Acts – Page 60 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 25, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Matthias
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jewish butchers/meat traders/meat dealers ('Fleischhändler') are prohibited to sell meat on Sundays and on Christian holidays. […] Christians butchers/meat traders/meat dealers may confiscate/take away ('wegzunehmen') such Jewish meat according to common practice and to distribute/apply ('anzuwenden') it to schools, hospitals and prisons. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was withdrawn on July 15, 1657, when Jews plead with the Emperor that their ability to make a living and pay their contribution to the royal treasure would be diminished by such order. Although their appeal was granted at first, a prohibition to trade on Sundays and holidays was reissued and then confirmed on Aug. 26, 1672.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 2, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” the [City] Council of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	It has been decided/decreed that because a lot of Jews […] come in [to the city/bishopric], henceforth, Jews are to be required (‘angewießen werden sollen’) to get a permission slip (‘zettul’) from me [or my secretary] each time, which they must show/deliver (‘liefern sollen’) to the porter/gatekeeper (‘pförtner’) when they come in and leave […] in order to also see whether they have stayed past the time given to them in the permit.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 26, 1616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Toll/Customs Ordinance for Seefeld” ('Zollordnung') (‘Mautordnung’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall pay (‘richtigmachen’)* a double-toll on all items they wish to import [into the land…]
5. Source	Rauscher, Peter: Den Christen gleich sein. Diskriminierung und Verdienstmöglichkeiten von Juden an österreichischen Mautstellen in der Frühen Neuzeit (16./17. Jahrhundert); (“Egal to Christians. Discrimination and Earning-Potential/Opportunity of Jews in Austrian Toll-Crossings”)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *‘sollen die jueden alle von ihren wahren, sie führen, was sie wollen, doppelte maut richtigmachen.’ Even though, the text uses ‘rightigmachen,’ – which normally refers to [re]doing something properly – it most likely refers here to submitting and/or making a proper payment.

1. Full Date of Act	1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Expulsion of Jews from the Günzburg which belongs to the Austrian territories (Margravate of Burgau)" "Chronologie zur Geschichte de Juden in Bayern (906 - 1945);" RIJO RESEARCH; rijo.homepage.t-online.de
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew Ordinance, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Matthias, King of Germany, for the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	At night, on Sundays, and on Christian holy days, Jews shall remain in the Jew-Alley ['Judengasse,' a street designated to be the Jewish quarter], and they shall not be found within the city; to that end, the great gates at the beginning and end of the Jew-Alley shall be locked; and the Jews shall neither buy nor sell anything on Sundays and holidays. The Jews shall not be allowed to operate, without special dispensation, any market stalls or retail stores within the city, although they may sell merchandise while walking the city streets, carrying their wares. If a foreign Jew or Jewess should marry the son or daughter of a Frankfurt Jew, and is subsequently granted residence in the city, the fee for this grant is now increased from twelve guilders to twenty-five guilders in gold. Moreover, in the future, the number of Jewish households shall not exceed five hundred. Moreover, among the Jews born in the city, no more than twelve couples shall be allowed to marry in any given year.
5. Source	Herzig, Arno. Jüdisches Leben in Deutschland [Jewish Life in Germany]. Center for Political Education: Bonn, 2010. Page 26.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Conditions on Jewish Residency,” issued by the Duke’s Chancellory at Hohenems
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 2. [The Jews] may lend money, but only at 5 per cent annually. 3. All usury shall be forbidden to Jews. […] 7. They shall also behave modestly with regard to their religion, as not to seduce any subject or cause anger, nor undertake anything contrary to the Christian religion.
5. Source	Kaltenbaeck, Johann Paul (ed.). Oesterreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichts-und Staatskunde (Austrian Journal for History and Political Science). Vol. 100 (Vienna, 1836), p. 398.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 27, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Judgment” (‘Urteil’) issued by Emperor Matthias
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not be entitled to more than 5% in interests […]
5. Source	Der frühere und jetzige Zustand der Israeliten zu Frankfurt am Main. Von Dr. Johann Heinrich Bender, Advokaten daselbst. (Past and present conditions of Israelis of Frankfurt. By Johann Heinrich Bender, JD.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1833);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 9, 1617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from keeping/employing Christian servants […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	1201
8. Notes	Researcher *The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine.

1. Full Date of Act	1618
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Toll/Tax Ordinance of Finstermünz,*" (Zollordnung) year 1618
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Jews passing through on foot pay 10 Kreuzer* those on horseback pay 20 Kreuzer**."
5. Source	Studien zur Geschichte und Gesellschaft Vorarlbergs. Regionalstudie zur Geschichte einer Weltanschauung [-] Antisemitismus in Vorarlberg. Herausgegeben von Werner Dreier in Zusammenarbeit mit der Johann-August-Malin-Gesellschaft. Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung in Wien, des Landes Voralberg, der Landeshauptstadt Bregenz sowie der Stadt Hohenems. (“Studies Regarding the History and Society of Voralberg. A Regional study Regarding the History of a Weltanschauung [-] Anti-Semitism in Voralsberg. Published by Werner Dreier in Cooperation with the Johann-August-Malin-Society. Printed with the support of the Federal Ministry for Science and Research in Vienna, the State of Voralberg, State Capital of Bregenz and the City of Hohenems.”); (Bregenz; 1988);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a summary of the original text from an authoritative source. Finstermünz (called now Altfinstermünz) is a strategic Medieval court city and border fortification which was set up on the order of Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1472. *A Kreuzer was a silver coin, which was worth about 5 pennies at that time. This means that Jews on foot had to pay an equivalent of 50 pennies; those on horseback 100 pennies to pass through Finstermünz.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 4, 1618
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Duke Johann Christian von Brieg addressed to the City Council of Wroclaw
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	[… the prince and the estates of the realm) have decided to diligently stop Jews in the cities and, especially, at the regular annual markets and to detain them until all past-due pensions (taxes) are properly paid at the general-tax-office. The [city] council is to proceed in the same manner against Jews who will be visiting the upcoming market in Wroclaw.
5. Source	Acta Publica. Verhandlungen und Correspondenzen der schlesischen Fürsten und Stände. Namens des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens herausgegeben von Dr. Julius Krebs, ord. Lehrer des Roalgymnasiums am Zwinger. VI Band: Die Jahre 1626-1627. (Breslau; 1885); (Official/public Acts. Negotiations and correspondence between the Silesian princes and the estates [of the realm]. Name of the Association for History and Antiquity of Silesia edited by Julius Krebs, PhD., proper/full-time teacher at Roalgymnasium at Zwinger. VI volume. The years 1626-1627. (Wroclaw; 1885);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 23, 1619
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Parliament which began on July 23 and closed on August 31
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] the house-tax of the Jew is to be 2 Schock and the capitation/head tax 4 and 2 Schock* […].
5. Source	Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Slesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher *Schock was a money unit common in the Kingdom of Saxony, Bohemia, and Silesia.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 21, 1619
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Archduke Leopold’s decree to the Commissioners who have been tasked with the collection of the Jewish contributions
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Jews are to pay 3000 Gulden to the 'war payment office' (Kriegszahlamt) immediately or one is to proceed against them with the full force of the law.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 53.
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 21, 1619
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jewish Persecution" ordered by Shah Abbasi
3. Geography of Act	Persia; Present-day Iran; Sufi Dynasty
4. Text of Act	1. Jews are not permitted to dress like Muslims. 2. A Jew must exhibit a yellow or red 'badge of dishonor' on his chest. 3. Jews are not permitted to ride on a horse. […] 10. Upon disclosure of a disagreement between a Jew and Muslim, the Jew’s argument has no merit. 11. In Muslim cities, the Jew is forbidden to build a synagogue. 12. A Jew is not entitled to have his house built higher than a Muslim’s.
5. Source	Outcaste, Jewish Life in Southern Iran, by Laurence D. Loeb, New York 1977, page 292.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 26, 1620
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Directive of the Lower-Austrian Government and Chamber to the Contribution Commissioners
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	In response to a report issued by the hired Commissioners, in which We are notified that Jews are refusing to pay the required contributions, an order is issued that they are to be threatened with having their synagogues and businesses closed, if they [continue to] refuse [to oblige].
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 54.
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 2, 1620
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Directive of the Lower-Austrian government and chamber to the Contribution Commissioner Hurlacher
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] that if the Jews are refusing to pay the required contributions, the commissioners are to proceed with the 'execution in all seriousness.'
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 54.
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher An earlier decree required Jews to pay 17,000 Gulden to the “war payment office.” A similar directive was sent to Commissioner Blum on July 4, 1620

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 7, 1620
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the [City] Council of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	Since it has been noticed that many Jews sneak in […] under the guise of their made-up legal dealings but instead engage in usury and loan money on pledges/pawns […] it has been decided that henceforth each Jew who wishes to apply for protection shall be referred to me or my secretary in order that his name and length of protection can be recorded. […] those who do not stay overnight shall pay a fee of 2 s[hillings], of which 18 d[enars] are to be submitted to the treasury (‘siegelkaste’)*, 6 d[enars] to me […] the secretary. Those who stay one or more nights, shall pay 3 s[hillings] for each night of their stay, of which 2 s[shillings] shall go to the treasury (‘siegelkaste’) and 1 s[hiling] to me, secretary for each entry/annotation/permit.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The Council later reduces the fee to one schilling per day and per night in response to various pleas from Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 13, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Protection Edict During the Time of the Carnival” issued by Pope Gregory XV
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from dancing during [the time of the] carnival […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	1201
8. Notes	Researcher This prohibition was initially issued by the Holy Office in 1616.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Prohibition to export coins"
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Lower-Austrian Chamber is prohibiting the Jews of Vienna the exporting and hijacking of coins.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 62.
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 19, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“From a Court Finance Registry”
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	The Lower-Austrian chamber is to stop the Jews – under the threat of punishment – and to make them print smaller coin types; at the same time, it is to be reported back as to why they had failed to do so until now.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918, p. 62.
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 11, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Seventh State Ordinance
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	22) We also further order with all seriousness that none of our subjects borrow anything from the Jews, deal with them, or engage in usurious business, on pain of loss of life and property, and expulsion from the duchy. … 26) No one, whoever he may be, shall become a surety or debtor for any of the Jews' debtors, or provide a security for them.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 1, Tübingen, 1841, pp. 765-766, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1622
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Behavior Code of Abul Hassan Lari
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Iran [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"2. Jews may not circulate freely among the Believers. 3. In their stores Jews must sit on low stools, in order that they not see the purchaser’s face. 4. Jews must wear a specially constructed hat of eleven colors. 5. Around this hat they must sew a yellow ribbon three meters long. 6. Women must tie little bells on their sandals. […]"
5. Source	Outcaste, Jewish Life in Southern Iran, by Laurence D. Loeb, New York 1977 page 2922/2017
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 29, 1622
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish-Ordinance of Münster” (‘Münsterische Judenordnung’) issued by Prince-Bischop Christoph Bernhard von Galen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, we Christoph Bernard, Bishop of Münster of the Holy Roman Empire […] publicly announce herewith […] that we have found that a great number of unprotected foreign Jews enter into our stift* not only as they please, but also without our given permission […] and roam around in our cities, villages and places to the detriment of our domain (’hohe regalien’) and our subjects […] we wish […] to have the aforementioned (Jews) chased out of our domain with all seriousness and to confiscate their goods to set an example […] or to proceed against them with other ways of punishments, and so we wish to warn all foreign unprotected Jews who sneak into our domain in order to obviate them from damages/punishment in all seriousness with this our public edict and patent […].
5. Source	Universität Münster. Münsterische Judenordrung (University of Münster. Jewish Ordinance of Münster); www.uni-muenster.de; Accessed online;
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher *A Stift was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1622
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order concerning Jews entering the City of Kaufbeuren
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	It is decided that from now on Jews will not be allowed to spend more than three hours in the city on market day. And for each hour they have to pay 12 Kreutzer to their assigned guardian. […]
5. Source	Text collections of the City Archive of Kaufbeuren (Literalien des Staedtischen Archivs) B4 1614-1628, page 154. Many thanks to the City Archive of Kaufbeuren for providing the source.
6. Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 8, 1623
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Swabian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[… Jews] are henceforth to be permitted to enter the city [of Öttingen] only during the time of the annual markets/fairs ('Jahrmärkte') […] but otherwise be limited to help themselves (to purchase food items) before [they enter through] the gates ('vor den Thoren'). […]
5. Source	Historischer Verein für Schwaben: Zeitschrifen des Historischen Vereins für Schwaben, Band 24-31 (“Historical Society for Swabia: Journals of the Historical Society, Volume 24-31”)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was issued in response to complaints brought forth by citizens that Jews from Steinhard and Trendel were purchasing food items and increasing prices.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 11, 1623
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Archduke of Austria addressed to the City Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	It is Archduke of Austria’s request that Jews pay him the 100,000 Rthr [Reichsthaler], which they had promised to Count von Mansfeld.
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Austria