OAJA Acts

Page 69 of 155

1. Full Date of Act
Jul. 25, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance of the [Prince-]Elector of Brandenburg” issued by Duke Frederick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act
Duchy of Brandenburg / Prussia
4. Text of Act

[…] the 'lower-authorities' (‘Unterobrigkeit’)* shall not accept/take in Jews who do not have the [prince-]elector’s protection (‘Vergleitung’) […]. […] the right to accept Jews into the land, to tolerate, to remove/expel them – according to the circumstances – is part of the territorial sovereignty, [a right] that exist in our German empire, […] only princes (‘Fürsten’) and estates of the realm (‘Stände’) are entitled to dispense their consent, privilege, or concession [while] no city or vassal may exercise this right. […]
5. Source
Policey- und Cameral-Magazin in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nah richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen praktisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze und hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden. Fünfter Band welcher J und R enthält herausgegeben von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius; (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1770); (Police and State-Economy Repository/Journal in which principal and most important materials of Police and State Economy have been dealt with [and listed] in alphabetical order and in proper and rational manner and explained through territorial laws and occasionally made real by establishments. Fifth Volume which contains J to R and published by Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius); (Frankfurt am/near Main; 1770)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
Research
2017
Translation
8. Notes
Researcher
*“Unterobrigkeit” were “secondary” authority figures like mayors, bailiffs etc.
1. Full Date of Act
Oct. 16, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Patent regarding stores and stalls/kiosks of Jews in the various localities” by Eberhard von Danckelmann* on behalf of Fredrick III
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act

After His Serene Highness, the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and […] Our gracious lord, have received a number of humble [complaints] from [the various guilds …] that the ordinances of 1693 regarding Jewish-stores and stalls/kiosks […] are no longer regarded very much, so that not only those stores that were closed in the past are now open again, but the number of stalls/kiosks have increased in such a manner, that it is now nearly impossible to walk through any street in Berlin without encountering Jewish-stores/businesses (‘Juden-Gewölbe’) that sell all sorts of knick-knacks to the detriment of the local businesses […] this is why His Serene Highness orders with the power of this: 1) […] local protected Jews who have established a store or a stall/kiosk after the year 1690 are to close these down and not to reestablish them in the future, even if that is noted in their letters of protection […].
5. Source
Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
*Eberhard von Danckelmann served as Prime Minister of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1692-97.
1. Full Date of Act
Oct. 20, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Order” issued by the City Council of (Bad) Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Wimpfen
4. Text of Act

Jews shall neither peddle in the city nor in the valley (‘Thal’) […].
5. Source
Wimpfen am Neckar. Geschichtlich und topographisch nach historischen Mittheilungen und archäologischen Studien dargestellt von Dr. A. von Lorent, Ritter des Großherzoglichen Badischen Zähringer Löwenordens mit Eichenlaub und dem königlich Württembergischen Kronen- und Friedrichs-Orden ([Bad] Wimpfen by Neckar. Presented historically and topographically based on historical reports and archeological studies by A. Von Lorent, PhD, Knight of the Order of the Zähringer-Lion* of the Grand-Duchy of Baden with oak-leaf-cluster and the Royal Württemberg crown and Friedrich Order*); (Stuttgart; 1870);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
Orders of merit.
1. Full Date of Act
Nov. 12, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Frankfurter Settlement/Establishment” issued in the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act

[…] Jews shall upkeep and maintain the homes in which they live and their roofs in good conditions, however, they are not to demolish/take down any part or make any additions except when such (changes) have been reported and inspected. [Furthermore,] they are not to build any overhangs […]
5. Source
Versuch einer Einleitung in die Staatsverfassung er Reichsstadt Frankfurt. Zweyter Theil. (Abschnitt 4); von Johann Anton von Moritz. (“Introductory attempt of the State Constitution of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part two. By Johann Anton von Moritz. (Section 4)”); (Frankfurt a. Main; 1786);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Nov. 20, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Ordinance of the City Council of (Bad) Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Imperial City of Wimpfen / Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act

[…] Jews shall not peddle in the city [of Wimpfen] or in the valley or in Hohenstadt* or face a fine of 20 fl. [Reichsthaler].
5. Source
Körner, Th: Die Geschichte der Stadt Wimpfen. (History of the City of Wimpfen); (Heilbronn; 1846);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
*Hohenstadt is a city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
1. Full Date of Act
Nov. 22, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Order to S. Oppenheimer and Simon Wertheimer
3. Geography of Act
Archdukedom of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

[…] Jews are not to be offered any shelter. Jews, who 'walk around' [in the country] without a license, are to be arrested.
5. Source
Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 266.
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2016
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Dec. 18, 1696
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Edict” issued by Elector/Duke Fredrick I
3. Geography of Act
Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act

[…] Jews are not to purchases houses/homes.
5. Source
Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Erster Theil. Die Provinzen: Brandenburg, Ost- und West-Preussen, Sachsen und Schlesien. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian Monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. First Volume. The provinces: Brandenburg, East and West-Prussia, Saxony and Silesia.); (Berlin; 1826)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
A similar edict was issued on March 6, 1694, and September 9, 1697.
1. Full Date of Act
1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Jewish Ordinance” issued in Yiddish by the Bishoprics** of Metz, 1697*
3. Geography of Act
France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act

"[…] Young (Jewish) men and women, and particularly servants of both sexes, are not permitted to go to a dance at night without having been invited, under penalty of a fine of one Reichstahler."

5. Source
Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research
2016
8. Notes
Researcher
The exact date of this ordinance is unknown. **A Bishoprics is the office of the Bishop held by a "prince-bishop" who was also the civil ruler of a secular principality. A prince-bishop was usually considered an elected monarch.
1. Full Date of Act
Jan. 21, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Decision/Conclusion” (‘Conclusum’) of the Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act

[…] all Jews who have shops/stalls outside of their alley/ghetto (‘Gasse’) in the city [of Frankfurt], are to close these - without exception […] within 14 days of publication of this edict […] Inn-keepers, hostel-owners, and such are no longer permitted to rent rooms to [foreign] Jews for this purpose […]
5. Source
Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Vierter Theil. Commerciengesetze (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part four. Commercial Laws); (Frankfurt am Main; 1798)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
The above decision of the Senate was made public on January 27, 1697.
1. Full Date of Act
Feb. 16, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Writ” of the City Council of Halle
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Duchy of Magdeburg
4. Text of Act

[…Assur Marx* may retain the garden [house] under the condition …] that he may not rent/lease/offer (‘elocieren’)* it to anyone except to honest and unsuspicious Christians, and never to vagabonding/roaming (‘umschweifende’) and unprotected Jews […]
5. Source
Kisch, Guido: Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte der Juden in Halle 1686-1730. (Legal and social history of Jews in Halle from 1686-1730); (Berlin; 1970);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
*The purchasing of this garden was initially granted by the community to Assur Marx in exchange for two Thaler in interest as well as other considerable contributions.
1. Full Date of Act
Jun. 21, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Order” issued by the government
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany, Sweden; Swedish-Pomerania / Swedish Empire
4. Text of Act

[…] all Jews are required to leave Swedish-Pomerania. Those with concession are to return them and leave the land within four weeks.
5. Source
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Landesbüro Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Wolfgang Wilhelmus. Juden in Vorpommern. Reihe. Beiträge zur Geschichte Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Nr. 8. (Friedrich-Ebert-Endowment. State office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Series. Contributions to the history of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, No. 8); (Schwerin; 2007); www.fes.de; Accessed online;
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 7, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Edict” issued by Elector/Duke Frederick I
3. Geography of Act
Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act

[…] that the Jews shall not purchase any homes.
5. Source
Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Erster Theil. Die Provinzen: Brandenburg, Ost- und West-Preussen, Sachsen und Schlesien. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian Monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. First Volume. The provinces: Brandenburg, East and West-Prussia, Saxony and Silesia.); (Berlin; 1826)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
A similar edict was issued on March 6, 1694, and December 18, 1696.
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 24, 1697
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance” issued by Schardius* […] of behalf of Fredrick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act

[…] henceforth, Jews are no longer permitted to acquire real-estate […] and those that are owned by Jews who do not have a blood-heir, shall be turned over to the highest-bidding Christian upon their death. […]
5. Source
Anhang des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum Fünfften Theils. Zweyten Abtheilung. Cap. X. hält in sich Die General-Privilegia und Gulde-Briefe derer in the Chur und Mark Brandenburg bis- und jenes der Oder und Elbe befindlichen Zünfte und Handwerke, wie schon nach dem 16. August 1731 emanirten und in der Chur und Mark Brandenburg unsre dem 6. August 1732. publicirten Reichs-Constitution, mit Aufhebung derer alten Innungs-Briefe neu abgestattet und nach Ordnung der Zeit, wie sie publiciret sind, hier zusammen gedruckt worden. Kaiserliche Kurfürstliche Hofbibliothek. (“Supplement to the Constitution of the Margraviate. Fifth part. Twentieth section. Chapter X. contains the general-privileges and the letters/orders of the guilds in the electorate and margraviate of Brandenburg covering all [local craftsmen] guilds [located] all the way to the Oder and Elbe as it was issued as per August 16, 1731, in the Electorate and Margraviate of Brandenburg and published along with the state constitution of August 6, 1732, they are listed and printed here in chronological order as they were published after the abolishment of the old guild letters/orders. [From the] Imperial-Electoral Court Library.”);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
Though the text itself is vague, this decree was most likely written by Levin Schardius; the name Schardius points to a number of state servants - possibly from the same family tree.
1. Full Date of Act
Jan. 20, 1698
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance” issued by the Fürst*/Bishop Johann Hugo von Orsbeck
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act

It is prohibited to lease or sell houses to Jews which are located near a church or church ground. And Jews who have already purchased such a home are to vacate these, or to exchange or sell them.
5. Source
Remling, Franz Xaver: Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer. Zweiter Band; (History of the Bishops of Speyer. Second volume.); (Mainz; 1854);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
Fürst relates to the word “first” and was a title of nobility given to princes or (Arch-)Bishops in charge of a Stift.
1. Full Date of Act
Jul. 3, 1698
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
"Regarding the Accis"* of Jews issued by Johann Gottfried, Bishop of Würzburg
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act

[…] His most-esteemed Prince and Lord, Lord Johann Gottfried, Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Franconia [waves the various common taxes and levies for most subjects …] Jews [on the other hand] are to keep only the first two front quarters of each cattle accis/tax-free, for home consumption; the rest of the meat, however, is to be taxed 1 penny per pound of meat […]
5. Source
Thesavrvs Ivris Franconic, Oder Sammlung theils gedruckter theils ungedruckter Abhandlungen, Dissertationen, Programmen, Gutachten, Gesätze, Urkunden, usw. welches das Fränkische und besonders hochfürstliche Wirzburgische Geistliche, Weltliche, Bürgerliche, Peinliche, Polizey- und Kammerrecht erläutern usw. Des Zweyten Abschnittes eilftes Heft. (Wirzburg; 1789); (Thesaurus/Catalogue of Franconia. Or a collection of partly printed, partly unprinted treatises, dissertations, programs, expert reports, laws, and legal documents, etc. which explain church-, secular-, civil-, penal-, police-, and chamber-laws in Franconia, and especially in the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg. The second part of the eighteenth booklet.”); (Würzburg; 1789);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
*Accis (latin) was an indirect form of taxation.
1. Full Date of Act
Aug. 2, 1698
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Renewal of Conclusion”* of the Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act

I. […] Jews are prohibited to peddle or face a fine of 12 Gulden [per offense …*] II. […] Jews are not to approach/bother foreigners with their merchandise and clothes (for sale) or face a fine of 6 Gulden […*]. III. […] Jews are not to have more than six sale/stalls, and they cannot be accessed (seen) from the streets/open to the street [… or a fine of 24 is to be imposed…]. Jews may no longer trade with gold, silver, except ones that are deemed real [as per old Roman standard …] nor export such […].
5. Source
Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Vierter Theil. Commerciengesetze (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part four. Commercial Laws); (Frankfurt am Main; 1798);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
*Exceptions are made. The above text has been summarized and abbreviated to fit the allocated space. It can be found in its entirely in the cited source.
1. Full Date of Act
Feb. 13, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“General Ordinance” issued by Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Schmettau and addressed to all governmental agencies in the Electorate of Brandenburg
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act

Friedrich the third, Margrave of Brandenburg by the grace of God […] do no longer wish to permit Jews to acquire houses and real-estate in our lands in whatever manner it may be without our explicit permission […] and order you herewith graciously and earnestly […] that our wish is heeded obediently […]
5. Source
Anhang des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum Fünfften Theils. Zweyten Abtheilung. Cap. X. hält in sich Die General-Privilegia und Gulde-Briefe derer in the Chur und Mark Brandenburg bis- und jenes der Oder und Elbe befindlichen Zünfte und Handwerke, wie schon nach dem 16. August 1731 emanirten und in der Chur und Mark Brandenburg unsre dem 6. August 1732. publicirten Reichs-Constitution, mit Aufhebung derer alten Innungs-Briefe neu abgestattet und nach Ordnung der Zeit, wie sie publiciret sind, hier zusammen gedruckt worden. Kaiserliche Kurfürstliche Hofbibliothek. (Supplement to the Constitution of the Margraviate. Fifth part. Twentieth section. Chapter X. contains the general-privileges and the letters/orders of the guilds in the Electorate and Margraviate of Brandenburg covering all [local craftsmen] guilds [located] all the way to the Oder and Elbe as it was issued as per August 16, 1731, in the electorate and margrave of Brandenburg and published along with the state constitution of August 6, 1732, they are listed and printed here in chronological order as they were published after the abolishment of the old guild letters/orders. [From the] Imperial-Electoral Court Library.);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2019
8. Notes
Researcher
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Schmettau was a Prussian Lieutenant General.
1. Full Date of Act
Feb. 20, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance” issued by the Farther-Pomeranian government
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Poland; Province of Pomerania
4. Text of Act

As per the rescript issued on the 13th of this month, Jews shall not acquire homes and property in His Highness, the [Prince-]Elector’s domains without His special permission/concession, which They do not intend to grant, except under very significant circumstances/cases […].
5. Source
David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.): (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
The document is signed by ‘von Ramel’ and ‘Schröder.’ Von Ramel was a Pomeranian nobility.
1. Full Date of Act
May 13, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Restrictions on the sale and storage of goods by the Jewish community.
3. Geography of Act
Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act

Jews, who are not prevented from selling goods in their houses, as well as ordering or collecting them themselves, are not allowed to keep any storage space, nor are they allowed to peddle goods in public or outside of the fair period.
5. Source
"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 480-482, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Jun. 6, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Order of the Sovereign-Prince” issued by Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Greifenclau zu Vollraths
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act

[…] foreign Jews are prohibited to peddle with lemons and bitter oranges and such items whether it may be during or outside of the fairs and annual markets […] and they may only have proper shops/stalls in a particular area.
5. Source
Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Jun. 19, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Decree prohibiting Jewish participation in the leather trade.
3. Geography of Act
Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act

We hereby decree and order that, from now on, no … bunglers, scoundrels or Jews, shall peddle leather in our towns, markets, and villages, nor shall they sell it outside of the fairs, nor shall they take the leather to the innkeepers or other shops.
5. Source
"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 483-484, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Researcher
A similar restriction was previously enforced under a decree published on March 4, 1660. See the above source, pp. 255-256.
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Jul. 18, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Sales Tax Ordinance, issued by Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act

Art. II -- Jews who trade in jewelry, gold and silver, shall make daily payments of 45 kreutzers for each guilder received, in addition to a flat minimum tax of 2 kreutzers per day.
5. Source
Reyscher, August Ludwig (ed.). Vollständige, historisch und kritisch bearbeitete Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Wurttemberg Laws). Vol. 17. Fues: Tübingen, 1839. Page 312.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
Non-Jewish merchants, according to the same ordinance, only paid 4 kreutzers per guilder for the same types of merchandise, and no minimum tax.
1. Full Date of Act
Jul. 29, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“’Cooking/Fermentation Kitchens’ and unlawful presence of Jews in Vienna” decree issued on behalf of the Kaiser to the Lower-Austrian government
3. Geography of Act
Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

From His R. M., also to Hungary and Bohemia […] and Archduke of Austria […] it is said to occur that Jews have 'cooking/fermentation' kitchens (Garkuchel) – one in Ofenloch* and some outside of the city and that they are present here without the gracious consent […] that is why H. R. M. orders the government that the 'cooking/fermentation' kitchens are to be ceased and that Jews without a Passport are to be expelled and those who return receive corporal punishment.
5. Source
Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 266.
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2016
8. Notes
Researcher
“Ofenloch” (sometimes also known as “Ofenlucke”) is today’s famous “Kleeblattgasse” in the heart of Vienna.
1. Full Date of Act
Aug. 22, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Jews at Ofen,” edict issued by Emperor Leopold I, Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

His Imperial Majesty hereby most mercifully resolves with the afore-mentioned, righteous motives, regarding public law as well as faith, but also based on precedence, and damages inflicted upon the citizens of Ofen, […] that the Jewry of Ofen shall no longer be allowed residence there, nor stabiliment.
5. Source
von Guarint, Frantz Anton (ed.). Codex Austriacus: Zu Gemeinsamen Nutzen mit besondern Fleiß zusammen getragen Und das Erstemahl in Druck gelassen, Volume 1. Voigt & Koll: Vienna, 1704. P. 564.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2019
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 11, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Official Mandate” of the Highest Court Marshal (“Obersthofmarschall”)
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

[…] the Jews Oppenheimer and Wertheimer are given permission to retain/employ (‘bey sich halten’) those Jews whom they need for their factories as per the privilege (‘Privilegiums’) granted [to them] by his most-gracious [majesty], however, they are to name/list them (their names) precisely, and in order to avoid repeated inquiry/checking, [they are] to turn in these directories to the court immediately, so that others (Jews) who often sneak in, do not use them as an excuse, but can be removed according to the existing ordinance. […]
5. Source
Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2017
8. Notes
None