Acts – Page 59 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1609
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Marranos expelled from England
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "As a result of enquiries by the Lord Chamberlain all Portuguese merchants suspected of Judaising were expelled." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 28
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1610
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull of Pope Paul V
3. Geography of Act	Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Regulates dowries of Roman Jews." Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1610
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Confinement of Jews into a Ghetto” issued by Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Mantua
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) In Mantua, Jews were required to live in a walled ghetto. The gates of the ghetto were locked at sunset and unlocked at dawn. Morgan, Howard: So Deeply Scarred: A History of “Christian” Anti-Semitism (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1611
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by Pope Paul V
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	…persons of Jewish descent shall not be admitted to canonicates of cathedrals, dignities in brotherhoods, and offices entrusted with the care of souls.
5. Source	“Constantine’s Sword.” James Carroll. Page 381
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1611
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Admission patent and Jewish regulations for the city of Mutzig, issued by Jacob von Landsperge.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	[We] hereby confess and enshrine this letter, for myself and my descendants, that I,… have accepted and entrusted the Jews,… as well as all their property and goods, to my protection and shelter in my dominion, in Mutzig or Herboltzheim, and receive and accept them in enshrinement in this letter, so that I shall and will protect, shield and defend them for the next five consecutive years following the date of this letter, as well as other Jews in this country … therefore every Jew should pay, hand over and give me for the first three years, each separately on Martin's Episcopal Day and the following year, four pounds ten shillings,… when the above-mentioned first three years have passed, I have the power to demand from the Jews another ten shillings.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p.142-144, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 30, 1611
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Expulsion of un-liberated Jews ordered by Matthias II of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	We, Matthias of Ander, etc. […]: Like Our beloved Lord and brother, his Royal Majesty, we had graciously allowed numerous Jews to live well, stay, and do business so long there are no complains or damages to Our citizens, ... and trades people. However, we have found through serious daily complaints from citizens, ... and trades people that since this permission was granted, numerous Jews from everywhere have come to the city of Vienna without permission or authorization, and are not only passing through without permission, but are also setting up their own businesses (Gewelder)* and other such things and weaken Our citizens and are even sending some of them into the ruin. However, since Our office was appointed to us by a Christian King […] we are no longer going to allow that Our loyal Christian citizens are driven into poverty and ruin by the Jews, but […] order finally and with all seriousness that all Jews who do not have a special 'free letter' (Freybief) – are to leave the city of Vienna and Burckfrid with their wives, children, 'themselves' and their possessions within 3 months of issuance of this general edict, and that after the three months are over, no one (Jew) is allowed to be return back in or to do business.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 44.
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher Could not find any definition as to what "Gewelder" were, possibly a modification of the word "Gewerbe" which means "businesses" - Christian traders where afraid of Jews opening up their own "free" businesses.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1612
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Grand-Bailiff (‘Großvogt’) of Calenberg Lucas Langemantel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Principality of Calenberg
4. Text of Act	[…] Grand-Bailiff (‘Großvogt’) of Calenberg Lucas Langemantel has the Jewish temple just before Hannover […] and the newly built Jewish homes/houses destroyed as per the order of the prince (‘auf Fürstl. Befehl’) […].
5. Source	Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. Herausgegeben von Dr. O. Jürgens. 5. Jahrgang. 1902. (Historical documents/sheets of Hannover. Published by O. Jürgen, PhD. 5th annual issue. 1902.); (Hannover; 1902);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 2, 1612
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resolution Regarding Appropriate Behavior for the Jews” issued by the Magistrates of Amsterdam, 5/2/1612*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Holland
4. Text of Act	[…] It has been found that some among them [Jews] exercise very great and unchecked license to visit and converse with the women and daughters of these lands: this not only causes great vexation in the City and its environs, but also produces other harmful results. There is no longer any intention of tolerating this, but to punish appropriately the offenses that have been committed. […] they [Jews] will be admonished not to speak or to write, and to ensure that nothing be spoken or written, which could in any way serve to harm our Christian faith; nor to entice any Christian person away from our Christian faith or to circumcise such a person, not to have sexual intercourse with any Christian women or daughters in or out of wedlock, even if they are of ill repute. […] It is the intention of the Magistrate of the Court to proceed severely against offenders and violators of the Christian Religion […]. The excuse of ignorance will not be accepted.
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Initial document has been lost. The resolution was reissued in November of 1616.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 23, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order/Prohibition issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	The [City] Council [of Frankfurt] prohibits Jews to purchase meat and to go for a public [leisurely] walk (‘spazierengehen’).
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 28, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order/Prohibition issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Frankfurt; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The [City] Council [of Frankfurt] prohibits non-Jews to work for Jews on the Sabbath and holidays.
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 7, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	[…] Jewish traders are forbidden to trade with Christian artifacts or [they] are to face a fine of 200 Scudi and punishment [to work] on galleys** […] The Christian buyer is to be fined the equal amount [of money] […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine. It was not uncommon to sentence people to hard labor, because no one wanted to be responsible for the ‘upkeep’ of prisoners who were behind bars, so all able-bodied convicts were usually put to work – for instance – on galleys as rowers or as stone lifters during big construction projects. This decree was reissued on May 28, 1614.*

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 9, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order/Prohibition issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	The [City] Council [of Frankfurt] prohibits Jews to sell wood in the Jewish-alley/ghetto (‘Judengasse’) lest they be fined 2 fl [Reichstahler].
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 17, 1613
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the City Senate of Worms
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Jews may not charge more than five percent interest.
5. Source	Worms (City). Kurtzer bewehrter Ausszuch [et]c. Der letzten Wormbser Judenordnung, wie sie Anno 1594. an etlichen orten Corrigiert vnd gebessert, im Newlich eröffneten Buchstaben geschrieben befunden (Brief Excerpt of the Most Recent Jew-Ordinance of Worms, Issued 1594, then Corrected and Improved, with New Letters). Vallo Francko, 1614. Page 96.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 7, 1614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the City Council of Chomutov Regarding Craftsmen and Jews
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Part of the Teutonic Order
4. Text of Act	[…] it is prohibited for master tanners and furriers to purchase hides and fur from Jews in their homes […] and to do business with them in violation of the ordinances ('privileges') of the [City] Council, as the purchasing of leather from them shall be completely abolished and ceased henceforth. In case, however, a craftsman is found to have violated this [ordinance] and has been found to have purchased from Jews in their homes […] these criminals and transgressors are to lose their license [to practice their craft] for one whole year.
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906); p. 835;
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Intimation” on behalf of Emperor Matthias and Archduke Ferdinand addressed to the magistrate of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] His Royal Majesty, our gracious lord […] and Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria […] have resolved and permitted […] that the country-Jews (‘Landleuth Juden’)* may remain in the country(-side) and be allowed to apply to stay there (but not in Vienna) […] because they hold numerous pledges of Christians, which they cannot set right/settle before the prescribed 6 weeks [by which they are to leave…] however, none of them (remaining Jews) may enter into a [new] negotiation or trade, [but may only use this time to settle old contracts …] which one wishes to remind them herewith […].
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847 (1849). Herausgegeben und eingeleitet von A. F. Pribram. Erster Band. (Wien und Leipzig; 1918); (Official documents and files regarding the history of Jews in Vienna. First section, General part 1526-1847 (1849). Published and introduced by A. F. Pribram. First volume.); (Vienna and Leipzig; 1918)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *This appears to be referring to Jews who lived on the countryside. The original writ can be found in the City/State Archives of Vienna 16/1614.

1. Full Date of Act	1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued in Yiddish by the Polish Police
3. Geography of Act	Poland [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"One is permitted to wear only two rings on weekdays, four on the Sabbath, and six on the holidays. Both men and women are absolutely forbidden to wear precious stones. An exception is made in the case of a pregnant woman, who is permitted to wear a ring with a diamond because of its curative powers. Otherwise no exception will be made under penalty of three ducats."
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Even though the text itself does not mention the word "Jew" in the text itself, the name of the decree is "Jewish Ordinance" and it was issued in Hebrew.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 23, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict of Expulsion issued by King Louis XIII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	[…] We have said, ordered, desired and declared: That these Jews, who live in our kingdom, will be required - on pain of death and the confiscation of all their property - to depart and withdraw from the same all together within a month after publication[…].
5. Source	François-André et al. Isambert (éd.), Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises, depuis 420 jusqu’à la révolution de 1789, Paris 1821, page 77. Accessed online.
6. Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 14, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] Jewish doctors are prohibited from preparing medicine for Christians […] or to cure them even in consultation with a Christian doctor […] or [they are to] face a fine of 25 Scudi […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 13, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting the leather and tanning trade.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[The] Tanners' Guild has presented various grievances, both for themselves and their families, which are leading to the breakdown of their livelihood. The disruptions are increasing due to various interferences from butchers, foreign traders, and Jews, and we have been petitioned for intervention. As we are inclined to support the Tanners' Guild more than ever, we have granted the following articles for their operation, which are to be followed strictly: … Foreigners may buy rough hides and skins at open markets and butcher stalls, but they are prohibited from selling them door to door or in homes. … Some foreign tanners, as well as some of our own, have been selling leather on feast days in and around the churches, especially during sermons and religious services. We prohibit this practice, and no leather may be sold during such times or in such places, under penalty of confiscation. … If any masters or workers of the Tanners' Guild report violations by interferers, particularly Jews, you are to provide them with reasonable assistance, so that offenders are duly punished.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 42-43, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This Act was previously enacted in a law dated January 3, 1572. See the above source, p. 22. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com and Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 24, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree prohibiting Jewish participation in the leather trade.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Accordingly, our solemn order is that from now on no one, whoever he may be, should sell the hides in houses, fasten them, lay them out for profit, turn out the rough, or deal with them fraudulently in any other way, but should show and behave in accordance with this our order and custom, and bring the leather for sale and sell it on the open market, but that the Jews should not be permitted or allowed to do this in any way.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 43-44, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from having their meat ritually slaughtered in Christian butcheries or from selling this (kosher meat) to Christians […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 20, 1615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” issued by the City Council
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	[…] The Jews of [the City of] Liben are no longer permitted to deliver/import meat to Prague. […]
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906); p. 857;
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Upper Bavaria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "A new police order strengthens the expulsion of Jews from the dukedom of Bavaria. In addition, access to the territories is only permitted for those in transit and all subjects are prohibited from trading with Jews." "Chronologie zur Geschichte de Juden in Bayern (906 - 1945);" RIJO RESEARCH; rijo.homepage.t-online.de
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 12, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by Bishop Johann Gottfried v. Aschhausen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] 12) And so that one can distinguish Jews from Christians, each Jew shall wear a yellow ring on the right side of his coat, skirt, or sleeve […] publicly and easily noticeable when ever they wish to come into our city of Bamberg, or any of our other cities, markets, and places. The Jewish women, however, are to wear a yellow veil […] so that as soon as our mandate is published […] they [Jew] are to be fined ten gulden each time one or the other steps into our city and domain in the future without such signs, […] in areas where they (Jews) pay their customs/tolls, this is to be paid especial attention to. […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 8, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Settlement/Establishment Ordinance” (‘Juden Stättigkeit-Ordnung zue Frankfurth” issued as per Royal Mandate
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	We, Johann Schweickarth, […] Arch-Bishop of the Holy Roman Empire and Arch-Chancellor and Elector of German-lands (‘Germanien’) […] and We, Ludwig, Landgrave of Hesse, [….] announce and order herewith […] 1) All Jews and Jewesses who wish to be admitted to the Jewish-establishment/settlement of Frankfurt […] to swear an oath [manner of oath is outlined in detail over several pages … and] to be only loyal/subject to the city council and no one else […] Jews are not to lodge foreign Jews, whom they are not related to by third degree, more than 14 days. Schulklöpper* and the butcher (‘Schächter’) are not required to pay any settlement-fees; however, they are exempt from pursuing any other work. […] Jews may house foreign Jews during the market-times, however, not outside of regular market-times without special permission […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Sechster Theil. (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part six.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1799);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The Settlement/Establishment-Ordinance of Frankfurt is several pages long and contains 118 paragraphs. It has been heavily abbreviated here to fit the allocated space but can be found in its entirety in the cited source. It was drafted between February 28 - March 8, 1616. *A Schulklopfer is one who calls the Jewish community to prayer.