Acts – Page 66 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 29, 1676
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Archbishop and Elector Damian Hartard [von der Layen-Hohengeroldseck]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are to be required, when exporting/moving endowments/dowries (‘Dotibus’) outside of the [domain of the] Electorate/Arch-Stift to properly submit the 10th penny [a tenth in the form of taxes …]
5. Source	Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inneres Territorialverhältnis des Abzugs- und Nachsteuerrechts in Deutschland überhaupt, und im Erzstifte Mainz insbesondere. (Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inter-territorial relationship regarding the departure- and resettlement-tax laws in Germany, and especially in the Arch-Stift of Mainz); (Mainz; 1791);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 30, 1676
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by John III [Sobieski] for Posen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are to pay together 5000 Gulden once, plus each person is to pay one Gulden; children under the age of ten are exempt.
5. Source	Perles, J.: Geschichte der Juden in Posen. (Breslau; 1865); (History of Jews in Posen.) (Wroclaw; 1865);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 26, 1676
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order of John George II, Elector of Saxony, to examine the escort papers of Jews whether they have kept to the designated roads”
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[We] John George, the other, [Prince-]Elector of Saxony by the grace of God […] have noticed that Jews, who are arriving in Leipzig from Bohemia, Austria, Moravia, Poland, Silesia […] are straying from the common (country) roads which they are required to remain on according to old contracts/mandates and [that they] deviate to smaller roads and secret paths in order to circumvent the common escort[-fee] […] That is why We order you herewith, that you check the escort-papers [of Jews] at the Leipziger fairs to ensure that they have kept to the common roads and have paid the proper escort-fees [violators are to be required to pay the required fees and given a warning …] and a register of these criminals is to be sent to Us each time […].
5. Source	Lünig: Johann Christian: Des Codicis Augustei, oder Neuvermehrten Corporis Juris Saxonici. Anderer Band. (Codex of Augustus, or newly augmented legal code of Saxony. The other volume.)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 12, 1677
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Archbishop and Elector Damian Hartard [von der Layen-Hohengeroldseck]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews, who refuse to submit the after/export-tax (‘Nachsteuer’)* on endowments/dowries (‘Dotibus’) are to be advised that they are to lose their protection[-permits] ipso facto […]
5. Source	Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inneres Territorialverhältnis des Abzugs- und Nachsteuerrechts in Deutschland überhaupt, und im Erzstifte Mainz insbesondere. (Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inter-territorial relationship regarding the departure- and resettlement-tax laws in Germany, and especially in the Arch-Stift of Mainz); (Mainz; 1791);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *A Nachsteuer was a form of taxation placed on assets/wealth which were taken out of the domain.

1. Full Date of Act	May 6, 1678
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of all Jews from Eastern Pomerania" issued by Duke Fredrick William of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	... all Jews both in the cities and on the country side are ordered to leave Eastern Pomerania within 14 days of issuance of this ordinance or avoid expulsion; they are no longer to be tolerated in any part of the Duchy.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Vol. 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) p. 135, Ausfertigung Stettinischer Staats Archiv P. 1. Tit. 99. Nr. 154 und Conc. Berliner Staats Archiv R 30-212.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 26, 1678
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Archbishop Elector Maximilian Henry of Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Archbishopric of Cologne
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited to trade with iron.
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Zweiter Theil. Die Provinzen: Pommern und Westphalen. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. Second Volume. The provinces: Pomerania and Westphalia.); (Berlin; 1827);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 27, 1678
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Declaration” of Archbishop and Elector Damian Hartard [von der Layen-Hohengeroldseck]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	[…] the previous Generale [common law] is only to be applied to endowments/dowries after the Jewish after/export-tax was made public and not to those [that were exported/moved outside of the domain] before the aforementioned Generale was issued.
5. Source	Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inneres Territorialverhältnis des Abzugs- und Nachsteuerrechts in Deutschland überhaupt, und im Erzstifte Mainz insbesondere. (Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inter-territorial relationship regarding the departure- and resettlement-tax laws in Germany, and especially in the Arch-Stift of Mainz); (Mainz; 1791);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1679
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Establishment of a Ghetto for Jews” issued by Duke Victor Amadeus II of Savory
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Savoy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) In Turin, the ghetto system of segregation was established for Jews. Morgan, Howard: So Deeply Scarred: A History of “Christian” Anti-Semitism (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1679
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Ordinance Against Jews Who Do Not Pay Their Annual Protection Money" issued by Duke Fredrick William of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews who are neglecting to make the annual payment for 'protection' [Schutzgelder] on the very first day of the issuance of an edict lose their privileges immediately and will no longer be tolerated in the country.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Vol. 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) p. 48, Berliner Staats Archiv R21-203, Accessed online.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 10, 1679
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Announcement of the City Council of [Bad] Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Imperial City of Wimpfen/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] because [the Jews] harbored fugitives during the 30-year war, and now that peace has returned, they shall leave the city after Christmas and find accommodations somewhere else.
5. Source	Körner, Th: Die Geschichte der Stadt Wimpfen. (History of the City of Wimpfen); (Heilbronn; 1846);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 20, 1679
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Tax Ordinance, issued by Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas the Jews, time and again, in the country but also near the border, carry on their trade in gold and silver, as well as their usury, any such Jew shall pay thirty kreuzers for each day he trades in a given town, and an additional four kreuzers for each guilder he takes in; to that end, the town’s officer, to whom the Jew is required to report his presence, shall notify the tax collector, as well as assign someone to the Jew, at the Jew’s expense, to verify the total amount of the sales.
5. Source	Mayer, F.F. (ed.). Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze in Betreff der Israeliten (Collection of Württembergian Laws Regarding the Israelites). Fues: Tübingen, 1847. Page 2.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 21, 1680
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rescript to the Bailiff of Lonicerus" issued by Duke Frederick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Lonicerus is prohibited from allowing Jews to trade with their foreign counterparts as long as the plague sweeps through Bohemia and other countries. No Jew is allowed to travel to any area under suspicion. Jews who reside in Berlin from infected places are to report [to the authorities] immediately. Those who refuse are to lose their privileges and to be removed from the country. Unprotected Jews are to leave the city and country within two days [of the edict].
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Vol. 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) p. 49-50, Berliner Staats Archiv R 21-207 a 2 b, Accessed online.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 18, 1680
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Recopilacion de las Indias” (Compilation of the Indies) issued by King Carlos II
3. Geography of Act	Spanish East Indies
4. Text of Act	Jewish converts are not to enter the Indies without the expressed permission of the King.
5. Source	Louisiana Law Review; Volume 56, Number 2; Palmer, Vernon Valentine: The Origins of Authors of the Code Noir.
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 3, 1680
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rescript Addressed to the Bailiff and Civil Servants of Sparenberg" issued by Duke Fredrick William of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	In response to a complaint filed by the mayor and council of Herford, it is commanded that Jews are no longer allowed to reside in Herford without special permission. Jews are not allowed to work as butchers and are only allowed to sell cuts of meats which they are not allowed to consume according to their own [religious] laws.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Vol. 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) p. 71, Berliner Staats Archiv R 34 Page 98 f.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 16, 1681
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark, Norway
4. Text of Act	Henceforth, no Jew without Our Letter of Safe Conduct shall dare to enter Our realms, and those who may already be here shall no longer stay, but leave before two weeks after the publication of this regulation, under penalty of one thousand imperial thalers.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 26.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1681
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Prince-Bishop Peter Philipp von Dernbach
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[…] beef and other kinds of meat which are sold and cut by Jews are to be inspected first to see if it’s good […] in adverse cases, where such [meat] is found to be unclean/impure, it (the meat) is to be taken and thrown away.
5. Source	Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 1, 1681
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Command” (‘Anordnung’) issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[… the Council gives all mayors full legal right to investigate any claim of excess/opulence [among Jews] and to punish them […] and to 'inhibit' all disguises, fancy dresses, and opulence (‘Mummerei, Verkleidung und Üppigkeit’) in the Jewish alley/ghetto (‘Judengasse’) […]
5. Source	Kasper-Holtkotte, Cilli: Die jüdische Gemeinde von Frankfurt/Main in der frühen Neuzeit. Familien, Netzwerke und Konflikte eines jüdischen Zentrums. (The Jewish community of Frankfurt/Main in the Early Modern Period. Families, networks, and conflicts of a Jewish center/hub.);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 18, 1682
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Notice to the Deputies of all Immediatstadt, Eastern Pomerania, and Kammins" issued by the Government of Pomerania
3. Geography of Act	Province of Pomerania
4. Text of Act	... Jews are strictly prohibited from importing [easily] contaminated ("poison catching") items like fur, wool, cloths [, fabric] and old clothes; violators of this law are to be punished with the death penalty.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Vol. 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) Page 141, Online book.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 2, 1682
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance of Leipzig” (‘Leipziger Judenordnung’) issued by Elector John George III (‘Johann Georg III’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Poland; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	By the grace of god, We, John George the third (‘Johann Georg der Dritte’), Duke of Saxony, […] announce herewith […] 1) No Jew may pursue trade in Leipzig without an attest/certificate given by his local authority that he’s an honest businessman. 2) Except horse-Jews (‘Pferdejuden’)*, no one (Jews) shall lodge in the suburbs. 3) A Jew arriving at the [city] gate is to receive an indication-form (‘Angabezettel’) from the toll-officer […] 5) Report within 24 hours to the local city court and pay his protection-fee (‘Schutzgeld’) 6) [Jews must] carry the indication-form, protection and toll-permits as well as the little yellow patch (‘gelbe Flecklein’) on them at all times and present them to council-aids or state servant [when asked …]
5. Source	Allgemeiner Contorist welcher von allen und jeden Gegenständen der Handlung aller in und außer Europa gelegenen Handelsplätze die neusten und zuverlässigsten Nachrichten ertheilet; theils nach bewährten Quellen, theils auch, und insonderheit, nach eigener Erfahrung und Korrespondenz entworfen und in alphabetische Ordnung gebrach von Johann Christian Herrmann Kaufmann in Leipzig. Dritter Theil. (General [business] clerk who provides the latest and most reliable news of all occurrences in trade centers within and outside of Europe, partly based on reliable sources, and partly - and uniquely - based on personal experience and correspondence and broken down in alphabetic order by Johann Christian Herrmann, merchant in Leipzig. Part three.); (Leipzig; 1790);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *This refers most likely to wealthier Jews who could afford to travel by horse. The above Jewish ordinance contains 23 paragraphs and has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. The entire text can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 10, 1682
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Autumn-Instruction” on behalf of the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Since the harvesting of the lovely growing wine/grapes is about to take place […] And in order that Jews do not get the ripest/most timely grapes and the best must, so that His Princely-grace […] is forced to accept the worst and most inferior drink as payment [as levies/taxes…] that is why the autumn-administrator (‘Herbst-Verwalter’), as well as [all] officers are to keep a close eye on this, and not to permit individual Jews to make kosher [wine], except those who have been graciously authorized to do so by the higher authority. […]
5. Source	Thesavrvs Ivris Franconic, Oder Sammlung theils gedruckter theils ungedruckter Abhandlungen, Dissertationen, Programmen, Gutachten, Gesätze, Urkunden, usw. welches das Fränkische und besonders hochfürstliche Wirzburgische Geistliche, Weltliche, Bürgerliche, Peinliche, Polizey- und Kammerrecht erläutern usw. Des Zweyten Abschnittes eilftes Heft. (Wirzburg; 1789); (Thesaurus/Catalogue of Franconia. Or a collection of partly printed, partly unprinted treatises, dissertations, programs, expert reports, laws, and legal documents, etc. which explain church-, secular-, civil-, penal-, police-, and chamber-laws in Franconia, and especially in the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg. The second part of the eighteenth booklet.); (Würzburg; 1789);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Peter Philipp von Dernbach.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 9, 1683
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Article Letter, issued by Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark, Norway
4. Text of Act	Art. 168. Whenever [soldiers] are allowed [to have] sutlers and vivandiers in the camp or garrison, Jews, however, may not be used for that purpose.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 68.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher “Article letters,” from the 15th to the 18th century, were documents that spelled out the collective rights and obligations of soldiers.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 15, 1683
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Danish Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	1. No Jew is allowed to enter into the kingdom, or allow himself to be found, without the King's special Letter of Safe Conduct, under penalty of one thousand imperial thalers for every person encountered without the prescribed letter. 2. Any informer who reports such a Jew to the King’s officers, shall receive, each time, half a hundred imperial thalers.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 26.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 4, 1683
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order of John George (‘Johann Georgens’) III, Elector of Saxony that Jews who travel to Leipzig from Bohemia, Austria, Moravia in order to trade are to take the common (country) roads (‘Landstraße’)”
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[Since We] Johann Georg the third, by the grace of God, Duke of Saxony [… have received complaints that Jews who are coming from Bohemia, Austria, and Moravia to Leipzig in order to trade, stray/deviate from the common (country) roads … which have been strictly prohibited to them under threat […] and yet, Jews appear to take no heed [to past orders} and depart from the designated roads [… ] which we are not inclined to allow to happen anymore. That is why We remind/warn all Jews who are coming to Leipzig from Bohemia, Austria, and Moravia in order to trade - once and for all herewith […] to remain on the above-mentioned […] street […] and should one or the other contravene […] and take another road through Our domain, he is to lose all possessions that he has on him and anticipate our [further] punishment. [That is why we] Order Our officers, customs- and escort-people/officers as well as City Councils and all court-officers herewith in all seriousness to pay close attention to Bohemian, Austrian, and Moravian Jews […] and not to permit any of them to stray from the above-mentioned street, but rather to stop/intercept them and whatever they carry and to report this [to Us…].
5. Source	Lünig: Johann Christian: Des Codicis Augustei, oder Neuvermehrten Corporis Juris Saxonici. Anderer Band. (Codex of Augustus, or newly augmented legal code of Saxony. The other volume.)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 5, 1683
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edikt” issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[The Council prohibits] “the highly-annoying (‘höchst ärgerliche’) entering of Jews into barbershops (‘Barbierhäuser’) […]
5. Source	Kracauer, Isidor: Die Geschichte der Juden in Frankfurt am Main (History of the Jews in Frankfurt am Main); (Frankfurt am Main; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 24, 1683
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews” ordered by King Louis XIV
3. Geography of Act	French Territories; Martinique
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are to quit all French Islands of America. […]
5. Source	Frank, Ben: A Travel Guide to the Jewish Caribbean & South America; (Grenta; 2005)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None