Acts – Page 68 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 20, 1691
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order of the Soveign Prince” issued by Prince-Bishop Johann Gottfried II von Gutenberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	The noble and collegiat-Stifts(‘Collegiat-Stiffter’), cloisters, universities, hospitals, and such mediat-advocatus-lordships (‘mediate Vogtey-Herrschaften’) are not to admit Jews into their villages, courts, [and] hamlets […] and to collect their protection fee [for the sovereign-prince…] Also, Jews are to receive their protection and protection-letters solely from the highest princely authority […] otherwise, no Jew is to be tolerated or allowed to pass [through] the domains and the Hoch-Stift.*
5. Source	Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher A Stift was an independent territory within the Holy Roman Empire. *A Hochstift was a territory that was ruled by a prince/bishop. A similar order was issued on April 18, 1688.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 10, 1691
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the government of Western-Pomerania
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Sweden; Swedish-Pomerania / Swedish Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] It is therefore ordered and commanded herewith in all seriousness that no Jew be allowed to enter the domain without a passport and a special concession and permission from the royal government, much less be tolerated there, and least of all [be allowed] to trade and engage in exchange […] and to partake in pre-sales as they please […]. The commanding officers, [and] the royal tax and customs officers are to keep a watchful eye on this […] and should Jews be caught engaged in trade or pre-sales without a passport […] they should be met with a befitting punishment, their merchandise confiscated and this edict is to be adhered to in all seriousness everywhere in the province […].
5. Source	Sammlung gemeiner und besonderer Pommerscher und Rügischer Landes-Urkunden, Gesetze, Privilegien, Verträge, Constitutionen und Ordnungen. Zur Kenntnis der alten und neueren Landes-Verfassungen insonderheit des königlich-Schwedischen Landes-Theils herausgegeben von Johann Carl Dähnert. Dritter und letzter Band. (Collection of common and special state writs/documents, laws, privileges, contracts, constitutions, and ordinances of Pomerania and Rügen. To bring into awareness the old and newer state constitutions, and especially those of the royal Swedish domains edited by Johann Carl Dähnert. Third and last volume. (Stralsund; 1769);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 10, 1691
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by the government of Sweden for Swedish Pomerania
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	Ordered: that no Jew, unless he has received a special dispensation from the royal government, shall be given a passport into the land, let alone be tolerated therein, and least of all be allowed to trade in Swedish Pomerania, to walk about, or to engage in any wholesale transactions.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833. Page 301.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 29, 1691
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate prohibiting Jewish trade on Sundays and holidays.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	No Jew should trade or walk on Sundays and holidays.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 419-420, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher An explanation of this mandate was issued on March 28, 1692, noting that, whilst the mandate does forbid the free movement of Jews from village to village, house-to-house trading, the opening of shops, and the herding of animals on Sundays and holidays, the Jewish community were actually permitted to trade alongside Christians after their church services if the market days fell on a Sunday or a holiday. See above source, p. 420. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 29, 1691
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Emperor Leopold I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews are required/obliged to wear a kind of [stiff neck] ruffles (‘eine Sorte von Krösen’) as a distinguishing sign in Bohemia […] those who violate this ordinance are to be punished severely. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (“Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance placed Jews in severe danger on the countryside, because while they did not need to worry about being ambushed and robbed in the cities, they did so on the countryside. This (special) collar was easily made out from afar and attracted vagrants and riffraff, and Jews were often assaulted, mugged and mistreated – not rarely at the hands of soldiers. *This ordinance signed by Leopold I on December 29, 1691, and was received by the city authorities of Prague on January 3, 1692, and was published on January 4, 1692.

1. Full Date of Act	1692
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Legislation” issued in Yiddish by the by the Bishoprics* of Metz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	"[…] until now, the non-Jews might have supposed the gold worn by the Jewish women on their garments and clothes was imitation, while now they are positive that it is genuine. For this reason [an] announcement is made and a [notice] is given that beginning today, no person [Jew] – male or female – is permitted to have any veils, hats, borders of cloaks, or any other object of dress made or embroidered by non-Jews, whether directly or through an intermediary. Those who have already given something to be done outside by non-Jews must immediately recover these objects under penalty of a fine of twenty Reichstaler […]"
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher A Bishoprics is the office of the Bishop held by a "prince-bishop" who was also the civil ruler of a secular principality. A prince-bishop was usually considered an elected monarch. *The exact date of this ordinance is unknown.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 6, 1692
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition for Jews to engage in money-exchange” issued by the City Council of Basel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Switzerland
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited at the threat of confiscation to change and exchange/muddle up (‘verwechseln’) [money] here […] of which they are to be informed by the highest-servant (‘Obristen Knecht’) […]
5. Source	Rechtsquellen von Basel Stadt und Land. Erster Theil. (Legal Documents/Sources of Basel - City and land. Part one.); (Basel; 1856);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 28, 1692
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Wuerzburg: Jews are to be judged legally (not to let normal citizens penalize the offences of the Jews) Johann Gottfrid, bishop of Wuerzburg and earl of Franken
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	Wuerzburg 1692 - Johann Gottfrid, bishop of Wuerzburg and earl of Franken, chosen by god’s grace, commands the following: The Jews living in Wuerzburg have complained about the fact that citizens of Wuerzburg are punishing them violently since the decree of September 26, 1691, has been released. This edict stated that Jews are not allowed to trade in public on Sundays and Feast days. Citizens of Wuerzburg now complained that the Jews are not sticking to that rule mainly because most fairs take place on that day. Citizens, who find Jews impinging against this law, often throw stones at the Jews. We therefore determine, that peddling is forbidden on Sundays and Feast days, as is commercial trading of wares on these days. Carrying on a trade on those days is only allowed during the time of the holy mass in one's own house. Therefore I command every trader, administrator, lord protector, major and the court to punish the Jews for abusing the law of September 26, 1691, but not to let normal citizens penalize the offences of the Jews, whether they are guilty or not. Jews are to be judged legally. Signed in our royal capital, Wuerzburg, March 28, 1692.
5. Source	Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute 1/7/2015 NEED MORE INFORMATION (ITEM NAME - PAGE # - RESEARCHER/DATE)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 17, 1692
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Eberhard von Danckelmann on behalf of the Prince-Elector* of Brandenburg[-Bayreuth]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
4. Text of Act	Since complaints have reached his Highness, the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg […] our gracious Lord […] that the highly damaging and already prohibited peddling of Jews on the countryside and in the cities remains unheeded - despite all issued prohibitions/inhibitions […] and that Jews themselves as well as their servants often drive around on the countryside with their merchandize - which drastically reduces commerce between the cities and villages and even destroys it altogether […]. [That is why, as per His Highest Prince-Elector’s [order…] such peddling shall not be permitted under any circumstances, but rather, that as per the issued gracious ordinance, [such peddling] be entirely abolished in the future or [violators shall] be subject to the loss of [their] horses, wagons, and merchandize, as well as [subject to] other earnest punishments. […].
5. Source	Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Erster Teil / Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichts I. Zweite Abteilung: Akten von Selma Stern.(“The Prussian State and the Jews, First Part / The time of the Great Prince-Elector and Fredrick’s I. Second devision: Documents/Writs by Selma Stern”); (Tübingen; 1962);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Prince-Elector George William/Georg Wilhelm. Eberhard von Danckelmann was the Prime Minister of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1692-97.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 5, 1692
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript, issued by Magdalena Sibylla, Duchess of Württemberg, to the local government offices and police authorities of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Art. 12 – In some places, it has come to pass that the people borrowed money from the Jews against fruit; whereas you, in accordance with our constitution, have to completely forbid your subordinate officers any commercial intercourse with Jews.
5. Source	Reyscher, August Ludwig (ed.). Vollständige, historisch und kritisch bearbeitete Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Wurttemberg Laws). Vol. 6. Fues: Tübingen, 1835. Page 177.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Legislation” issued in Yiddish by the Bishoprics* of Metz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	"It has also been decided that all women ought to wear a cloak and veil when going to the synagogue. Women who are not yet fifteen years old may go to the synagogue without a cloak or veil, but as soon as they reach the age of fifteen thy are subject to the rule […]. It is necessary to add that all fashionable styles of arranging their hair or those recently devised are also forbidden."
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher The exact date of this ordinance is unknown. *A Bishoprics is the office of the Bishop held by a "prince-bishop" who was also the civil ruler of a secular principality. A prince-bishop was usually considered an elected monarch.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of the City Administration of Halle
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Foreign Jews are not to be tolerated.
5. Source	Kisch, Guido: Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte der Juden in Halle 1686-1730. (Legal and social history of Jews in Halle from 1686-1730); (Berlin; 1970);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 20, 1693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of [Prince-]Elector John George IV and addressed to the City Council of Leipzig
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] Since we are no longer inclined to permit these annoying beings and the idolatry of Jew to be brought in [to Leipzig] as well as into other areas of our land/domain […] we desire herewith that you should prohibit arriving Jews to attend Sukkot and their false worship in all seriousness and [at a threat of] certain punishment.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The City Council/Senate obliges and issues a rescript for Leipzig three days later.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 23, 1693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by the Senate of Leipzig
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Jews who visit the fair in Leipzig may neither be permitted to attend/celebrate Sukkot or the Sabbath and everything that goes with that, nor other such infuriating things and idol-worship. […]
5. Source	D. Joh. Gottfr. Schaumburgs Einleitung zum Sächsischen Rechte, Zweyter Theil, worinnen besonders die Jura Majestatica des Churfürsten zu Sachsen, in Ansehung seiner Unterthanen, vorgetragen werden. (D. Joh. Gottfr. Schaumburg’s introduction to Saxon law, part two, in which - especially, royal/imperial laws of the Electorate of Saxony are presented with regards to its subjects.);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Sukkot, also commonly known as Feast of the Tabernacles or Festival of In-gatherings is an important Jewish holiday.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 6, 1693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Friedrich I of Prussia addressed to the magistrate of Salzwedel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[…] by the grace of God, Fredrick […] Margrave to Brandenburg,[…] we graciously order you herewith with all seriousness to remove the Jews and their families [from Salzwedel] by presenting them with this […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 26, 1693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“An Act for, and towards the Defence of this Island,” passed by the House of Assembly of Jamaica
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Jamaica
4. Text of Act	[…] Enacted and Ordained […] that the Nation and People of the Jews Residing within this Island, Pay or cause to be Paid, towards the Raising of the said Sum of [Money] before mentioned, and expressed to be Raised on the Inhabitants of this Island, over and above and besides the Tax as aforesaid Assessed, the full Sum of Seven Hundred and Fifty Pounds […]. And in Case of failure in the Compliance of the said Payment, Be it further Enacted […] that the Sum of Two Hundred and Fifty Pounds more, besides the said Seven Hundred and Fifty Pounds above appointed to be Assessed on the Nation and People of the Jews abovesaid: That then it shall and may be Lawful for the Treasurer or Treasurers hereafter to be appointed by Warrant or Distress, under his or their Hands and Seals, Directed to the Constable or Constables for the respective Parishes where such Jew or Jews reside, to Levy or singly cause to be Levyed at Discretion upon the several Jews, Inhabitants of this Island, such proportional Sum or Sums as shall make up the Sum of One Thousand Pounds as aforesaid. That then […] it shall and may be Lawful for the Governor or Commander in Chief by Warrant under his Hand and Seal […] to Levy or cause to be Levied on all and every Person or Persons so Offending, One Hundred Pound [current Money] of this Island, or the value thereof upon his or their Monies, Slaves, Goods or Chattels, and sell the same by Publick Outcry, returning the Overplus, if any be, to the Owner; and in Case no [Money], Slaves or Goods are to be found as aforesaid, that then he take into Custody the Body of the Person or Persons so offending, and him or them in safe Custody keep, until he or they Pay the said Sume of One Hundred Pound for the said Offence […].
5. Source	Friedenwald, Herbert. Material for the History of the Jews in the British West Indies. Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 5 (1897), pp. 45-101, p. 87.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	An Act against Jews ingrossing Commodities imported in the Leeward Islands, and trading with the Slaves belonging to the Inhabitants of the same
3. Geography of Act	Antigua
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) An Act against Jews ingrossing Commodities imported in the Leeward Islands, and trading with the Slaves belonging to the Inhabitants of the same Laws of the Leeward Islands, 3. Referenced in: The Laws of the Island of Antigua: Consisting of the Acts of the Leeward Islands, Commencing 8. Novem. 1690 Ending 21. April 1798, and the Acts of Antigua Commencing 10. April 1668, Ending 7. May 1804 : with Prefixed to Each Volume, Analytical Tables of the Titles of the Acts, and at the End of the Whole, a Copious Digested Index, no.11, Volume 1. (London; 1805: Bagster) (August 31, 1694) p. iv
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 6, 1694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Elector/Duke Fredrick I
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not acquire houses/homes.
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Erster Theil. Die Provinzen: Brandenburg, Ost- und West-Preussen, Sachsen und Schlesien. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian Monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. First Volume. The provinces: Brandenburg, East and West-Prussia, Saxony and Silesia.); (Berlin; 1826)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher A similar edict was on 1694 and December 18, 1696, and then again on September 7, 1697.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 10, 1694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Farther-Pomeranian government
3. Geography of Act	Province of Pomerania
4. Text of Act	1) There shall live no more than 2 escorted Jewish-landlords (‘Juden-Haus-Wirthe’) - who own either their own home or have more than 500 Rthlr [Reichsthaler] in assets - in large Immediat-cities (‘Immediat-Städten’)* in Pomerania. […] only one [Jewish] landlord shall be [tolerated] in a small Mediat-city (‘Mediat-Stadt’)** that has an enceinte; however, in villages and on the countryside (‘offenen Flecken’) no Jew shall be tolerated. 2) A Jew who does not have children must not have more than one unmarried servant or maid […] and have his children who get married move out of the domain. 3) Transient foreign Jews are not to be taken in more than 3 to 4 nights, and they must use the right country-road and have their merchandize sealed. […] 6) No Jewish family may slaughter more than 2-3 cattle, 4-8 sheep, and as many calves […] Unescorted Jews are to be brought before the government.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.) (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher In Prussia, an “Immidiat-Stadt” was a city that was under the direct subordination of the local territorial lord (‘Landesherren’). *A ‘Mediat-Stadt’ was a city that was subordinate to the nobility or the administration of that ruling power.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 25, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Jew-Ordinance, issued by Princess-Abbess Bernadine Sophia, for the City of Essen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. No Jew or Jewess shall take up residence in our lands without our signed and sealed letter of protection, under penalty of severe corporal punishment. 3. Those Jews here with our permission shall not be seen or heard on Christian holidays, nor have any Christian wet-nurses or servants, nor live with any Christians under one roof. 5. The Jews shall not loan any money to a man without [the knowledge of] his wife, nor to a woman behind her husband, nor to children, sons, daughters, servants or students.
5. Source	Samuel, Salomon. Geschichte der Juden in Stadt und Stift Essen bis zur Säkularisation des Stifts von 1291 - 1802 (History of the Jews in City and Abbey Essen until the Secularization of the Abbey, from 1291 - 1802). Fredebeul & Koenen: Essen, 1905. Page 104.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 12, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by the government of Sweden for Swedish Pomerania
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	With regard to the special dispensations referred to in the patent dated July 10, 1691 – to enable Jews to obtain a passport to and trade in Swedish Pomerania, when either would normally be prohibited – it is hereby ordered that from now on, no Jew shall be issued any such special permission.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833. Page 301.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 27, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict issued by Friedrich III, Duke of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] When a Jew lends money to a Christian, a distinction should be made, as to whether the loan period is only a few days or a month, and thus, since a Jew often makes a living from this, the same should be allowed twelve thalers interest out of a principal of one hundred, or at the most four and twenty, in proportion to an annual interest rate; when, however, the loan period is a whole year, no Jew shall take more than twelve per hundred.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. (Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands). Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 205.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 14, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Eberhard von Danckelmann* on behalf of Fredrick III
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick the III, Margrave of Brandenburg by grace of God […] have noticed to our displeasure that a lot of Jews settle in our cities without our gracious permission and pursue trade and business […] we have deigned to order that […] unprotected Jews who are found in any of our cities are stopped using any means necessary to pay the common protection-fee, and then expelled from the land. That is why we prohibit all of our officers and magistrates in all of our cities herewith to accept or to tolerate any Jew without our special concession, but to rather remove such Jews immediately. If a protected Jew wishes to host another, he may do so for no more than 3 days under any circumstances. The host, the foreigner or even if necessary, the entire Jewry in a particular community shall be required to pay one Ducats for each 24 hours they overstays this limit. […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Eberhard von Danckelmann served as Prime Minister of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1692-97.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 26, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Act for raising money for and towards the defense of this island, passed by the House of Assembly of Jamaica
3. Geography of Act	Jamaica
4. Text of Act	And be it further Enacted and ordained by the authority aforesaid, that the Nation and People of the Jews, residing within this island, pay or cause to be paid […] over and above and besides the tax [the tax on all inhabitants], the sum of Seven Hundred and Fifty Pounds, to be raised, rated, assessed, taxed, collected and paid by [names of 12 Jews follow] or any five of them […] within a month.
5. Source	The Portuguese Jews of Jamaica. Mordechai Arbell. Canoe Press, 2000: Jamaica. Page 44.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 16, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition pertaining to the pre-acquisition and purchase of Yarns*” issued by Elector Frederick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Poland; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	By the grace of god, We, Frederick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’), Duke of Saxony, [… prohibit the detrimental pre-acquisition and purchase of yarn in the country (on the countryside) and its export into foreign cities and provinces …]. This prohibition should be understood to certainly be applicable to Jews. And we order Our prelates, dukes, lords, those of the knighthood, mayors, officers, judges [various authorities named] to pay close attention to them (Jews) during annual and weekly markets […] and to avoid such purchases if necessary with confiscation […].
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht gegeben und in richtige Ordnung gebracht von Johann Christian Lünig. (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - issued and published constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony, given light and brought into proper order by Johann Christian Lünig.); (Leipzig; 1724);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *This refers to the acquisition and export of yarn and similar products. While the prohibition appears to be addressed to all subjects, the above except is addressed solely to Jews in which local authorities are asked to pay close attention to any transgressions specifically committed by Jews.