Acts – Page 60 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 13, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Protection Edict During the Time of the Carnival” issued by Pope Gregory XV
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from dancing during [the time of the] carnival […].
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2018 Translation 1201
8. Notes	Researcher This prohibition was initially issued by the Holy Office in 1616.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Prohibition to export coins"
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Lower-Austrian Chamber is prohibiting the Jews of Vienna the exporting and hijacking of coins.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 62.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 19, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“From a Court Finance Registry”
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	The Lower-Austrian chamber is to stop the Jews – under the threat of punishment – and to make them print smaller coin types; at the same time, it is to be reported back as to why they had failed to do so until now.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918, p. 62.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 11, 1621
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Seventh State Ordinance
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	22) We also further order with all seriousness that none of our subjects borrow anything from the Jews, deal with them, or engage in usurious business, on pain of loss of life and property, and expulsion from the duchy. … 26) No one, whoever he may be, shall become a surety or debtor for any of the Jews' debtors, or provide a security for them.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 1, Tübingen, 1841, pp. 765-766, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1622
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Behavior Code of Abul Hassan Lari
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Iran [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"2. Jews may not circulate freely among the Believers. 3. In their stores Jews must sit on low stools, in order that they not see the purchaser’s face. 4. Jews must wear a specially constructed hat of eleven colors. 5. Around this hat they must sew a yellow ribbon three meters long. 6. Women must tie little bells on their sandals. […]"
5. Source	Outcaste, Jewish Life in Southern Iran, by Laurence D. Loeb, New York 1977 page 2922/2017
6. Researcher	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 29, 1622
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish-Ordinance of Münster” (‘Münsterische Judenordnung’) issued by Prince-Bischop Christoph Bernhard von Galen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, we Christoph Bernard, Bishop of Münster of the Holy Roman Empire […] publicly announce herewith […] that we have found that a great number of unprotected foreign Jews enter into our stift* not only as they please, but also without our given permission […] and roam around in our cities, villages and places to the detriment of our domain (’hohe regalien’) and our subjects […] we wish […] to have the aforementioned (Jews) chased out of our domain with all seriousness and to confiscate their goods to set an example […] or to proceed against them with other ways of punishments, and so we wish to warn all foreign unprotected Jews who sneak into our domain in order to obviate them from damages/punishment in all seriousness with this our public edict and patent […].
5. Source	Universität Münster. Münsterische Judenordrung (University of Münster. Jewish Ordinance of Münster); www.uni-muenster.de; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher *A Stift was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 8, 1622
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order concerning Jews entering the City of Kaufbeuren
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	It is decided that from now on Jews will not be allowed to spend more than three hours in the city on market day. And for each hour they have to pay 12 Kreutzer to their assigned guardian. […]
5. Source	Text collections of the City Archive of Kaufbeuren (Literalien des Staedtischen Archivs) B4 1614-1628, page 154. Many thanks to the City Archive of Kaufbeuren for providing the source.
6. Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 8, 1623
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Swabian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[… Jews] are henceforth to be permitted to enter the city [of Öttingen] only during the time of the annual markets/fairs ('Jahrmärkte') […] but otherwise be limited to help themselves (to purchase food items) before [they enter through] the gates ('vor den Thoren'). […]
5. Source	Historischer Verein für Schwaben: Zeitschrifen des Historischen Vereins für Schwaben, Band 24-31 (“Historical Society for Swabia: Journals of the Historical Society, Volume 24-31”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was issued in response to complaints brought forth by citizens that Jews from Steinhard and Trendel were purchasing food items and increasing prices.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 11, 1623
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Archduke of Austria addressed to the City Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	It is Archduke of Austria’s request that Jews pay him the 100,000 Rthr [Reichsthaler], which they had promised to Count von Mansfeld.
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.); (Göttingen; 2010)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Austria

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 21, 1623
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Wine Tax” command issued by the Secret Council
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Because it has come to the Kaiser’s attention that the Jews have started to do a lot of business with wine in this last year, 'Handgrafs'* Kayser and […] Blum are asked to conduct house searches of all Jews in Vienna and to request a 6 Schilling surcharge for every bucket [of wine] they find and to deliver [the money] to the 'War Payment Office.'**
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918, Pages 78-79.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher A translation for the title “Handgraf” could not be found, but may signify an office or royal title.” * The “War Payment Office” (Kriegszahlamt) was the office that collected money for the ongoing wars.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 28, 1623
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Circular” issued by Bishop Johann Georg II
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] 72) if the Jews do not honor or revere the holy sacrament or the priest, they are to be turned over to the secular authorities […] 77) Christians and Jews are not to consort with each other […] or go drinking/pubbing together (‘kneipen’)*. […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The German word "kneipen" is used here as a verb and refers to drinking at a pub or going drinking from pub to pub.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 22, 1623
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Special Decree issued by Ferdinand II
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	The Jews of Vienna are to refrain from purchasing, melting and exporting of silver or 'Pagament'* as per the highest Jewish ban or […] to lose their privileges and to face corporal punishment and confiscation.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918, Page 82.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher *"Pagament" may be a variation on the current German word "Pergament" as in "Pergamentpapier" which refers to parchment paper and was probably rather valuable back then.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 24, 1624
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Coronation Tax” issued by Emperor Ferdinand II
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	Emperor Ferdinand orders all Jews of the Empire to submit a coronation-tax of one Gold-Gulden sacrifice-penny* each year around Christmas to his royal chamber and threatens severe punishment if such payments are not made to his representative Dr. […] Reinhard Walmerode […]
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original text.

1. Full Date of Act	May 13, 1624
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order of the Council” issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	Jews are to lose all interests and capital on debts they hold against the common folk which remained un-dunned for 2 years.
5. Source	Kurzer Abriss. Geschichte der Israeliten. Frankfurt a Main. (“Short outline. History of the Israelis. Frankfurt a. Main”); www.archive.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above decision was reissued on November 8, 1630, mitigated by an imperial decree.

1. Full Date of Act	May 29, 1624
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Prince-Bishop Karl von Liechtenstein
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] it has come to Our attention, that on Sundays and holidays and other days that the holy church has decreed to be annual festivals and commemoration days, not only the Jews themselves engage regularly in business and trading practices in the Jewish alley (‘Judengasse’) in the old-town of Prague, but also a few individuals who call themselves Christians, who give themselves permission, to sell various items and reap benefit from it in the aforementioned alley. […] on Sundays and holidays, neither Jews nor Christians shall engage in any trade and business practices in the Jewish quarters […] Jews are [also] strictly prohibited to leave their city (Jewish quarters) during those days. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 24, 1625
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Document/Letter” of Prince-Elector Ferdinand of Cologne to the [City] Council of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	To our worthy and honorable […] chancellor and council of Münster [… we] Ferdinand, by the grace of God Archbishop to Cologne (‘ertzbischoff zu Coln’) and Prince-Elector and Bishop of Paderborn, Luttig and Münster […] have attached the patents and commissions/regulations which the Holy Roman Emperors have issued/have asked to be issued […] for the protected Jews/Jewry in terms of the coronation-tax and the tenth penny (‘zehenden pfennings halber […] ('erteilen laßen’) […] and since we wish to collect the same fee, we graciously order herewith […] that you should find out from the chancellery or such if these [taxes] have been collected and when […] and that such taxes (including those due in the past) are submitted obediently and continue to be submitted in the future.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This document is noteworthy because Ferdinand bases his demands for additional payments from the Jewry on Kaiser Ferdinand’s decree - effectively making the same demands from the Jewry in his own territory.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1625
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] Jew are prohibited to engage or part-take in [the celebration of] carnival (‘Fasching’) or such pastimes during the present days of fasting and penance. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 16, 1625
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Instructions for Residency" ordinance issued on behalf of the Kaisers to the "Court War President" (Hofkriegspräsidenten) Duke Collalto
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	From His Royal Majesty, […] also to Hungary and Bohemia and Archduke of Austria […] to Duke of Collalto, […] that he is to be told that His Royal Majesty have decided to separate the Jews from the Christian folk and that a place outside of the city is to be designated to which they can be relocated […] it is His Royal Majesty’s will and order that 'Mr. Duke' is to remove all Jews who live in the cities and in the land […] with all seriousness, and that no Jew is to remain overnight in any city […].
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 97.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1626
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish-Ordinance” issued by the Council of the Imperial City of Wimpfen,* year 1626
3. Geography of Act	Imperial City of Wimpfen; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] Only four Jewish families chosen by the council are to be taken into protection (allowed to settle) but not as citizens […] they are to swear an Jewish oath to be loyal and good to the city. They are not to blaspheme Jesus’s name. Foreign Jews are to stay no more than one night. The Jews are to live in two houses and may not posses property/real estate. They are only to charge 5% in interest, usury is prohibited, they are prohibited from purchasing stolen goods. […] Honesty is strongly suggested. They are to wear yellow rings on their dresses or coats, so that they can be recognized. On Christian holy-days, they may not work, ride (horse etc.), drive, and must avoid the street. […]”
5. Source	Geschichte der Reichstadt Wimpfen, Ritterstifts St. Peter zu Wimpfen in Thal des Dominicanerklosters und des Hospitals zum hl. Geist zu Wimpfen am Berg. Nach Urkunden zusammengestellt von Ludwig Frohnhäuser, Pfarrverwalter; (Darmstadt; 1870); (History of the Imperial City of Wimpfen, of the Knightly-Stift St. Peter of Wimpfen in the Valley of the Dominican monastery and the Hospital of the holy spirit of Wimpfen at the mountain. According to official documents by Ludwig Frohnhäuser, Parish Administrator); (Darmstadt; 1870);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *This summary of the Jewish ordinance of Wimpfen was first issued in 1598.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 24, 1626
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Ferdinand II and addressed to the Silesian Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[The Silesian Chamber …] is to impose a certain tax/levy and require an investment from the Jews in Silesia […] and [they are] to send these collected payments to [Our] court […].
5. Source	Acta Publica. Verhandlungen und Correspondenzen der schlesischen Fürsten und Stände. Namens des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens herausgegeben von Dr. Julius Krebs, ord. Lehrer des Roalgymnasiums am Zwinger. VI Band: Die Jahre 1626-1627. (Breslau; 1885); (Official/public Acts. Negotiations and correspondence between the Silesian princes and the estates [of the realm]. Name of the Association for History and Antiquity of Silesia edited by Julius Krebs, PhD., proper/full-time teacher at Roalgymnasium at Zwinger. VI volume. The years 1626-1627.) (Wroclaw; 1885)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Poland

1. Full Date of Act	1627
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition to Property Owners” by the Municipal Administration (“Stadtverwaltung”) (1627)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] [aristocratic] land-owners (‘Landesinsassen’) shall not settle or permit Jews to live in their territories at libitum [at will] without the explicit permission of the Duke […].”
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This law was the result of a complaint brought forth by Christian citizens who griped that noblemen/aristocratic landowners were selling their “Mäute” (land/bridges where a payment of a tariff was required) to Jews for a substantial profit, which in turn increased the values of properties so much so that they became “very unchristian and expensive” and impossible for poorer (Christian) subjects to afford.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1627
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Toll Agents,” decree issued by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	We have been afforded credible knowledge, by way of complaints directed to us, that righteous citizens are willing to pay a high toll to those Jews, yet the latter, in the interest of multiple profit, subsequently raise those tolls in an un-Christian and unjustifiable way. […] Accordingly, to those of you who have hitherto tolerated Jews in their lands, be it with their own houses or as tenants, it is our most merciful and serious order and will, that you shall deport the same, for the benefit of the whole nation, from your lands, that they shall no longer be tolerated, even as guests or boarders, and that you shall no longer […] use the same as toll agents or in any other official function […].
5. Source	von Guarint, Frantz Anton (ed.). Codex Austriacus: Zu Gemeinsamen Nutzen mit besondern Fleiß zusammen getragen Und das Erstemahl in Druck gelassen, Volume 1. Voigt & Koll: Vienna, 1704. P.564.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 8, 1627
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Imperial Privilege” (“Kaiserliches Privileg”) Kaiser Ferdiand II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[… ] Jews can only sell, give, or prescribe the houses, which they have acquired after Our victory to Christians or face severe punishment. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (“Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This was an attempt to reverse ownership of the so-called “Liechtensteinhäuser” back into the hands of solely Christians.

1. Full Date of Act	May 20, 1627
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the City Council of [Bad] Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Imperial City of Wimpfen/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are granted protection under the condition that they conduct themselves according to the common order/regulations [… and that they] provide a good riding horse for the honorable [city] council and keep it at the [… main/city] barn/stall for their disposal.
5. Source	Körner, Th: Die Geschichte der Stadt Wimpfen. (History of the City of Wimpfen); (Heilbronn; 1846);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 24, 1627
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Businesses" (Gewölber) ordinance issued on behalf of Kaiser via the Lower-Austrian government to the municipal authorities (Magistrat) of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] His Royal Majesty permits Jews to pursue the kinds of trades they were allowed to pursue while they lived in the city, before they were moved out of the cities to Woerth; they are, however, prohibited from building/starting anything new.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 105.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None