Acts – Page 58 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1598
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish-Ordinance” issued by the Council of the Imperial City of Wimpfen,* year 1598
3. Geography of Act	Imperial City of Wimpfen; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] the honorable, guarded/careful, and wise council of Wimpfen have felt/noticed (‘befunden’) that foreign Jews are seen in and around Wimpfen and often appear in the city, especially during market days, trade/act/bargain (‘hanndlen/), do all sorts of business such as buying and selling and exchanging money, and commit all sorts of other forbidden actions/contracts ('anndere verbottene Contrect treiben’) and numerous [of them] stay here day and night and become a burden to the citizens and those in the community. Therefore, the […] honorable council has deemed it good to issue an ordinance for them […]. Firstly, no Jew is to live in ‘Unndern-‘ or ‘Oberneyseßhaim, Kochendorff, Neckhersulm, Hainßen, Grundelßhaim, Wagenbach, Kirchhausen, Rappenaw, Bonfeldt, Hüpfelbower Hoff’ or anywhere near there, or stay overnight, [so] a Jew found to be housing one over night shall pay 3 batzen** and the harbored one (‘der beherbergte’) shall pay a fine of 3 batzen as well. […]”
5. Source	Jüdisches Leben Kraichgau e. V. : Dem Vergessen entrissen. Jüdisches Leben im Kraichgau. Ausstellungskatalog zur Wanderausstellung Eppingen 2011 (Jewish Life in Kraichgau e. V.: Snached (away) from Oblivion. Jewish Life in Kraichgau. Exhibition catalog for the traveling/hiking exhibition [of] Eppingen [in] 2011);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The Imperial City of Wimpfen is now called Bad Wimpfen and is located in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. *A batzen was a Swiss coin used in and around that region as a form of payment. This Jewish ordinance was renewed and expanded upon in 1626; 1630; 1756; 1760. The names of the cities have been copied from the text verbatim.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 29, 1598
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews may not collect on their debt in the countryside on Sundays and holidays.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 8, 1598
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews shall not be permitted to have Christians arrested on the Jewish Sabbath.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 18, 1599
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited to purchase church items […and they] may sell weapons only to local sword-makers.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 14, 1599
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Archduke Mattias addressed to the Vidame* and Kriegszahlmeister**
3. Geography of Act	Grand-Duchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The annual poll/head/capitation tax (‘Kopfsteuer’) of 1 fl. [per head] offered by the Viennese Jews is too little. They must pay 15,000 fl. or at least 10,000 fl., otherwise they will all be expelled from Vienna.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847 (1849). Herausgegeben und eingeleitet von A. F. Pribram. Erster Band. (Wien und Leipzig; 1918); (Official documents and files regarding the history of Jews in Vienna. First section, General part 1526-1847 (1849). Published and introduced by A. F. Pribram. First volume.); (Vienna and Leipzig; 1918)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Vidame is an old title of nobility. *Kriegszahlmeister was the heads of the military treasury.

1. Full Date of Act	1600
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree concerning Jews entering the City of Kaufbeuren around 1600
3. Geography of Act	Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"No Jew or Jewess shall be allowed into the city, unless he pays a guardian at the city gate. They are to go with the Jews and pay attention to what they do. For every hour the Jews must pay a crown to the guardian. The city council will make sure the guardians are carefully observing what the Jews do."
5. Source	R. Ledermann, History of the Jews in the City of Kaufbeuren (Geschichte der Juden in der Reichsstadt Kaufbeuren), published in: Monatsschrift fuer Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums 48, issue 11/12 (November/ December 1904), page 727. Translation by Franziska Wagener 2/2017
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 5, 1600
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews” decree issued by Archduke Matthias to the Court Chancellors
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] after We had give the order to the commissioners to permit Jews to remain in the country during the hardships of the war [in hopes] that they would give at least some kind of assistance [to the state]. Instead, however, they have gone against the Christians whose work they have managed to take away from them under the protection of the city and have brought damage and destruction to all Christians without making any contributions whatsoever. […] and no matter how many times we have asked them to change their ways, nothing was achieved, because they have proven to be rather stubborn and spiteful. That is why Your Highly Regarded Y. P. H. (Your Princely Highness) has graciously decided and ordered that all Jews - including young and old, male and female, without exception - are to leave not only the city, but also be removed from the Archduchy of Austria. They are to be ordered to either leave the country or face punishment, if they have not done so within 14 days, which is what the highly chosen Court Chancellors are to regulate and oversee. This [order] reflects the very eminently chosen Y. P. H. (Your Princely Highness)'s gracious decision. [signed] Per serenissimum archdiucem = As per the most sincere Archduke).
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918, Page 39.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1602
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews may not cut and sell cloth/fabric ('Tuch') by the Ell […] and to trade with new clothes […] they may not sell spices (‘Spezerein’) in smaller quantities than 1/4 of a Zentner* [… Jews may not sell] silk in quantities less than one pound […and they may not sell] gold, silver, pearls […] in their homes. […]
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main); www.archive.org.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher A Zentner is a unit of mass - equal to 100 German-pounds or 50kg.

1. Full Date of Act	1608
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Blood Purity Law” issued by the Jesuit Church
3. Geography of Act	Roman Catholic Church
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) The Jesuit order forbids admission to anyone descended from Jews to the fifth generation. Caroll, James: Constantine's Sword: The Church and the Jews; (New York; 2002)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1609
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Marranos expelled from England
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "As a result of enquiries by the Lord Chamberlain all Portuguese merchants suspected of Judaising were expelled." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 28
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1610
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull of Pope Paul V
3. Geography of Act	Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Regulates dowries of Roman Jews." Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1610
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Confinement of Jews into a Ghetto” issued by Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Mantua
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) In Mantua, Jews were required to live in a walled ghetto. The gates of the ghetto were locked at sunset and unlocked at dawn. Morgan, Howard: So Deeply Scarred: A History of “Christian” Anti-Semitism (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1611
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by Pope Paul V
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	…persons of Jewish descent shall not be admitted to canonicates of cathedrals, dignities in brotherhoods, and offices entrusted with the care of souls.
5. Source	“Constantine’s Sword.” James Carroll. Page 381
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1611
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Admission patent and Jewish regulations for the city of Mutzig, issued by Jacob von Landsperge.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	[We] hereby confess and enshrine this letter, for myself and my descendants, that I,… have accepted and entrusted the Jews,… as well as all their property and goods, to my protection and shelter in my dominion, in Mutzig or Herboltzheim, and receive and accept them in enshrinement in this letter, so that I shall and will protect, shield and defend them for the next five consecutive years following the date of this letter, as well as other Jews in this country … therefore every Jew should pay, hand over and give me for the first three years, each separately on Martin's Episcopal Day and the following year, four pounds ten shillings,… when the above-mentioned first three years have passed, I have the power to demand from the Jews another ten shillings.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p.142-144, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 30, 1611
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Expulsion of un-liberated Jews ordered by Matthias II of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	We, Matthias of Ander, etc. […]: Like Our beloved Lord and brother, his Royal Majesty, we had graciously allowed numerous Jews to live well, stay, and do business so long there are no complains or damages to Our citizens, ... and trades people. However, we have found through serious daily complaints from citizens, ... and trades people that since this permission was granted, numerous Jews from everywhere have come to the city of Vienna without permission or authorization, and are not only passing through without permission, but are also setting up their own businesses (Gewelder)* and other such things and weaken Our citizens and are even sending some of them into the ruin. However, since Our office was appointed to us by a Christian King […] we are no longer going to allow that Our loyal Christian citizens are driven into poverty and ruin by the Jews, but […] order finally and with all seriousness that all Jews who do not have a special 'free letter' (Freybief) – are to leave the city of Vienna and Burckfrid with their wives, children, 'themselves' and their possessions within 3 months of issuance of this general edict, and that after the three months are over, no one (Jew) is allowed to be return back in or to do business.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 44.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher Could not find any definition as to what "Gewelder" were, possibly a modification of the word "Gewerbe" which means "businesses" - Christian traders where afraid of Jews opening up their own "free" businesses.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1612
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Grand-Bailiff (‘Großvogt’) of Calenberg Lucas Langemantel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Principality of Calenberg
4. Text of Act	[…] Grand-Bailiff (‘Großvogt’) of Calenberg Lucas Langemantel has the Jewish temple just before Hannover […] and the newly built Jewish homes/houses destroyed as per the order of the prince (‘auf Fürstl. Befehl’) […].
5. Source	Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. Herausgegeben von Dr. O. Jürgens. 5. Jahrgang. 1902. (Historical documents/sheets of Hannover. Published by O. Jürgen, PhD. 5th annual issue. 1902.); (Hannover; 1902);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 2, 1612
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resolution Regarding Appropriate Behavior for the Jews” issued by the Magistrates of Amsterdam, 5/2/1612*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Holland
4. Text of Act	[…] It has been found that some among them [Jews] exercise very great and unchecked license to visit and converse with the women and daughters of these lands: this not only causes great vexation in the City and its environs, but also produces other harmful results. There is no longer any intention of tolerating this, but to punish appropriately the offenses that have been committed. […] they [Jews] will be admonished not to speak or to write, and to ensure that nothing be spoken or written, which could in any way serve to harm our Christian faith; nor to entice any Christian person away from our Christian faith or to circumcise such a person, not to have sexual intercourse with any Christian women or daughters in or out of wedlock, even if they are of ill repute. […] It is the intention of the Magistrate of the Court to proceed severely against offenders and violators of the Christian Religion […]. The excuse of ignorance will not be accepted.
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher Initial document has been lost. The resolution was reissued in November of 1616.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 23, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order/Prohibition issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	The [City] Council [of Frankfurt] prohibits Jews to purchase meat and to go for a public [leisurely] walk (‘spazierengehen’).
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 28, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order/Prohibition issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Frankfurt; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The [City] Council [of Frankfurt] prohibits non-Jews to work for Jews on the Sabbath and holidays.
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 7, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	[…] Jewish traders are forbidden to trade with Christian artifacts or [they] are to face a fine of 200 Scudi and punishment [to work] on galleys** […] The Christian buyer is to be fined the equal amount [of money] […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine. It was not uncommon to sentence people to hard labor, because no one wanted to be responsible for the ‘upkeep’ of prisoners who were behind bars, so all able-bodied convicts were usually put to work – for instance – on galleys as rowers or as stone lifters during big construction projects. This decree was reissued on May 28, 1614.*

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 9, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order/Prohibition issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	The [City] Council [of Frankfurt] prohibits Jews to sell wood in the Jewish-alley/ghetto (‘Judengasse’) lest they be fined 2 fl [Reichstahler].
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 17, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the City Senate of Worms
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Jews may not charge more than five percent interest.
5. Source	Worms (City). Kurtzer bewehrter Ausszuch [et]c. Der letzten Wormbser Judenordnung, wie sie Anno 1594. an etlichen orten Corrigiert vnd gebessert, im Newlich eröffneten Buchstaben geschrieben befunden (Brief Excerpt of the Most Recent Jew-Ordinance of Worms, Issued 1594, then Corrected and Improved, with New Letters). Vallo Francko, 1614. Page 96.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 7, 1614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the City Council of Chomutov Regarding Craftsmen and Jews
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Part of the Teutonic Order
4. Text of Act	[…] it is prohibited for master tanners and furriers to purchase hides and fur from Jews in their homes […] and to do business with them in violation of the ordinances ('privileges') of the [City] Council, as the purchasing of leather from them shall be completely abolished and ceased henceforth. In case, however, a craftsman is found to have violated this [ordinance] and has been found to have purchased from Jews in their homes […] these criminals and transgressors are to lose their license [to practice their craft] for one whole year.
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906); p. 835;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Intimation” on behalf of Emperor Matthias and Archduke Ferdinand addressed to the magistrate of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] His Royal Majesty, our gracious lord […] and Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria […] have resolved and permitted […] that the country-Jews (‘Landleuth Juden’)* may remain in the country(-side) and be allowed to apply to stay there (but not in Vienna) […] because they hold numerous pledges of Christians, which they cannot set right/settle before the prescribed 6 weeks [by which they are to leave…] however, none of them (remaining Jews) may enter into a [new] negotiation or trade, [but may only use this time to settle old contracts …] which one wishes to remind them herewith […].
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847 (1849). Herausgegeben und eingeleitet von A. F. Pribram. Erster Band. (Wien und Leipzig; 1918); (Official documents and files regarding the history of Jews in Vienna. First section, General part 1526-1847 (1849). Published and introduced by A. F. Pribram. First volume.); (Vienna and Leipzig; 1918)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *This appears to be referring to Jews who lived on the countryside. The original writ can be found in the City/State Archives of Vienna 16/1614.

1. Full Date of Act	1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued in Yiddish by the Polish Police
3. Geography of Act	Poland [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"One is permitted to wear only two rings on weekdays, four on the Sabbath, and six on the holidays. Both men and women are absolutely forbidden to wear precious stones. An exception is made in the case of a pregnant woman, who is permitted to wear a ring with a diamond because of its curative powers. Otherwise no exception will be made under penalty of three ducats."
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher Even though the text itself does not mention the word "Jew" in the text itself, the name of the decree is "Jewish Ordinance" and it was issued in Hebrew.