Acts – Page 62 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 18, 1630
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews in the capital of Prague shall (be present to) listen to a German, Catholic sermon in the church of Our Dear Lady at Locke every Saturday evening ('Sonnabend') at which at least 200 people are to be present or be fined one Reichsthaler per head […] double in the case of a repeated offense […] the fines are to establish a fond for the converted. […]
5. Source	Engelman, Wilhelm: Das Judentum in Oesterrich und die böhmischen Unruhen (“The Jewry in Austria and the bohemian Unrest”); (Leipzig; 1845)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 9, 1630
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree for "the Halting of the Jews" issued on behalf of the Kaiser by the Lower-Austrian government to […] the Councils of Lower-Austria
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Everyone, who keeps Jews in his territories, has to identify themselves and prove that he holds such a Privilege; if he’s not able to do so, the Jews are to be gotten rid of and he’s to be punished.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 112.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 19, 1630
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order to the remaining Secret Councils [and] to the Director of the “Society of Jesus”
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	According to the attached copy whether Jews can be stopped and forced to listen to Catholic sermons, His very serious Royal Majesty has graciously resolved to allow this. […]
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918, Page 158.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher This law was passed in response to a document written by Kaiser Ferdinand II on September 4, 1630.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 3, 1633
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Decision” issued by the Pope Urban
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] The [involuntary/forced] baptism of Jewish children remains valid. […]
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2018 Translation 1201
8. Notes	Researcher While previous popes had condemned and prohibited forced baptism of Jewish children and considered them to be often void, Pope Urban legally validated all baptism to be final — even those preformed with force; however, he forbade involuntary baptism on children younger than 7.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 30, 1633
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Duke Albrecht von Wallenstein* and addressed to the Acting Head of State (‘Landes-Verweser’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Principality of Glogow (‘Glogua’)
4. Text of Act	[…] are in no way inclined to give in to [the Jews] plea […] and have already expelled the Jews and have furthermore decided not to tolerate Jews in Glogow out of concern […].
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Gross-Glogau bearbeitet von Berndt, Bürgermeister. (Glogau; 1873); (History of Jews in Greater Glogow edited by Berndt, Mayor.); (Glogow; 1873);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher *Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein was a Bohemian military leader and a statesman who was gifted the principality of Glogau. This writ was in response to the plea of the Jewry to offer them protection in response to the city council’s attempt to expel them.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 5, 1633
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Mandate, issued by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] from now on, any Jew who handles Christians’ money in such a manner […] as to charge interest higher than six percent annually on loans, or as to use it for any other immoral mischief, shall be flogged publicly and mercilessly with switches […].
5. Source	von Guarint, Frantz Anton (ed.). Codex Austriacus: Zu Gemeinsamen Nutzen mit besondern Fleiß zusammen getragen Und das Erstemahl in Druck gelassen. Volume 2. Voigt & Koll: Vienna, 1704. P.357.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 15, 1635
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Sanctum Officium*
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are forbidden to make angel-hair pasta and from baking bread or face a fine of no fewer than 50 Scudi and lashes […]
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	1201
8. Notes	Researcher *The "Sanctum Officium" (‘Holy Office’) is one of the highest offices of the Catholic church and responsible for defending the Catholic doctrine.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 1, 1635
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Order” issued by Pope Urban VIII
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	[…] the conversion of the head of the family includes the conversion of his family. Therefore, the wife, children, and relatives are to accompany the head of the family to catechumen and to go through the 40 days of probation/trial period also. […]
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2018 Translation 1201
8. Notes	Researcher This effectively required the wives and children of Jews who wished to convert to Christianity to become Christians as well.

1. Full Date of Act	1636
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regulations” issued by Cardinal di Lione and Cardinal S. Onofrio, year 1636
3. Geography of Act	Papal States [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] Jews are to return to [wearing] the old yellow[-colored] hats […].”
5. Source	Vogelstein, Hermann and Paul Rieger: Geschichte Der Juden in Rom. Zweiter Band; 1420-1870 (History of the Jews in Rome. Volume II. 1420-1870); (Berlin; 1895)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 1201 Translation 2018
8. Notes	Researcher In the early 17th century, it had become fashionable for Jews to wear dark orange (almost crimson-colored) hats in Rome that were very similar to those of the cardinals. Naturally, this did not sit well with church officials; so they issued this regulation which ordered Jews to stick to the old [straw-]yellow color.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 18, 1636
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Heinrich Höcker* issued in Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	[…] Henrich Höcker, riding servant, orders (‘reytender diener, befellicht’) Isaak von Dulman and all other Jews who are still here and present on permits given to them by the h[onorable] council, to report to the authorities (‘anzumelden’), and to leave this city within the next 14 days as of which [date] their permits as well as those of their wives and children will be terminated.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher It is unclear who Heinrich Höcker was exactly. He appears to have been an authorized delegate of either the prince-elector or the emperor himself. On November 24, 1639, the Council of Münster issues a new ordinance allowing Jews to return to the city.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1636
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jews"
3. Geography of Act	Bavaria
4. Text of Act	All Jews must leave the city until the next St. Martin's Festival. Until then, they still have to pay 7.5 Taler weekly and pay off their debts. And they may not undertake any money transactions with other citizens, except when these are done with cash.
5. Source	Council Minutes of 26 August 1636 (Ratsprotokoll vom 26. August 1636), in: Hoermann, Stadtchronik, (B4/1736-1743). Many thanks to the City Archive of Kaufbeuren for providing the source, February 2017.
6. Translator	Franziska Wagener
7. Year of Translation
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 4, 1637
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued in Hebrew by the Jewish Council of Lithuania
3. Geography of Act	Lithuania
4. Text of Act	With respect to banquets: Inasmuch as people are spending too much money unnecessarily on festive meals (at marriages, circumcision, etc.), every Jewish community and settlement that has a rabbi is expected to assemble its officers and rabbi and to consider the number of guests suitable for the occasion. No one is permitted to come to a banquet unless he has been invited by the beadle. In a settlement where there is no rabbi the nearest Jewish court will enact such an ordinance for them.
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015);
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was issued by the autonomous "Jewish Council of Lithuania" which existed between 1623-1764.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 4, 1637
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance of the City Council of [Bad] Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Imperial City of Wimpfen / Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	The local Jews may not harbor any foreign Jews or offer a place for them to keep their horses, or be fined 10 Rthlr [Reichsthaler;] rather, they are to be sent/referred to the [local] inn.
5. Source	Wimpfen am Neckar. Geschichtlich und topographisch nach historischen Mittheilungen und archäologischen Studien dargestellt von Dr. A. von Lorent, Ritter des Großherzoglichen Badischen Zähringer Löwenordens mit Eichenlaub und dem königlich Württembergischen Kronen- und Friedrichs-Orden ([Bad] Wimpfen by Neckar. Presented historically and topographically based on historical reports and archeological studies by A. Von Lorent, PhD, Knight of the Order of the Zähringer-Lion* of the Grand-Duchy of Baden with an oak-leaf-cluster and the Royal Württemberg crown and Friedrich Order*); (Stuttgart; 1870);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1638
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Confinement of Jews into a Ghetto” issued Duke Francesco I
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Modena
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) In Modena, the ghetto system was introduced for Jews. Morgan, Howard: So Deeply Scarred: A History of “Christian” Anti-Semitism (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 2, 1638
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree of "Jurisdiction regarding 'Business doings'" (Handlungsgewölbe)* issued on behalf of the Kaiser by the Lower-Austrian government to the municipal authorities (Magistrat) of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] His Royal Majesty, […] also to Hungary and Bohemia and Archduke of Austria […] has ordered that all Jews - without exception – are to surrender to local authorities (Magistratum) […] and that no Jew is to own more than two “Gewölber”* for the keeping of those goods the Christians have pawned off to them; otherwise, they are to be kept away from the city by all means, and no one (Jew) is to be allowed back in, and they are not to be tolerated in the court or the castle; instead, all access is to be denied to them altogether. This order is valid for Vienna and in other parts of the land.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918, p. 125.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher *Translator believes this word might mean some kind of place that allowed Jews to store the items the Christians would pawn off to them, or it could be related to the word 'Gewerbe,' which refers to 'businesses' in general.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1639
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance Regarding the Admission of Jews into the City,” issued by the City Senate of Strasbourg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	When a Jew requests to enter the city, he shall be examined and interrogated, at the city gate, about his business in the city, the nature of goods he is carrying, and with whom he has dealings; should he carry metals or other useful wares, he shall be escorted to his transactions within the city by a gate-clerk or other city official, who are to watch over the Jew and all of his actions, without allowing him to roam around freely, and to escort him back out of the city before the bell has rung the gate shut that day. Any other Jews shall be denied admission and sent away. The gate-watchmen are ordered to enforce this ordinance strictly, and any dereliction of this duty will result in their dismissal, while the contravening Jew shall be subjected to a substantial fine.
5. Source	Lemann, Joseph. (ed.). Eintritt der Israeliten in die bürgerliche Gesellschaft der christlichen Staaten (Entrance of the Israelites into the Civil Society of the Christian States). Sutter: Rixheim (France), 1888. Page 77.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 18, 1639
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Sunday Rest” decree of the Lower-Austrian government to all Civil Servants
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Mr. City Judge (Stattrichter) has been commanded as of this date, that he is to prohibit the Jewish community from purchasing anything in the city (of Vienna) on Sundays and holidays – no matter whether it’s a (life or death) emergency – […] and that they [Jews] are not to be found anywhere in the city, let alone trading or doing business or having open stores until the evening prayers are over. Furthermore, […] no food items […] are to be sold before 9 in the morning at the markets and that not only stores (like butchers, wine shops and other such stores) are to remain closed during church services, but also inns and taverns (that serve food and meat). That is why the government orders its civil servants that when they do find someone [a Jew] in violation of this decree, they are to report him to the government.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918. p. 135 ff.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1640
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Church laws of Moldavia and Walachia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Greek Orthodox Christianity while geneally not as intensely anti-Semetic as Roman Catholcism was intolerant and priests preached anti-Semetic semons [sic]. The Church influenced the first legal codes in both Walachias and Moldavia--the Church laws of Moldavia and Walachia (1640). The Church code identified Jews as heretics and prohibitedethe [sic] faithful from contasct [sic] them. Jews were not llow [sic] to appear as inesses in trials. Interstingly an exception was made for physicians, presumably because their expert testimony was needed.” “Romanian Religious Faiths; Early Antisemitism.” Online article
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 11, 1641
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision” of the [City] Council of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	It has been decided, that Jews shall have no permission to reside here in the future (‘die Juden hinfurter alhie kein gleide haben sollen’) [instead] they [are to] pay for each day they are here one Reichsortsthaler (‘reichsorttaler’)* and they shall receive a permit [to stay] for no more than 3 days, after [these] three days, if it becomes necessary for them to stay longer, they are to apply and receive a new permit from the mayor (‘herrn burgermeister’) and in any case shall be stopped and required to give one Ortsthaler* (‘orttalers’) henceforth.
5. Source	Westfalia Judaica III. Quellen und Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in der Stadt Münster 1530-1650/1662. Herausgegeben von Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Band 3.1. (“Jewish Westfalia III. Sources and Regests Regarding the History of Jews in the City of Münster 1530-1650/1662. Edited by Diethard Aschoff. Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum at the Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Westphalia.”); (Münster; 2000)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The Reichsortsthaler and the Ortsthaler refer to local currencies and seem to have been used interchangeably here.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 1, 1641
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway, for the Jews in the Duchy of Holstein
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	5. In view of their usury, Jews may [only] charge one pfenning of interest per week against each mark. 11. They may not allow any foreign Jew to stay with them without the prior knowledge of our officers.
5. Source	Cohen, A.D. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836) Forfatterens: Odense, 1837. Page 8.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher 100 pennings constituted one mark, which made the highest allowable weekly interest rate 1%.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 12, 1641
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Vicegerent(s)/Governor(s) ('Statthalter') of Elbogner
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] permission is granted so that the properly authorized deportation of Jews is not prevented by the commanders* or anyone else – under any pretext whatsoever.
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher *The Jews who had previously been able to enter the city of Elbogner with the support of military commanders were legally forced out of the city with this ordinance.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 2, 1642
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Wladyslaw IV (Vasa, King of Poland) in Warsaw
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
4. Text of Act	[Wladyslaw] instructs the magistrate of Posen to prohibit Jews to trade with silk items in small quantities/retail (‘Detailhandel’), however, to permit them to sell these in large quantities/wholesale (‘en gros’).
5. Source	Perles, J.: Geschichte der Juden in Posen. (Breslau; 1865); (History of Jews in Posen.) (Wroclaw; 1865);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	May 12, 1642
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not permitted to take/charge more than six percent in interests […] any expired/lapsed securities/pledged ('verfallene Pfänder') shall be turned over to the authorities. […]
5. Source	Engelman, Wilhelm: Das Judentum in Oesterrich und die böhmischen Unruhen (“The Jewry in Austria and the bohemian Unrest”); (Leipzig; 1845)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 9, 1642
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Wladyslaw IV (Vasa, King of Poland) in Warsaw
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
4. Text of Act	[Wladyslaw] permits Jews to peddle with merchandise; however, they may only use/hire Jewish carriers.
5. Source	Perles, J.: Geschichte der Juden in Posen. (Breslau; 1865); (History of Jews in Posen.) (Wroclaw; 1865);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 30, 1642
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	(3) On Sundays, Jews shall continue to stay inside their homes, unless they are in need of beer, wine, bread, water, or similar items. However, while any [Christian] sermon is in progress, they may not leave their homes under any circumstances. (4) While it is permissible for Jews to slaughter animals in their own homes, or, if so agreed, in the home of a Christian butcher, and sell the meat to Christians, both the Jew and the butcher must indicate the origin of the meat, so that those who find meat disgusting and repulsive, if it has been slaughtered by Jews, will not be defrauded. For each contravention of this mandate, both the Jew and the butcher shall be fined ten guilders.
5. Source	Günther, Carl Friedrich. Bilder aus der Hessischen Vorzeit (Images from Ancient Hessian History). Jonghans: Darmstadt, 1853. Page 90.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None