1. Full Date of Act
1684
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Order” of the government addressed to the City Council of Dresden
3. Geography of Act
Margrave of Meissen; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act

“[…] Jews are not to be tolerated in Dresden (except during and) outside* of the annual markets. […]”

5. Source
Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsgeschichte der Stadt Dresden von Dr. Phil. Otto Richter, Archivar und Bibliothekar der Stadt Dresden. Herausgegeben im Auftrage des Rates zu Dresden. Erster Band: Verfassungsgeschichte (“Constitutional and Administrative History of the City of Dresden by Otto Richter (PhD.), Archivist and Librarian of the City of Dresden. Published by the Order of the Council of Dresden. First Volume: Constitutional History”); (Dresden; 1885);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2018
8. Notes
Researcher
*The notion of “ausserhalb der Jahrmärkte” in German refers to both the concepts of time and space and most likely prohibited Jews from visiting Dresden - except during the time of the annual markets - and from venturing outside of the annual markets. This order was issued repeatedly.
1. Full Date of Act
Jul. 20, 1684
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Decree against trading outside of the annual market.
3. Geography of Act
Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act

We hereby issue our most gracious and earnest command to all and every one of our officials, clerks, bailiffs, mayors and councilors, courts and community, that they should keep a close eye on foreign merchants, basket carriers, peddlers and unprotected Jews, and not allow hawking or peddling [by these individuals] outside of the open annual markets.

5. Source
"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 328-329, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Aug. 6, 1684
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Ordinance concerning Jewish people living in the County of Schaumburg-Lippe, issued by Count Friedrich Christian.
3. Geography of Act
County of Schaumburg
4. Text of Act

These Jews, in Our land, shall be tolerated as long as they do not act with violence or injustice, and as long as they behave in accordance with the following conditions: 1). That they shall observe the Sabbath and prayer hours in complete secrecy, without disturbing Our subjects, and without pomp or display in their clothing. … 4). The Jews in Buckeburg should no longer be permitted to slaughter until a few registered butchers set up a guild there and could and would conveniently supply our court and the citizens with meat. … 6). Every Jew in addition to the regular contributions they are required to make, should pay 10 thalers annually to our treasury, which applies to this Jew, his wife, children and any maid. If he had more maids, or a servant (for no one should be allowed to have more than one servant), he should pay 1 1/2 thalers for the maid and 3 thalers for the servant separately. … 7). A fee of 1 thaler shall be paid to Our treasury for each marriage, circumcision, and funeral conducted by Jews.

5. Source
“Landesverordnungen der Grafschaft Schaumburg, unter der Regierung der Grafen zu Holstein-Schaumburg und der Grafen zu Schaumburg-Lippe, 1640 bis 1777 [State Regulations of the County of Schaumburg, under the Rule of the Count of Holstein-Schaumburg and the Count of Schaumburg-Lippe, 1640 to 1777],” Budeburg, 1805, p. 91-93, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com and Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 2, 1684
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
"Prince-Elector Ordinance Regarding the Jews in Berlin" issued by Duke Frederick I
3. Geography of Act
Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act

... because it has come to our attention that due to the existence of two Synagogues and other kind of offenses by Jews - such as hiding and dealing with stolen merchandize, we order that such offenses are to be stop immediately and that 1) Jews are only allowed one Synagogue and one school and all others are to ceased operation immediately; 2) all Jews are to honor the oath they have taken and report all offenses to the authorities immediately or face loss of their property and banishment from the country. 3) head of the Jewish communities are required to report stolen items immediately to the Bailiff of Cologne. 4) Jews are prohibited from operating open stalls and booths. They are to clear and cease those immediately. 5) Jews whose children get married outside of the country, are to pay a 'out-tax' and Jewish courts are to report how they handle punishments and sentencing. This [ordinance] is to be obeyed by the Jewish community or [they are to] face sever punishment.

5. Source
Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Vol. 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) p. 53-54, Berliner Staats Archive R 21- 207 b 2; Accessed online.
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2015
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Dec. 16, 1684
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Police Chief of Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act

Those of the Jewish nation who, with royal permission, reside in the aforementioned 20 houses, may worship there together, with morning and evening prayers and hymns, though only in closed chambers and without any sermon, so as not to cause any offense.

5. Source
Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837; Page 171.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
Copenhagen's first synagogue was not inaugurated until 1833.
1. Full Date of Act
Jan. 1, 1685
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Code Noir” order of King Louis XIV
3. Geography of Act
French West Indies
4. Text of Act

[…] Jewish converts are not to enter the Indies without the expressed permission of the King.

5. Source
Louisiana Law Review; Volume 56, Number 2; Palmer, Vernon Valentine: The Origins of Authors of the Code Noir.
6. Researcher
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research
2017
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Aug. 21, 1685
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Decree, issued by Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act

Protected Jews in Our lands, if they are lacking a synagogue at their place of residence, are permitted to worship in their private homes, as long as they can gather ten adult men, refrain from loud calling and yelling, and adhere to the following conditions. (1) They shall not use any house where a Christian lives, but only one inhabited by a Jew, and which is located far away from any church, school, manse or city hall. (2) They shall only pray quietly and behind closed doors. […] (4) Except for weddings, no more than fifteen persons shall congregate. (5) They shall not perform any ceremonies in the streets or out of their windows. (6) They shall not blow the horn [shofar] in the street, out of the window, or elsewhere in public. (7) They may not use anything in their gatherings but the scriptures of Moses and the prophets, and refrain from using Jewish writings and prayers which mention Christ in a defamatory manner.

5. Source
Günther, Carl Friedrich. Bilder aus der Hessischen Vorzeit (Images from Ancient Hessian History). Jonghans: Darmstadt, 1853. Page 92.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 8, 1685
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
"Rescript Addressed to the Superior Courts" issued by Duke Fredrick William of Prussia
3. Geography of Act
Prussia
4. Text of Act

It is not unknown to Us that there are a lot of Jews found in Our cities that have swindled Christians out of thousands of Reichstaler and that they [Christians] never received repayment or any other kind of satisfaction for those acts; and since they do not have any means of payment and are otherwise difficult to be held accountable, we command that all Jews in the country are to provide a deposit (bail) of 1000 Reichstaler in order to prevent this kind of behavior in the future. Those who pay the bail/deposit are allowed to remain in the country while those who refuse are to leave the country within 6 weeks of this ordinance to avoid serious punishment.

5. Source
Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Vol. 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) p. 57, Berliner Staats Archiv R 21-207 b 2 a, Accessed online.
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2015
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Dec. 3, 1685
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Letter from King Karl XI to Stockholm's Governor's Office ordering the expulsion of the Jews
3. Geography of Act
Swedish Empire
4. Text of Act

It is our gracious will and command, that you immediately allow all the existing Jews here in the city, that they, within 14 days, dispose of themselves from the city and the country

5. Source
Stockholmskällan, “Karl XI Förbjuder Judar att Bosätta sig i Stockholm 1685 [Karl XI Forbids Jews to Settle in Stockholm in 1685],” stockholmskallan.stockholm.se, accessed July 3, 2024.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The original text is in Swedish and translated to English using Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Oct. 18, 1686
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance regarding the stay of imprisoned Jews in Vienna” issued on behalf of the Kaiser via the Lower-Austrian government to District Marshal
3. Geography of Act
Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

From the R[oyal] M[majesty], also to Hungary and Bohemia […] Archduke to Austria […] it is ordered that Mr. City Colonel is to gather all Jews – men and women – who were brought here from the city of Ofen* in a specific house outside of the city and to keep them there until further order from H. R. M. or the laudable Court Martial Council […]. That is why the City (Quarter) Colonel (Stadtquadiobristen) is reminded that such Jews also reside partially in houses that are under his jurisdiction […] and his very highly serious H. R. M. is graciously ordering that an ordinance is issued in certain areas that if Jews are staying in any houses under the jurisdiction of the Mr. City (Quarter) Colonel are to be deported immediately […].

5. Source
Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 265.
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2016
8. Notes
Researcher
*“Ofen” was the German name for the city of Buda – before it merged with the city of Pest to become today’s Budapest.
1. Full Date of Act
Feb. 7, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
"Edict (‘Edictum’) issued by Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Ernest Augustus"*
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act

We, Ernst Augustus, by the grace of God Bishop of Osnabrück. Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg […] It has been reported to us that some of our officers, as well as court-men/judges (‘Gerichts-Herren') and other authorities in small cities have accepted various Jews [into their cities] and have permitted them to pursue trade and exchange without having received a protection and escort letter (‘Schutz- und Geleit-Briefen’) from us. However, since the issuance of a Jewish-escort [letter] is reserved to the supreme princely-authorities, which means to Us in Our principalities […] We order herewith all and every one of Our officers as well as all courts and authorities in these cities […] to report all those Jews who cannot show to have a letter of protection (‘Schutzbrief’) or any other escort-permit from Us and to expel them and their families from our lands/domains within a month, or to apply and receive such a permit from us within the same period. […] those who enter Our lands after that months has passed, are to be arrested and We or Our secret-councils are to be informed immediately. We wish with all earnestness to have all places/towns (‘Orte’) where this order is ignored to be seriously discipled and punished. Issued in Our city of residency, Hannover, February 7, 1687. […]

5. Source
Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, und zwar Capvt Tertivm worinn enthalten bis das Militar - Wesen angehende Verordnungen. Zum Gebrauch der Fürstenthümer, Graf- und Herrschaften Calenbergischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, namely the third part, which contain the ordinances that pertain to the military. For the use of the principalities, counties and lordships of Calenberg.); (Göttingen; 1740);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
*Ernest Augustus also ruled over the Principality of Calenberg and Prince-Bishop of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück.
1. Full Date of Act
Feb. 14, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Rescript” addressed to Johann Victor König, Royal Council and Mayor (head of the municipality) of Halle
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act

[…] since we have serious reservations to protect/escort such people (Jews) […] and because it’s better without them, […] that is why you have to reject/turn back such Jews if they continue to announce themselves/arrive. […]

5. Source
Stern, Selma: Der Preußische Staat und die Juden. Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I. Zweite Abteilung: Akten. (“The Prussian state and the Jews. First Part / The time of the Grand Principality and Friedrich I. Second division: Files/Documents.”); (Tübingen; 1962);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
This decree in effect prohibited Jews from settling in Halle, Germany.
1. Full Date of Act
Mar. 4, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Decree restricting the trade in tin.
3. Geography of Act
Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act

Jews,… not least those who have not learned the trade, are completely banned from trading, peddling and selling both new and old tin.

5. Source
"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, p. 353, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Mar. 7, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Leipzig: Decree – No Jew is allowed to trade in the streets or to open their business entirely or partly
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act

Us, the majors and council of the city Leipzig command: The Jews have abused the benefits given to them in different remittals by living against common laws. They carry on trade at times, in which it is forbidden to sell wares. They disregard the prohibition to trade on Sundays and Feast days. They sell a big amount of wares at times in which it is forbidden to do so at common places. Christian trade people and the normal citizens suffer therefore from disadvantages. Therefore, we want to repeat the laws and penalties for these actions and point them out for the Jews, who are under special occupation at the moment. We decree, that no Jew is allowed no, matter what kind of wares he is trading, (except from Feder-Jews, who are allowed to trade on special days because of their profession) to trade in the streets or to open their business entirely or partly. They may only trade their wares, as in former times, in their own parlors and ventriculars. Nevertheless, they have to pay attention to Sundays and Feast days – as their names command to do so – and are forbidden to sell any kind of wares. If they fail to do so they will have to pay a penalty about 100 'Reichsthaler' and may even receive a higher penalty. Documental we have printed the emblem of our city on this decree, Leipzig, March 7, 1687

5. Source
Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute 1/7/2015 NEED MORE INFORMATION (ITEM NAME - PAGE # - RESEARCHER/DATE)
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
None
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 15, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Norwegian Code,” issued, by King Christian V, for Norway
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Norway
4. Text of Act

Book 3, Chapter 22: Article 1 – No Jew may enter [Norway], or let himself be found, without the King's special passport, under penalty of one thousand imperial thalers for every person who is found without such passport. Article 2 – Whoever reports a Jew and points him out to an officer of the King, shall therefore receive fifty imperial thalers.

5. Source
Paulsen, P.I., Thomle, J.E. & Thomle, C.S. (ed.). Almindelig Norsk Lovsammling [Common Norwegian Law Collection]. Aschehoug & Co.: Kristiania [Oslo], 1905. Volume I, Page 186.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
May 6, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
"Policy Regarding the Island of French America" issued by King Louis XIV
3. Geography of Act
Saint Dominigue
4. Text of Act

1) […] we enjoin all of our officers to chase from our islands all the Jews who have established residence there. As with all declared enemies of Christianity, we command them to be gone within three months of the day of issuance of the present [order], at the risk of confiscation of their persons and their goods. […].

5. Source
Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and Media: The Code Noir (The Black Code)
6. Researcher
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research
2016
8. Notes
Researcher
This edict was written in March of 1685 by King Louis XIV, but was read, posted and recorded at the "Sovereign Council of Saint Domingue" on 6 May 1687.
1. Full Date of Act
Jun. 28, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Edict” issued by Frederick William (“Friedrich Wilhelm”) to the Farther/Eastern Pomeranian Government
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Swedish Pomerania/Swedish Empire
4. Text of Act

[…] when we realized that the Jews have partly pre-paid for their passes/passports in advanced and that they would be wronged if they were to be expelled nonetheless: That is why we [have decided to] permit them graciously herewith, that they will be tolerated for one more year. After that, however, if We issue no other order, they are to clear the land/leave the land. […]

5. Source
Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I; Zweite Abteilung: Akten (“The Prussian State and the Jews; First Part/The Time of the [Prince]Elector and Fredrick I; Second Division: Files”); (Tübingen; 1962);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2017
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Jul. 11, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Expulsion Decree” issued by Countess Maria Maximiliana of Sinzendorf
3. Geography of Act
County of Sinzendorf
4. Text of Act

[…] 7) […] that they (her successors/heirs) shall never permit any Jews, either as subjects or under any other pretext to live or stay in this dominion of ours for eternity. […]

5. Source
Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2017
8. Notes
Researcher
The countess even pleads in her testament on 7/12/1687 to her husband to prohibit Jews from settling in her domain in honor and his love to her and to ensure that none of her heirs do either.
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 7, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
General-Rescript concerning the tin and pewter trade.
3. Geography of Act
Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act

Concerning all kinds of nations who are so rampant in the country, including the Jews, who are making a great profit from the master craftsmen living in the country by making pewter dishes and [who] are taking the money out of the country, with a noticeable detriment to the interests of our princely house; We have indeed made it clear to our officials that they, all together, would, by virtue of their duties, take action against such vagrants, especially against Jews, in accordance with the clear provisions of the promulgated country regulations.

5. Source
“Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 2, Tübingen, 1842, p. 659, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.  
1. Full Date of Act
Dec. 31, 1687
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“General-Ordinance” issued by Frederick Charles (‘Fridrich Carl’), Duke of Württemberg-[Winnental]
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act

By the grace of God, Fridrich Carl, Duke of Württemberg and Teckh […] First Our greeting, noble, dear faithfuls: […] 7) No peasant/farmer (‘Bauer’) may be permitted to sell stallions to Jews or take loans against them [from Jews] without the knowledge of the officer (‘Amtsmanns’) or mayor (‘Burgermeister’) […]; and so that the aforementioned Jews will not be able to export the most beautiful mares […]; that it why it shall be prohibited to sell and export any bearing mare up to the age of three or four or those of good breeders until it is deemed legal […]

5. Source
Sammlung der württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze von Dr. G. Zeller, Oberamtspfleger in Nürtingen. Zweiter Theil, enthaltend die Regierungs-Gesetze vom Jahre 1638 bis zum Jahre 1726. (Collection of Governmental-Laws of Württemberg by Dr. G. Zeller, Chief-Officer in Nürtingen. Second part, from 1638 to 1726.); (Tübingen; 1842);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 14, 1688
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Order of the Sovereign Prince” issued by Prince-Bishop Johann Gottfried II von Gutenberg
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act

[…] the noble and adjacent collegiate-Stifts*(‘Collegiat-Neben-Stiftern’), cloisters, universities, […] hospitals, and such […] and villages and courts that are part of the mediat** advocatus lordships (‘mediaten Vogtey-Herrschaften’) […] are not to give Jews protection and to admit them (into their domain/jurisdiction) […] rather, Jews are solely to receive their protection[-permits] from the sovereign-prince (‘Landes-Fürsten) or from the highest territorial lord (‘Ober-Territorial-Herrn’) to whom they must submit the protection-fee.

5. Source
Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
*A Stift was an independent territory within the Holy Roman Empire. **A ‘Mediat(-Stadt)’ was a city that was subordinate to the nobility or the administration of the ruling power. A similar order was reissued on February 20, 1691.
1. Full Date of Act
Aug. 4, 1688
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Rescript, issued by Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway, to the Copenhagen Chief of Police
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Denmark, Norway
4. Text of Act

Regarding the German Jews who are tobacco-spinners, and settled in the royal lands, they must become [legal] residents and continue their registered trade [only] in their own houses and yards, in the places where they live and trade, which shall be made public by the magistrate in the other market towns where such Jews reside.

5. Source
Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 19.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Aug. 8, 1688
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“An Act for the Governing of Negroes,” passed by the Council and Assembly of Barbados
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Barbados
4. Text of Act

XVII. – […] Be it therefore enacted . . . that no person of the Hebrew nation residing in any Sea-port Town of [sic] Island, shall keep or employ any Negro or other Slave, be he Man or Boy, for any use or service whatsoever, more than one Negro or other Slave, Man or Boy, to be allowed to each of the persons of the said Nation, excepting such as are denizened by His Majesty's Letter Patent, and not otherwise, who are to keep no more than for their own use, as shall be approved of by the Lieutenant Governor, Council and Assembly: And if any Negro, Man or Boy, more than is before allowed by this Act, shall be found three months after the publication hereof, in the custody, possession or use of any of the persons aforesaid, then every such person or persons shall forfeit such Negro or other Slave; one moiety of the value thereof, to whomsoever shall inform, and the other moiety to his Majesty to the use in this act appointed.

5. Source
Friedenwald, Herbert. Material for the History of the Jews in the British West Indies. Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 5 (1897), pp. 45-101. Page 97.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 17, 1688
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Decree” issued by the Royal Court Chamber (‘Hofkamer’) of Innsbruck
3. Geography of Act
Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

[…] the Jewry currently present in the domains of Arlberg […] except the three aforementioned families* are to completely leave their home/quarters and the territory of Arlberg with their attachments/household (families/servants) and their entire possessions ('mit ihrem anhang und völligen hausshaben’) by the end of this year […]

5. Source
Studien zur Geschichte und Gesellschaft Vorarlbergs. Regionalstudie zur Geschichte einer Weltanschauung [-] Antisemitismus in Vorarlberg. Herausgegeben von Werner Dreier in Zusammenarbeit mit der Johann-August-Malin-Gesellschaft. Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung in Wien, des Landes Voralberg, der Landeshauptstadt Bregenz sowie der Stadt Hohenems. (“Studies Regarding the History and Society of Voralberg. A Regional study Regarding the History of a Weltanschauung [-] Anti-Semitism in Voralsberg. Published by Werner Dreier in Cooperation with the Johann-August-Malin-Society. Printed with the support of the Federal Ministry for Science and Research in Vienna, the State of Voralberg, State Capital of Bregenz and the City of Hohenems.”); (Bregenz; 1988)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2018
8. Notes
Researcher
*The three Jewish families that were exempt from this expulsion order were Salmons, Abrahams, and Wolfens. As anti-Jewish as this ordinance is, it is noteworthy, that it also went against the wishes of the citizens who had rallied their government repeatedly to have all Jews expelled from the regions and who believed that the greatest threat they faced came from exactly those kinds of rich Jews. Jews forced to relocate yet again, petitioned Duke Franz Karl who had expelled them 12 years before for protection. Because of the abysmal financial situation of the Royal Court of Hohenems, he agreed to allow 10 Jewish families to settle there for a payment of 24 Gulden per family.
1. Full Date of Act
1690
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Jewish Legislation” issued in Yiddish by the Bishoprics** of Metz
3. Geography of Act
Present-day France
4. Text of Act

"[…] Shoes or other footgear in red or blue leather or in any other color except black and white are forbidden to every(one) [Jew]**. The same rule applies to footgear of velvet or any other silken fabric, fringed or stitched, which is likewise forbidden.

5. Source
Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe; (2015)
6. Researcher
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research
2016
8. Notes
Researcher
*The exact date of the legislation is unknown. **A Bishoprics is the office of the Bishop held by a "prince-bishop" who was also the civil ruler of a secular principality. A prince-bishop was usually considered an elected monarch. ***This ordinance was aimed at Jews and published in Yiddish.