Acts – Page 59 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 23, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict of Expulsion issued by King Louis XIII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	[…] We have said, ordered, desired and declared: That these Jews, who live in our kingdom, will be required - on pain of death and the confiscation of all their property - to depart and withdraw from the same all together within a month after publication[…].
5. Source	François-André et al. Isambert (éd.), Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises, depuis 420 jusqu’à la révolution de 1789, Paris 1821, page 77. Accessed online.
6. Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 14, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] Jewish doctors are prohibited from preparing medicine for Christians […] or to cure them even in consultation with a Christian doctor […] or [they are to] face a fine of 25 Scudi […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 13, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting the leather and tanning trade.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[The] Tanners' Guild has presented various grievances, both for themselves and their families, which are leading to the breakdown of their livelihood. The disruptions are increasing due to various interferences from butchers, foreign traders, and Jews, and we have been petitioned for intervention. As we are inclined to support the Tanners' Guild more than ever, we have granted the following articles for their operation, which are to be followed strictly: … Foreigners may buy rough hides and skins at open markets and butcher stalls, but they are prohibited from selling them door to door or in homes. … Some foreign tanners, as well as some of our own, have been selling leather on feast days in and around the churches, especially during sermons and religious services. We prohibit this practice, and no leather may be sold during such times or in such places, under penalty of confiscation. … If any masters or workers of the Tanners' Guild report violations by interferers, particularly Jews, you are to provide them with reasonable assistance, so that offenders are duly punished.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 42-43, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher This Act was previously enacted in a law dated January 3, 1572. See the above source, p. 22. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com and Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree prohibiting Jewish participation in the leather trade.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Accordingly, our solemn order is that from now on no one, whoever he may be, should sell the hides in houses, fasten them, lay them out for profit, turn out the rough, or deal with them fraudulently in any other way, but should show and behave in accordance with this our order and custom, and bring the leather for sale and sell it on the open market, but that the Jews should not be permitted or allowed to do this in any way.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 43-44, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from having their meat ritually slaughtered in Christian butcheries or from selling this (kosher meat) to Christians […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 1201 Translation 2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 20, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” issued by the City Council
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	[…] The Jews of [the City of] Liben are no longer permitted to deliver/import meat to Prague. […]
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906); p. 857;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Upper Bavaria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "A new police order strengthens the expulsion of Jews from the dukedom of Bavaria. In addition, access to the territories is only permitted for those in transit and all subjects are prohibited from trading with Jews." "Chronologie zur Geschichte de Juden in Bayern (906 - 1945);" RIJO RESEARCH; rijo.homepage.t-online.de
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 12, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by Bishop Johann Gottfried v. Aschhausen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] 12) And so that one can distinguish Jews from Christians, each Jew shall wear a yellow ring on the right side of his coat, skirt, or sleeve […] publicly and easily noticeable when ever they wish to come into our city of Bamberg, or any of our other cities, markets, and places. The Jewish women, however, are to wear a yellow veil […] so that as soon as our mandate is published […] they [Jew] are to be fined ten gulden each time one or the other steps into our city and domain in the future without such signs, […] in areas where they (Jews) pay their customs/tolls, this is to be paid especial attention to. […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 8, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Settlement/Establishment Ordinance” (‘Juden Stättigkeit-Ordnung zue Frankfurth” issued as per Royal Mandate
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	We, Johann Schweickarth, […] Arch-Bishop of the Holy Roman Empire and Arch-Chancellor and Elector of German-lands (‘Germanien’) […] and We, Ludwig, Landgrave of Hesse, [….] announce and order herewith […] 1) All Jews and Jewesses who wish to be admitted to the Jewish-establishment/settlement of Frankfurt […] to swear an oath [manner of oath is outlined in detail over several pages … and] to be only loyal/subject to the city council and no one else […] Jews are not to lodge foreign Jews, whom they are not related to by third degree, more than 14 days. Schulklöpper* and the butcher (‘Schächter’) are not required to pay any settlement-fees; however, they are exempt from pursuing any other work. […] Jews may house foreign Jews during the market-times, however, not outside of regular market-times without special permission […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Sechster Theil. (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part six.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1799);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The Settlement/Establishment-Ordinance of Frankfurt is several pages long and contains 118 paragraphs. It has been heavily abbreviated here to fit the allocated space but can be found in its entirety in the cited source. It was drafted between February 28 - March 8, 1616. *A Schulklopfer is one who calls the Jewish community to prayer.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 25, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Matthias
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jewish butchers/meat traders/meat dealers ('Fleischhändler') are prohibited to sell meat on Sundays and on Christian holidays. […] Christians butchers/meat traders/meat dealers may confiscate/take away ('wegzunehmen') such Jewish meat according to common practice and to distribute/apply ('anzuwenden') it to schools, hospitals and prisons. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was withdrawn on July 15, 1657, when Jews plead with the Emperor that their ability to make a living and pay their contribution to the royal treasure would be diminished by such order. Although their appeal was granted at first, a prohibition to trade on Sundays and holidays was reissued and then confirmed on Aug. 26, 1672.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 2, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” the [City] Council of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	It has been decided/decreed that because a lot of Jews […] come in [to the city/bishopric], henceforth, Jews are to be required (‘angewießen werden sollen’) to get a permission slip (‘zettul’) from me [or my secretary] each time, which they must show/deliver (‘liefern sollen’) to the porter/gatekeeper (‘pförtner’) when they come in and leave […] in order to also see whether they have stayed past the time given to them in the permit.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 26, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Toll/Customs Ordinance for Seefeld” ('Zollordnung') (‘Mautordnung’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall pay (‘richtigmachen’)* a double-toll on all items they wish to import [into the land…]
5. Source	Rauscher, Peter: Den Christen gleich sein. Diskriminierung und Verdienstmöglichkeiten von Juden an österreichischen Mautstellen in der Frühen Neuzeit (16./17. Jahrhundert); (“Egal to Christians. Discrimination and Earning-Potential/Opportunity of Jews in Austrian Toll-Crossings”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *‘sollen die jueden alle von ihren wahren, sie führen, was sie wollen, doppelte maut richtigmachen.’ Even though, the text uses ‘rightigmachen,’ – which normally refers to [re]doing something properly – it most likely refers here to submitting and/or making a proper payment.

1. Full Date of Act	1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Expulsion of Jews from the Günzburg which belongs to the Austrian territories (Margravate of Burgau)" "Chronologie zur Geschichte de Juden in Bayern (906 - 1945);" RIJO RESEARCH; rijo.homepage.t-online.de
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew Ordinance, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Matthias, King of Germany, for the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	At night, on Sundays, and on Christian holy days, Jews shall remain in the Jew-Alley ['Judengasse,' a street designated to be the Jewish quarter], and they shall not be found within the city; to that end, the great gates at the beginning and end of the Jew-Alley shall be locked; and the Jews shall neither buy nor sell anything on Sundays and holidays. The Jews shall not be allowed to operate, without special dispensation, any market stalls or retail stores within the city, although they may sell merchandise while walking the city streets, carrying their wares. If a foreign Jew or Jewess should marry the son or daughter of a Frankfurt Jew, and is subsequently granted residence in the city, the fee for this grant is now increased from twelve guilders to twenty-five guilders in gold. Moreover, in the future, the number of Jewish households shall not exceed five hundred. Moreover, among the Jews born in the city, no more than twelve couples shall be allowed to marry in any given year.
5. Source	Herzig, Arno. Jüdisches Leben in Deutschland [Jewish Life in Germany]. Center for Political Education: Bonn, 2010. Page 26.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Conditions on Jewish Residency,” issued by the Duke’s Chancellory at Hohenems
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 2. [The Jews] may lend money, but only at 5 per cent annually. 3. All usury shall be forbidden to Jews. […] 7. They shall also behave modestly with regard to their religion, as not to seduce any subject or cause anger, nor undertake anything contrary to the Christian religion.
5. Source	Kaltenbaeck, Johann Paul (ed.). Oesterreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichts-und Staatskunde (Austrian Journal for History and Political Science). Vol. 100 (Vienna, 1836), p. 398.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 27, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Judgment” (‘Urteil’) issued by Emperor Matthias
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not be entitled to more than 5% in interests […]
5. Source	Der frühere und jetzige Zustand der Israeliten zu Frankfurt am Main. Von Dr. Johann Heinrich Bender, Advokaten daselbst. (Past and present conditions of Israelis of Frankfurt. By Johann Heinrich Bender, JD.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1833);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 9, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from keeping/employing Christian servants […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2018 Translation 1201
8. Notes	Researcher *The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine.

1. Full Date of Act	1618
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Toll/Tax Ordinance of Finstermünz,*" (Zollordnung) year 1618
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Jews passing through on foot pay 10 Kreuzer* those on horseback pay 20 Kreuzer**."
5. Source	Studien zur Geschichte und Gesellschaft Vorarlbergs. Regionalstudie zur Geschichte einer Weltanschauung [-] Antisemitismus in Vorarlberg. Herausgegeben von Werner Dreier in Zusammenarbeit mit der Johann-August-Malin-Gesellschaft. Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung in Wien, des Landes Voralberg, der Landeshauptstadt Bregenz sowie der Stadt Hohenems. (“Studies Regarding the History and Society of Voralberg. A Regional study Regarding the History of a Weltanschauung [-] Anti-Semitism in Voralsberg. Published by Werner Dreier in Cooperation with the Johann-August-Malin-Society. Printed with the support of the Federal Ministry for Science and Research in Vienna, the State of Voralberg, State Capital of Bregenz and the City of Hohenems.”); (Bregenz; 1988);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a summary of the original text from an authoritative source. Finstermünz (called now Altfinstermünz) is a strategic Medieval court city and border fortification which was set up on the order of Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1472. *A Kreuzer was a silver coin, which was worth about 5 pennies at that time. This means that Jews on foot had to pay an equivalent of 50 pennies; those on horseback 100 pennies to pass through Finstermünz.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 4, 1618
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Duke Johann Christian von Brieg addressed to the City Council of Wroclaw
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	[… the prince and the estates of the realm) have decided to diligently stop Jews in the cities and, especially, at the regular annual markets and to detain them until all past-due pensions (taxes) are properly paid at the general-tax-office. The [city] council is to proceed in the same manner against Jews who will be visiting the upcoming market in Wroclaw.
5. Source	Acta Publica. Verhandlungen und Correspondenzen der schlesischen Fürsten und Stände. Namens des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens herausgegeben von Dr. Julius Krebs, ord. Lehrer des Roalgymnasiums am Zwinger. VI Band: Die Jahre 1626-1627. (Breslau; 1885); (Official/public Acts. Negotiations and correspondence between the Silesian princes and the estates [of the realm]. Name of the Association for History and Antiquity of Silesia edited by Julius Krebs, PhD., proper/full-time teacher at Roalgymnasium at Zwinger. VI volume. The years 1626-1627. (Wroclaw; 1885);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 23, 1619
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Parliament which began on July 23 and closed on August 31
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] the house-tax of the Jew is to be 2 Schock and the capitation/head tax 4 and 2 Schock* […].
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Slesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher *Schock was a money unit common in the Kingdom of Saxony, Bohemia, and Silesia.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 21, 1619
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Archduke Leopold’s decree to the Commissioners who have been tasked with the collection of the Jewish contributions
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Jews are to pay 3000 Gulden to the 'war payment office' (Kriegszahlamt) immediately or one is to proceed against them with the full force of the law.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 53.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 21, 1619
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jewish Persecution" ordered by Shah Abbasi
3. Geography of Act	Persia; Present-day Iran; Sufi Dynasty
4. Text of Act	1. Jews are not permitted to dress like Muslims. 2. A Jew must exhibit a yellow or red 'badge of dishonor' on his chest. 3. Jews are not permitted to ride on a horse. […] 10. Upon disclosure of a disagreement between a Jew and Muslim, the Jew’s argument has no merit. 11. In Muslim cities, the Jew is forbidden to build a synagogue. 12. A Jew is not entitled to have his house built higher than a Muslim’s.
5. Source	Outcaste, Jewish Life in Southern Iran, by Laurence D. Loeb, New York 1977, page 292.
6. Researcher	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 26, 1620
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Directive of the Lower-Austrian Government and Chamber to the Contribution Commissioners
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	In response to a report issued by the hired Commissioners, in which We are notified that Jews are refusing to pay the required contributions, an order is issued that they are to be threatened with having their synagogues and businesses closed, if they [continue to] refuse [to oblige].
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 54.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 2, 1620
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Directive of the Lower-Austrian government and chamber to the Contribution Commissioner Hurlacher
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] that if the Jews are refusing to pay the required contributions, the commissioners are to proceed with the 'execution in all seriousness.'
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 54.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher An earlier decree required Jews to pay 17,000 Gulden to the “war payment office.” A similar directive was sent to Commissioner Blum on July 4, 1620

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 7, 1620
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the [City] Council of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	Since it has been noticed that many Jews sneak in […] under the guise of their made-up legal dealings but instead engage in usury and loan money on pledges/pawns […] it has been decided that henceforth each Jew who wishes to apply for protection shall be referred to me or my secretary in order that his name and length of protection can be recorded. […] those who do not stay overnight shall pay a fee of 2 s[hillings], of which 18 d[enars] are to be submitted to the treasury (‘siegelkaste’)*, 6 d[enars] to me […] the secretary. Those who stay one or more nights, shall pay 3 s[hillings] for each night of their stay, of which 2 s[shillings] shall go to the treasury (‘siegelkaste’) and 1 s[hiling] to me, secretary for each entry/annotation/permit.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The Council later reduces the fee to one schilling per day and per night in response to various pleas from Jews.