Acts – Page 68 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	An Act against Jews ingrossing Commodities imported in the Leeward Islands, and trading with the Slaves belonging to the Inhabitants of the same
3. Geography of Act	Antigua
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) An Act against Jews ingrossing Commodities imported in the Leeward Islands, and trading with the Slaves belonging to the Inhabitants of the same Laws of the Leeward Islands, 3. Referenced in: The Laws of the Island of Antigua: Consisting of the Acts of the Leeward Islands, Commencing 8. Novem. 1690 Ending 21. April 1798, and the Acts of Antigua Commencing 10. April 1668, Ending 7. May 1804 : with Prefixed to Each Volume, Analytical Tables of the Titles of the Acts, and at the End of the Whole, a Copious Digested Index, no.11, Volume 1. (London; 1805: Bagster) (August 31, 1694) p. iv
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 6, 1694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Elector/Duke Fredrick I
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not acquire houses/homes.
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Erster Theil. Die Provinzen: Brandenburg, Ost- und West-Preussen, Sachsen und Schlesien. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian Monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. First Volume. The provinces: Brandenburg, East and West-Prussia, Saxony and Silesia.); (Berlin; 1826)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A similar edict was on 1694 and December 18, 1696, and then again on September 7, 1697.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 10, 1694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Farther-Pomeranian government
3. Geography of Act	Province of Pomerania
4. Text of Act	1) There shall live no more than 2 escorted Jewish-landlords (‘Juden-Haus-Wirthe’) - who own either their own home or have more than 500 Rthlr [Reichsthaler] in assets - in large Immediat-cities (‘Immediat-Städten’)* in Pomerania. […] only one [Jewish] landlord shall be [tolerated] in a small Mediat-city (‘Mediat-Stadt’)** that has an enceinte; however, in villages and on the countryside (‘offenen Flecken’) no Jew shall be tolerated. 2) A Jew who does not have children must not have more than one unmarried servant or maid […] and have his children who get married move out of the domain. 3) Transient foreign Jews are not to be taken in more than 3 to 4 nights, and they must use the right country-road and have their merchandize sealed. […] 6) No Jewish family may slaughter more than 2-3 cattle, 4-8 sheep, and as many calves […] Unescorted Jews are to be brought before the government.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.) (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher In Prussia, an “Immidiat-Stadt” was a city that was under the direct subordination of the local territorial lord (‘Landesherren’). *A ‘Mediat-Stadt’ was a city that was subordinate to the nobility or the administration of that ruling power.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 25, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Imperial Jew-Ordinance, issued by Princess-Abbess Bernadine Sophia, for the City of Essen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. No Jew or Jewess shall take up residence in our lands without our signed and sealed letter of protection, under penalty of severe corporal punishment. 3. Those Jews here with our permission shall not be seen or heard on Christian holidays, nor have any Christian wet-nurses or servants, nor live with any Christians under one roof. 5. The Jews shall not loan any money to a man without [the knowledge of] his wife, nor to a woman behind her husband, nor to children, sons, daughters, servants or students.
5. Source	Samuel, Salomon. Geschichte der Juden in Stadt und Stift Essen bis zur Säkularisation des Stifts von 1291 - 1802 (History of the Jews in City and Abbey Essen until the Secularization of the Abbey, from 1291 - 1802). Fredebeul & Koenen: Essen, 1905. Page 104.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 12, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by the government of Sweden for Swedish Pomerania
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	With regard to the special dispensations referred to in the patent dated July 10, 1691 – to enable Jews to obtain a passport to and trade in Swedish Pomerania, when either would normally be prohibited – it is hereby ordered that from now on, no Jew shall be issued any such special permission.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833. Page 301.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 27, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict issued by Friedrich III, Duke of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] When a Jew lends money to a Christian, a distinction should be made, as to whether the loan period is only a few days or a month, and thus, since a Jew often makes a living from this, the same should be allowed twelve thalers interest out of a principal of one hundred, or at the most four and twenty, in proportion to an annual interest rate; when, however, the loan period is a whole year, no Jew shall take more than twelve per hundred.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. (Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands). Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 205.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 14, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Eberhard von Danckelmann* on behalf of Fredrick III
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick the III, Margrave of Brandenburg by grace of God […] have noticed to our displeasure that a lot of Jews settle in our cities without our gracious permission and pursue trade and business […] we have deigned to order that […] unprotected Jews who are found in any of our cities are stopped using any means necessary to pay the common protection-fee, and then expelled from the land. That is why we prohibit all of our officers and magistrates in all of our cities herewith to accept or to tolerate any Jew without our special concession, but to rather remove such Jews immediately. If a protected Jew wishes to host another, he may do so for no more than 3 days under any circumstances. The host, the foreigner or even if necessary, the entire Jewry in a particular community shall be required to pay one Ducats for each 24 hours they overstays this limit. […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Eberhard von Danckelmann served as Prime Minister of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1692-97.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 26, 1695
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Act for raising money for and towards the defense of this island, passed by the House of Assembly of Jamaica
3. Geography of Act	Jamaica
4. Text of Act	And be it further Enacted and ordained by the authority aforesaid, that the Nation and People of the Jews, residing within this island, pay or cause to be paid […] over and above and besides the tax [the tax on all inhabitants], the sum of Seven Hundred and Fifty Pounds, to be raised, rated, assessed, taxed, collected and paid by [names of 12 Jews follow] or any five of them […] within a month.
5. Source	The Portuguese Jews of Jamaica. Mordechai Arbell. Canoe Press, 2000: Jamaica. Page 44.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 16, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition pertaining to the pre-acquisition and purchase of Yarns*” issued by Elector Frederick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Poland; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	By the grace of god, We, Frederick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’), Duke of Saxony, [… prohibit the detrimental pre-acquisition and purchase of yarn in the country (on the countryside) and its export into foreign cities and provinces …]. This prohibition should be understood to certainly be applicable to Jews. And we order Our prelates, dukes, lords, those of the knighthood, mayors, officers, judges [various authorities named] to pay close attention to them (Jews) during annual and weekly markets […] and to avoid such purchases if necessary with confiscation […].
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht gegeben und in richtige Ordnung gebracht von Johann Christian Lünig. (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - issued and published constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony, given light and brought into proper order by Johann Christian Lünig.); (Leipzig; 1724);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *This refers to the acquisition and export of yarn and similar products. While the prohibition appears to be addressed to all subjects, the above except is addressed solely to Jews in which local authorities are asked to pay close attention to any transgressions specifically committed by Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 25, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance of the [Prince-]Elector of Brandenburg” issued by Duke Frederick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Brandenburg / Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] the 'lower-authorities' (‘Unterobrigkeit’)* shall not accept/take in Jews who do not have the [prince-]elector’s protection (‘Vergleitung’) […]. […] the right to accept Jews into the land, to tolerate, to remove/expel them – according to the circumstances – is part of the territorial sovereignty, [a right] that exist in our German empire, […] only princes (‘Fürsten’) and estates of the realm (‘Stände’) are entitled to dispense their consent, privilege, or concession [while] no city or vassal may exercise this right. […]
5. Source	Policey- und Cameral-Magazin in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nah richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen praktisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze und hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden. Fünfter Band welcher J und R enthält herausgegeben von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius; (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1770); (Police and State-Economy Repository/Journal in which principal and most important materials of Police and State Economy have been dealt with [and listed] in alphabetical order and in proper and rational manner and explained through territorial laws and occasionally made real by establishments. Fifth Volume which contains J to R and published by Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius); (Frankfurt am/near Main; 1770)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *“Unterobrigkeit” were “secondary” authority figures like mayors, bailiffs etc.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent regarding stores and stalls/kiosks of Jews in the various localities” by Eberhard von Danckelmann* on behalf of Fredrick III
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	After His Serene Highness, the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and […] Our gracious lord, have received a number of humble [complaints] from [the various guilds …] that the ordinances of 1693 regarding Jewish-stores and stalls/kiosks […] are no longer regarded very much, so that not only those stores that were closed in the past are now open again, but the number of stalls/kiosks have increased in such a manner, that it is now nearly impossible to walk through any street in Berlin without encountering Jewish-stores/businesses (‘Juden-Gewölbe’) that sell all sorts of knick-knacks to the detriment of the local businesses […] this is why His Serene Highness orders with the power of this: 1) […] local protected Jews who have established a store or a stall/kiosk after the year 1690 are to close these down and not to reestablish them in the future, even if that is noted in their letters of protection […].
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Eberhard von Danckelmann served as Prime Minister of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1692-97.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 20, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the City Council of (Bad) Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Wimpfen
4. Text of Act	Jews shall neither peddle in the city nor in the valley (‘Thal’) […].
5. Source	Wimpfen am Neckar. Geschichtlich und topographisch nach historischen Mittheilungen und archäologischen Studien dargestellt von Dr. A. von Lorent, Ritter des Großherzoglichen Badischen Zähringer Löwenordens mit Eichenlaub und dem königlich Württembergischen Kronen- und Friedrichs-Orden ([Bad] Wimpfen by Neckar. Presented historically and topographically based on historical reports and archeological studies by A. Von Lorent, PhD, Knight of the Order of the Zähringer-Lion* of the Grand-Duchy of Baden with oak-leaf-cluster and the Royal Württemberg crown and Friedrich Order*); (Stuttgart; 1870);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Orders of merit.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 12, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Frankfurter Settlement/Establishment” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall upkeep and maintain the homes in which they live and their roofs in good conditions, however, they are not to demolish/take down any part or make any additions except when such (changes) have been reported and inspected. [Furthermore,] they are not to build any overhangs […]
5. Source	Versuch einer Einleitung in die Staatsverfassung er Reichsstadt Frankfurt. Zweyter Theil. (Abschnitt 4); von Johann Anton von Moritz. (“Introductory attempt of the State Constitution of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part two. By Johann Anton von Moritz. (Section 4)”); (Frankfurt a. Main; 1786);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 20, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance of the City Council of (Bad) Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Imperial City of Wimpfen / Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not peddle in the city [of Wimpfen] or in the valley or in Hohenstadt* or face a fine of 20 fl. [Reichsthaler].
5. Source	Körner, Th: Die Geschichte der Stadt Wimpfen. (History of the City of Wimpfen); (Heilbronn; 1846);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Hohenstadt is a city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 22, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order to S. Oppenheimer and Simon Wertheimer
3. Geography of Act	Archdukedom of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not to be offered any shelter. Jews, who 'walk around' [in the country] without a license, are to be arrested.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 266.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 18, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Elector/Duke Fredrick I
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not to purchases houses/homes.
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Erster Theil. Die Provinzen: Brandenburg, Ost- und West-Preussen, Sachsen und Schlesien. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian Monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. First Volume. The provinces: Brandenburg, East and West-Prussia, Saxony and Silesia.); (Berlin; 1826)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A similar edict was issued on March 6, 1694, and September 9, 1697.

1. Full Date of Act	1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued in Yiddish by the Bishoprics** of Metz, 1697*
3. Geography of Act	France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"[…] Young (Jewish) men and women, and particularly servants of both sexes, are not permitted to go to a dance at night without having been invited, under penalty of a fine of one Reichstahler."
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The exact date of this ordinance is unknown. **A Bishoprics is the office of the Bishop held by a "prince-bishop" who was also the civil ruler of a secular principality. A prince-bishop was usually considered an elected monarch.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 21, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Conclusion” (‘Conclusum’) of the Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews who have shops/stalls outside of their alley/ghetto (‘Gasse’) in the city [of Frankfurt], are to close these - without exception […] within 14 days of publication of this edict […] Inn-keepers, hostel-owners, and such are no longer permitted to rent rooms to [foreign] Jews for this purpose […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Vierter Theil. Commerciengesetze (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part four. Commercial Laws); (Frankfurt am Main; 1798)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above decision of the Senate was made public on January 27, 1697.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 16, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the City Council of Halle
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Magdeburg
4. Text of Act	[…Assur Marx* may retain the garden [house] under the condition …] that he may not rent/lease/offer (‘elocieren’)* it to anyone except to honest and unsuspicious Christians, and never to vagabonding/roaming (‘umschweifende’) and unprotected Jews […]
5. Source	Kisch, Guido: Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte der Juden in Halle 1686-1730. (Legal and social history of Jews in Halle from 1686-1730); (Berlin; 1970);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *The purchasing of this garden was initially granted by the community to Assur Marx in exchange for two Thaler in interest as well as other considerable contributions.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 21, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Sweden; Swedish-Pomerania / Swedish Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews are required to leave Swedish-Pomerania. Those with concession are to return them and leave the land within four weeks.
5. Source	Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Landesbüro Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Wolfgang Wilhelmus. Juden in Vorpommern. Reihe. Beiträge zur Geschichte Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Nr. 8. (Friedrich-Ebert-Endowment. State office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Series. Contributions to the history of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, No. 8); (Schwerin; 2007); www.fes.de; Accessed online;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 7, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Elector/Duke Frederick I
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] that the Jews shall not purchase any homes.
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Erster Theil. Die Provinzen: Brandenburg, Ost- und West-Preussen, Sachsen und Schlesien. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian Monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. First Volume. The provinces: Brandenburg, East and West-Prussia, Saxony and Silesia.); (Berlin; 1826)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A similar edict was issued on March 6, 1694, and December 18, 1696.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 24, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Schardius* […] of behalf of Fredrick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] henceforth, Jews are no longer permitted to acquire real-estate […] and those that are owned by Jews who do not have a blood-heir, shall be turned over to the highest-bidding Christian upon their death. […]
5. Source	Anhang des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum Fünfften Theils. Zweyten Abtheilung. Cap. X. hält in sich Die General-Privilegia und Gulde-Briefe derer in the Chur und Mark Brandenburg bis- und jenes der Oder und Elbe befindlichen Zünfte und Handwerke, wie schon nach dem 16. August 1731 emanirten und in der Chur und Mark Brandenburg unsre dem 6. August 1732. publicirten Reichs-Constitution, mit Aufhebung derer alten Innungs-Briefe neu abgestattet und nach Ordnung der Zeit, wie sie publiciret sind, hier zusammen gedruckt worden. Kaiserliche Kurfürstliche Hofbibliothek. (“Supplement to the Constitution of the Margraviate. Fifth part. Twentieth section. Chapter X. contains the general-privileges and the letters/orders of the guilds in the electorate and margraviate of Brandenburg covering all [local craftsmen] guilds [located] all the way to the Oder and Elbe as it was issued as per August 16, 1731, in the Electorate and Margraviate of Brandenburg and published along with the state constitution of August 6, 1732, they are listed and printed here in chronological order as they were published after the abolishment of the old guild letters/orders. [From the] Imperial-Electoral Court Library.”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Though the text itself is vague, this decree was most likely written by Levin Schardius; the name Schardius points to a number of state servants - possibly from the same family tree.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 20, 1698
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Fürst*/Bishop Johann Hugo von Orsbeck
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	It is prohibited to lease or sell houses to Jews which are located near a church or church ground. And Jews who have already purchased such a home are to vacate these, or to exchange or sell them.
5. Source	Remling, Franz Xaver: Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer. Zweiter Band; (History of the Bishops of Speyer. Second volume.); (Mainz; 1854);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Fürst relates to the word “first” and was a title of nobility given to princes or (Arch-)Bishops in charge of a Stift.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 3, 1698
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Regarding the Accis"* of Jews issued by Johann Gottfried, Bishop of Würzburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[…] His most-esteemed Prince and Lord, Lord Johann Gottfried, Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Franconia [waves the various common taxes and levies for most subjects …] Jews [on the other hand] are to keep only the first two front quarters of each cattle accis/tax-free, for home consumption; the rest of the meat, however, is to be taxed 1 penny per pound of meat […]
5. Source	Thesavrvs Ivris Franconic, Oder Sammlung theils gedruckter theils ungedruckter Abhandlungen, Dissertationen, Programmen, Gutachten, Gesätze, Urkunden, usw. welches das Fränkische und besonders hochfürstliche Wirzburgische Geistliche, Weltliche, Bürgerliche, Peinliche, Polizey- und Kammerrecht erläutern usw. Des Zweyten Abschnittes eilftes Heft. (Wirzburg; 1789); (Thesaurus/Catalogue of Franconia. Or a collection of partly printed, partly unprinted treatises, dissertations, programs, expert reports, laws, and legal documents, etc. which explain church-, secular-, civil-, penal-, police-, and chamber-laws in Franconia, and especially in the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg. The second part of the eighteenth booklet.”); (Würzburg; 1789);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Accis (latin) was an indirect form of taxation.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 2, 1698
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Renewal of Conclusion”* of the Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	I. […] Jews are prohibited to peddle or face a fine of 12 Gulden [per offense …] II. […] Jews are not to approach/bother foreigners with their merchandise and clothes (for sale) or face a fine of 6 Gulden […]. III. […] Jews are not to have more than six sale/stalls, and they cannot be accessed (seen) from the streets/open to the street [… or a fine of 24 is to be imposed…]. Jews may no longer trade with gold, silver, except ones that are deemed real [as per old Roman standard …] nor export such […].
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Vierter Theil. Commerciengesetze (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part four. Commercial Laws); (Frankfurt am Main; 1798);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Exceptions are made. The above text has been summarized and abbreviated to fit the allocated space. It can be found in its entirely in the cited source.