mainz, for the County of Rheingau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas it is not a hidden fact that the Jews are a burden to public welfare, pushing the poor into depths of despair with their shameful, cunning interest and usury, in an affront to God, honor and justice; thus, henceforth, no Jew shall be allowed to reside or to settle down in our County of Rheingau, nor shall they be allowed any activity as traders or merchants; and those who fail to comply shall be punished severely and without mercy. In addition, we also forbid our subjects, if they want to avoid mandatory punishment, to borrow anything from the Jews, to socialize with them, or to enter into any usurious contract with them.
5. Source	Schaab, Carl Anton. Diplomatische Geschichte der Juden zu Mainz und dessen Umgebung, mit Berücksichtigung ihres Rechtszustandes in den verschiedenen Epochen (Diplomatic History of the Jews in Mainz and its surroundings, under consideration of their legal situation across the various epochs). Zabern: Mainz, 1855. Page 188.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 2, 1579
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews may not build in their alley (‘Gasse’) without permission […] outside [of this alley] they are prohibited from building all together.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The ‘Frankfurter Judengasse’ was one of the first Jewish ghettos established in Germany and lasted until 1811.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1579
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Phillip Ludwig, Duke of Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We hereby order all of our subjects to refrain from any business with Jews, be it usurious dealings or any other kind. Any contraventions of this decree shall incur a fine or corporal punishment, both for the subject and the Jew; the latter shall also lose all of the money or goods involved.
5. Source	Lamm, Louis. Zur Geschichte der Juden im bayerischen Schwaben (On the History of the Jews in Bavarian Swabia). Louis Lamm: Berlin, 1915. Page 43.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 25, 1579
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Vratislav von Pernstein (Wratislaw von Pernstein/Vratislav z Pernštejna) addressed to his officers
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Vratislav (‘Wratislaw’) […] orders this officer of Litomyšl/Liyomysl (‘Leitomischl’), Wenzel Hubryk, to prohibit Jews from settling/inhabiting Christian houses.
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. II. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. I. 1577 to 1620.) (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The Pernstein family (Pernštejn) was one of the seven (and most important of the) Moravian dynasties. The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Czech text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	1580
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Toll/Tax” Ordinance (Zollordnung) of Seefeld, year 1580
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"A Jew passing through pays one Gulden*."
5. Source	Studien zur Geschichte und Gesellschaft Vorarlbergs. Regionalstudie zur Geschichte einer Weltanschauung [-] Antisemitismus in Vorarlberg. Herausgegeben von Werner Dreier in Zusammenarbeit mit der Johann-August-Malin-Gesellschaft. Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung in Wien, des Landes Voralberg, der Landeshauptstadt Bregenz sowie der Stadt Hohenems. (“Studies Regarding the History and Society of Voralberg. A Regional study Regarding the History of a Weltanschauung [-] Anti-Semitism in Voralsberg. Published by Werner Dreier in Cooperation with the Johann-August-Malin-Society. Printed with the support of the Federal Ministry for Science and Research in Vienna, the State of Voralberg, State Capital of Bregenz and the City of Hohenems.”); (Bregenz; 1988);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher It appears that there was no attempt made to distinguish between Jews on foot and those on horseback in Seefeld in terms of the payment that was required. *A Gulden was a historical German and Dutch gold coin. 1 Gulden was worth about 300 Pfennigs/pennies at the time, making Seefeld one of the more expensive border/toll crossing in the region for Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 30, 1581
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull issued by Gregory XIII on Jewish doctors
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Jewish doctors and unbelievers are not allowed to treat the diseases of Christians.
5. Source	Christoph Heinrich Freiesleben, “Corpus Juris Canonici Academicum [Academic Body of Canon Law],” Richter and Heinsius, 1728, p. 105, available from books.google.co.uk.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of the Act was available in Latin in the source above. Translator It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 1, 1581
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull of Gregory XIII, "Antiqua Judaeorum improbitas" (Ancient Jewish Dishonesty)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	1. Regarding the Jews...we decree and declare that Inquisitors are freely permitted to proceed against the following: 3. If they should call upon and receive messages from demons... 4. If they should be accustomed to speaking blasphemies against the Christian faith... 9. If they should possess heretical books or the Talmud or other condemned Jewish literature...
5. Source	Bullarium (Cherubini vol 2 ff 361-490): 450-1 AND PAGE #
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 26, 1582
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Rudolph II
3. Geography of Act	Bohemian crown lands; Duchies of Silesia; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jewry is to leave/clear out of Silesia as per the decision of the Silesian princes and the estates of the realm (‘Stände’)* or lose all of their property and belongings […]; however, they may be permitted to continue to do business on public annual markets as in the past […]
5. Source	D. Anthon Balthasar Walthers königl. Preußischen Kriegs- und Domainen-Raths Silesia Diplomatica, Oder Verzeichnis derer gedruckten Schlesischen Diplomatum, Privilegiorum, Landes-Gesetze, Statuten, Päpstlichen Bullen, Ober-Amtlichen Patenten, Gerichtlichen Bescheide, Beschlüsse, Gutachten, Rechtlichen Ausführungen, Beschwernüsse, Vergleiche, Friedens-Schlüsse, und andere zur Schlesischen Historie und Rechtsgelahrsamkeit gehörigen Uhrkunden und Nachrichten. Nebst einem Verzeichnis der Autorum worinnen dieselben zum Theil befindlich und einem Register über die vornehmsten Sachen. Zweyter Tomus. Enthält die zum weltlichen Zustande Schlesiens gehörige Uhrkunden. (Breslau; 1742); (D. Anthon Balthasar Walther’s royal, reproduction of the Prussian war- & domain-council [laws] of Silesia; Or directory/register of printed Silesian official documents, privileges, state laws, statutes, papal bulls, official patents, court announcements, decisions, expert opinions, legal declarations, complaints, comparisons/settlements, peace agreements, and other legal documents and news pertaining to the History of Silesia and its legal scholarship. In addition to a list of authors some of which are included, and a register of the most noble matters. Second volume. Contains documents belonging to the worldly state of Silesia.) (Wroclaw; 1742)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *The estates of the realm (‘Stände’) were a broad social hierarchy during the medieval and early modern period in Europe.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 7, 1582
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Emperor Rudolph II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews together with their wives and children are to be completely banned from Silesia […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 20, 1583
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by Wolfgang von Dalberg, Archbishop of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	To all of our officers, public servants, customs officials, bailiffs and inspectors, as well as city governments and township councils, we hereby give our most earnest order that you shall do everything in your power to enforce our will and not allow any of our subjects to enter into installment purchases, loans, or any other such usurious contracts with Jews, while contraventions shall result in a complete loss of the Jew’s claim, in addition to merciless punishment for both offenders. You shall enforce this order strictly among all of our subjects, so that you will not suffer any punishment yourselves.
5. Source	Schaab, Carl Anton. Diplomatische Geschichte der Juden zu Mainz und dessen Umgebung, mit Berücksichtigung ihres Rechtszustandes in den verschiedenen Epochen (Diplomatic History of the Jews in Mainz and its surroundings, under consideration of their legal situation across the various epochs). Zabern: Mainz, 1855. Page 189.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 12, 1583
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by Rudolf II and addressed to Duke Sebastian Schlick
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire; House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	[…] Since it has been brought to Our attention by the local communities and [we have] received numerous complaints about the many Jews living in the city of [Petschau] and around the mines, and considering that more and more (Jews) turn up and set roots [each day], to whom many of the mining folks and locals […] run to in order to borrow money […] and are sucked dry by the Jews via excessive usury to the point that they lose their worldly goods so that they fall further into ruin […] and bring harm and disadvantage to Our royal possessions (‘Kammergut’)* […] that is why we order you herewith graciously, to drive out [all] Jews who live in and around [Petschau] so that they not only avoid the mining town itself, but also leave from everywhere nearby within a month, which we are announcing to you via this mandate […] which is to be publicly announced and displayed […].
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. Ii. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. II. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *A ‘Kammergut’ was the legal possessions of kings, emperors and princes.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 1, 1584
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Sancta Mater Ecclesia” issued by Gregory XIII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	We command all the patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, and other prelates of the church...that there be sermons and lectures in which Jews may be exposed to our ancient scripture...in which the virtue of the Christian faith, the visit and embodiment of the son of God, his birth, life, miracles, suffering, death, burial, descent to hell, resurrection, ascension to heaven are explained to them...
5. Source	Bullarium Romanum, v.8: 487-8.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 1, 1585
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Ordinance, issued by George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	First, the Jews shall swear in the presence of Our officers and the local priest, that they will neither blaspheme Our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, the son of God and the Virgin Mary, nor his godly name, nor Our Christian religion, nor to burden the poor, simple-minded Jews with laws and teachings made up by men. Second, they shall not build any new synagogues, but quietly use the old ones. […] Fourth, while any [Christian] sermons are in progress, whether on workdays or on Sunday and holidays, they shall remain indoors and refrain from working. […] Ninth, any Jew who rapes a Christian woman or virgin, or sleeps with her, shall be arrested by Our officers, and, with Our knowledge beforehand, suffer the death penalty. […] Twelfth, the Jews pay Us, annually, the appropriate protection tax, to Our local tax collector.
5. Source	Günther, Carl Friedrich. Bilder aus der Hessischen Vorzeit (Images from Ancient Hessian History). Jonghans: Darmstadt, 1853. Page 82.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 15, 1585
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Emperor Rudolf II addressed the Jewry of Prague
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire; House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	We, Rudolf, […] announce […] publicly with this letter […] that the Jewry of Prague […] is to obediently pay Us and Our successors/heirs an annual ordinary chamber-tax (‘Kammerzins’) of one thousand Thaler or Schock indefinitely […] in two installments due on Saint George’s Day [April 23] and Saint Gall’s day [October 16] as well as an annual tax of four hundred Thaler to [contribute to] our well-being until ordered otherwise. […]
5. Source	Zur Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien von 906 bis 1620. Herausgegeben von Gottlieb Bondy, em. Präsidenten der Handels - und Gewerbekammer in Prag. Zur Herausgabe vorbereitet und ergänzt von Franz Dworsky, em. Director des Landesarchives des Königreiches Böhmens. Ii. 1577 bis 1620. (Prag; 1906); (Regarding the history of Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia from 906 to 1620. Published by Gottlieb Bondy, fo[rmer] President of the Trade and Commerce and Industry in Prague. Prepared for publication and supplemented by Franz Dworsky, fo[rmer] Director of the National Archives of the Kingdom of Bohemia. II. 1577 to 1620.); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 7, 1585
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by Bishop Ernst von Mengersdorf
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[Requires ‘Jews and Jewesses’ who have ‘snuck in to the Prince-Bishopric Bamberg' to leave 'within 4 months' …] primarily because you (Jews) have purchased stolen and looted foreign goods from robbers, murderers, thieves and such harmful rabble and indicated to them by rewarding them that you are further willing to trade with such goods and have therefore promoted and given way to murder, robbery and thievery and have encouraged uncertainly, incitement and cause. […]
5. Source	Schirnaidel – Bis auf die Gegenwart; zugleich ein Rückblick auf das Hochstift Bamberg von Michael Pfister, Domkapitular. (Schirnaidel* – Until the Present; at the same time a review of the Hochstift Bamberg by Michael Pfister, Head or the Cathedral-Chapter); (Bamberg; 1891)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 4, 1586
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of Emperor Rudolf II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jewry of Kuttenplane […] are advised in all seriousness that while the most gracious Emperor’s order permits them to trade and do business (‘Handel and Wandel’) on the annual markets, the most gracious [Emperor], however, completely prohibits them with this order to trade and do business outside of the public annual markets. […]
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 22, 1587
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Fee for [Jewish] Settlement/Establishment” (‘Stättigkeit’) issued by the [City] Council/Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[…] from now on, whenever a foreign Jew or Jewess gets married to a Jewish doctor or his son and is admitted to the establishment (‘Stättigkeit’), one is (the authorities are) required to take 12 gold-Gulden from each foreign Jew or Jewess […]
5. Source	Der Juden zu Frankfurt Stättigkeit und Ordnung. (1613); (The Settlement/Establishment of Jews of Frankfurt and Ordinance/Order.)(1613));
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 20, 1587
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from peddling with small [food] items (‘Hockerei’)* and they may not loan money on comestibles (‘Viktualien’).
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Hockerei is an outdated term that refers to peddling - usually with small food items.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1587
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews are not to visit the markets before 7am during the summer, and 8am during winter, except when purchasing herbs/cabbage (‘Kraut’), turnip[-like vegetables] (‘Rüben’), garlic, fruit […] they are not to impede on the trading of Christians and not touch anything.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None