Acts – Page 7 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 1, 581
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 issued by Synod of Macon
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	…2. No cleric or layman, unless he is of proved virtue and of advanced age, may for any reason 3 enter a nunnery and have private converse with the nuns; and in general they must only come into the common room. Jews, in particular, must not have access to nunneries…13. Jews may not be judges or tax-gatherers over Christians. 14. From Thursday in Holy Week to the Easter festival, in accordance with an ordinance of the late King Childebert, Jews may not show themselves on streets and public places, because they have done so to insult Christians. Moreover, they must testify respect to all clerics, and must not sit down before priests, unless they are invited to do so. 15. No Christian may partake of meals with Jews under penalty of excommunication. 16. No Christian must henceforth be slave to a Jew; and if a Jew has a Christian slave, any Christian can purchase him for 12 soldi, either in order to set him free, or to employ him as his own slave. If the Jew is not contented, and hesitates to accept the sum defined, the Christian slave may live with Christians where he will. If, however, a Jew is convicted of having wanted to persuade a Christian slave to apostasy, he loses the slave and the right to make a will. 17. If anyone [referring the Jews] misguides, or seeks to misguide, another to false witness [referring to joining Jewish religion] or perjury, he is to be excommunicated for life. Those who agree with him in his perjury are dishonourable, and may not again offer evidence.
5. Source	“A History of the councils of the church, from the original documents. By the Right Rev. Charles Joseph Hefele.” Karl Joseph von Hefele. 1895, Page 403-405. Online book.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	582
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by Chilperic I, son of Clovis
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"To all Jews from Paris to be baptized on pain of having their eyes carved out and come to preside over [their] own execution."
5. Source	Les expulsions des Juifs de France, (The expulsions of the Jews from France) Dr. Richard Rossin, former Secretary General of the MSF. Co-founder of MDM. Delegate of the Collectif Urgence Darfour. Accessed online;
6. Researcher	Cristina Penland
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	583
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict issued by Council of Macon
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “583 Council of Macon (Gaul) Expanded the edicts of the Council of Clermont and included a demand for Jews to respect the Christian clergy. Furthermore, Jews were forced to sell slaves at a lower price than market value if the slave declared his desire to convert.” Eli Birnbaum: “The History of the Jewish People.” (1996-2006)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	589
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Isolation of Jews” decree issued by Reccared I
3. Geography of Act	Visigothic Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Reccared, Visigothic King of Spain, completely isolates Jews from Christians. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 4, 589
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 14 & 24 issued by the Third Council of Toledo
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	The Third Council of Toledo Canon 14: ‘In conformity with the opinion of the Council, our glorious king has ordered to be inserted among the canons, that Jews shall not be permitted to have Christian wives or concubines. All children born from such union are to be brought to baptism; nor shall they be permitted to purchase Christian slaves to serve them. If Christian slaves are circumcised, they shall be liberated without ransom, and they shall revert to the Christian religion. Nor shall they hold any public office whereby they can inflict and punishment on Christians.’ Canon 24: ‘It is decreed, that Jews, in carrying their dead, shall not be permitted to sing Psalms; but they are to observe their ancient customs of bearing and interring their dead. The penalty for transgressing this decree is six ounces of gold to be paid to the count of the city.’
5. Source	“True Barbarians? : The Role of Visigothic Iberia in Medieval Persecutory Discourse.” Justin T. Dellinger. May 2010, page 110. Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 1, 589
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 9 & 14 issued by the Council at Narbonne
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	C.9…It is decreed above anything else that the Jews should not be allowed to sing psalms while accompanying the dead, but they shall accompany the dead and put them to rest according to their usage and ancient custom. If they should dare to do otherwise, they shall pay the city count six ounces of gold…
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 476-478.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	591
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Gregory I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Gregory to the bishops Becauda and Agnellus, on the Hebrews…The Hebrews settled on Terracina supplicated us that they should have permission -with our authority as well - to have the place which they have had until now for a synagogue…But since we have heard that because that place was so close to a church that even the noise of the psalm singers reached there, we wrote to our brother and co-bishop Peter that if indeed the voice from that place is being heard at the church’s entrance, he should stop the Jews from having their celebrations. Your Fraternity should therefore inspect that place diligently, together with the said Peter, and if this is the case, or if it would seem to you that there is something detrimental to the church, provide another place within that fort where the said Hebrews shall assemble and in which they would be able to celebrate their ceremonies without hindrance…We forbid that the said Hebrews be aggrieved or harassed, contrary to reason…They should not be permitted, however, to have Christian slaves.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 423
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 591
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Gregory I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	[Letter from Pope Gregory I] To Virgilius, Bishop of Arles, and Theodorus, Bishop of Marseilles, in Gaul (June 591): …Very many, though indeed of the Jewish religion, resident in this province [Rome], and from time to time traveling for various matters of business to the regions of Marseilles, have apprised us that many of the Jews settled in those parts have been brought to font of baptism more by force than by preaching. Now I consider the intention in such cases to be worthy of praise, and allow that it proceed from love of the Lord. But I fear lest this same intention, unless adequate justification from Holy Scripture accompany it, should either have no profitable effect; or there will ensue further (God forbid) the loss of the very souls which we wish to save. For, when any one is brought to the font of baptism, not by the sweetness of preaching but by compulsion, he returns to his former superstition, and dies the worse from having been born again. Let, therefore, your Fraternity stir up such men by frequent preaching, to the end that through the sweetness of their teacher they may desire the more to change their old life. For so our purpose is rightly accomplished, and the mind of the convert returns not again to his former vomit. Wherefore discourse must be addressed to them, such as may burn up the thorns of error in them, and illuminate what is dark in them by preaching, so that your Fraternity may through your frequent admonition receive a reward for them, so far as God may grant it, to the regeneration of a new life.
5. Source	“Pope Gregory I, ‘Letters on the Treatment of Jews (591, 598)-excerpts.” No author, Accessed online 9/16/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 593
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Jews are to set Christian Slaves Free" issued King Aethelberht I of Kent
3. Geography of Act	England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"Christian slaves bought by the Jews should be set at liberty […]." .
5. Source	Jacobs, Joseph: The Jews of Angevin England: Documents and Record from Latin and Hebrew Sources; (London; 1893)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher The exact date of this decree is unknown

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 593
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Pope Gregory I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Gregory to Ianuarius Bishop of Cagliari [September 593]…It has also come to our attention that slaves and bondwomen of Jews who escape to a church for reason of the faith are either returned to their infidel masters, or their price is given in order that they should be returned. We exhort you, therefore, that you shall never allow that any slave of Jews who would escape to the venerable places for cause of the faith should suffer any harm; but, whether previously Christian or one to be baptized now, he should be defended in his freedom in every way by the religious protection of the ecclesiastical piety, without harming the poor…Let your Fraternity devote such ingenuity in regard to all the said items, that it shall not be found neglecting the series of our admonition nor stand guilty of diminished pastoral zeal in God’s judgment.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 426
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	610
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Judaism Outlawed” edicts issued by King Sisebut
3. Geography of Act	Visigothic Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) After many of his anti-Jewish edicts were ignored, King Sisebur prohibits Judaism. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 29, 611
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expansion on the Synod of Toledo (589)" Issued by King Sisebut of the Westgoths
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act	The Jews were previously forced to accept Christianity, just as ordered during the reign of the most pious prince Sisebut, because it now accepted that they associate with the holy sacraments, and receive the grace of baptism, and are annointed, that they share in the body and blood of the Lord. It is necessary that they are forced to receive our faith by force or obligation, so that the name of the Lord is not held in reproach...
5. Source	Concilium Toletatum IV, Can. LVII
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	612
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Anti-Jewish Policy" issued by Sisebut
3. Geography of Act	Visigothic Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Between February and June 612 two laws were enacted – one was addressed specifically to certain bishops, priests and civil authorities in the south of the Peninsula (Lex Visigothorum 12, 2, 13) and another to the whole population in general (Lex Visigothorum 12, 2, 14) – that prohibited Jew having Christian slaves of maintaining patronage over those they had emancipated. It decreed that converts to Judaism must return to Christianity, and mixed marriages were prohibited, imposing the Catholic faith on the Jewish partner in existing mixed marriages and any children born of them. Jewish proselytism was punishable by death and the offender’s property confiscated, even though the death penalty had been repealed by Reccard. Such measures would have come into force by 1 July 612 and after that date any Jews that still had Christians slaves would be punished by confiscating half of their property, and the slaves would be freed. Bronisch, Alexander Pierre: Die Judengesetzgebung im katholischen Westgotenreich von Toledo (2007); ("Jewish Legislation in the Catholic Visigoth of Toledo")
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher According to Bronisch, the law was enacted sometime in June but would have come into effect on July 1, 612. Original Latin text could possibly be found in Lex Visigothorum 12, 2, 14

1. Full Date of Act	614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” of Sisebut
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] that all Jews are to convert (succumb) to the Christian religion within a year, or they are to lose all of their property and be expelled from Spain.”
5. Source	Weigl, Johann Baptist: Theologisch-Chronische Behandlung über das wahre Geburts- und Sterb-Jahr Jesu Christi von Johann Baptist Weigl. Zweiter, praktischer Theil. (Theological-chronological treatment of the real birth-year and year-of-death of Jesus Christ. Second part.); (Sulzbach; 1849);
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Although the document is not signed, the historian Baronius has proven, using hand-writing analysis, that this document was indeed drafted by Sisebut.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 10, 614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 15 issued at the Council of Paris, convoked by Clothar II.
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of the Franks
4. Text of Act	That no Jew may take any kind of military or public action against Christians or petition the prince or take action. But if he tries, let him, with all his family, receive the grace of baptism from the bishop of the city where the action was filed, against the statutes of the canons.
5. Source	“Monvmenta Germaniae Historica inde ab anno Christi Quingentesimo usque ad Annum Millesimum et Quingentesimum. Legum Sectio II. Capitularia Regum Francorum [Monuments of German History from the Year of Christ the Fifth Hundred to the Year of the Thousand and Five Hundred. Section of the Laws - II. Chapters of the Kings of the Franks], Society for Opening the Sources of Germanic History of the Middle Ages, Hanover, 1883, p. 22, available from dmgh.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in Latin in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 10, 614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 17 issued at Synod of Paris
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	That none of the Jews shall dare to petition the prince or exercise anything whatever of a public office or public function over Christians. If he should attempt it, he shall obtain the grace of baptism, with all his family, at the hands of the bishop of that city in which he exercised this function of defiance of the canonical enactment.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the legal sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 478-479
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 18, 614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Article 10 of the Edict of Paris, issued by Chlothar II.
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of the Franks
4. Text of Act	Jews should not engage in public actions against Christians. Whoever shall assume to associate himself with … your … gods, let him incur the most severe law according to canon law.
5. Source	“Monvmenta Germaniae Historica inde ab anno Christi Quingentesimo usque ad Annum Millesimum et Quingentesimum. Legum Sectio II. Capitularia Regum Francorum [Monuments of German History from the Year of Christ the Fifth Hundred to the Year of the Thousand and Five Hundred. Section of the Laws - II. Chapters of the Kings of the Franks], Society for Opening the Sources of Germanic History of the Middle Ages, Hanover, 1883, p. 22, available from dmgh.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in Latin in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 18, 614
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Synod of Paris
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	15. No Jew may exercise military of official authority over Christians. If he does so, he must be baptized with his family.
5. Source	Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church, v. 4: 440
6. Researcher	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	615
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Juramentum Judaeorum” (Jewish Oath)
3. Geography of Act	Lombard Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) The earliest referral to the “Juramentum Judaeorum” (the Jewish Oath): the concept that no heretic could be believed in court against a Christian. Various methods were used to ensure that Jews would tell the truth. These included swearing on an opened Torah scroll while standing on a pig-skin or while wearing a belt of thorns, or even standing on a stool wearing a "Jews hat.” [The decree could have been issued by King of the Lombards Agilulf.] Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	616
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by King Sisebut
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “The refusal of a majority of Jews to convert angered Sisebut, who issued a new order in 616 ordering Jews to convert or leave the kingdom; failure to make this decision was punishable by death. Large numbers of Jews, unable to afford to leave or unwilling to uproot their families, underwent the forced conversion and became Conversos, Jews converted to Christianity.” Michael C. Thomsett: “The Inquisition: A History.” (2010) p. 118 2) “When King Sisebut (or Sisibot) occupied the throne, there was a prevalence of the utmost religious fanaticism. In 616 A.D. the big shock came; the king ordered the baptism of all the Jews in his domain, under the penalty of expulsion and the loss of all their property.” Rudolph R. Windsor: "From Babylon to Timbuktu: History of Black Races Including the..." (2011) p. 86
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	617
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree on Jewish Settlement” issued by Khosrow II
3. Geography of Act	Persia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) After only three years the Persians reneged on their promises and forbade Jews to settle within a three mile radius of the city. "Jewish Timeline - 70 (9 Av 3830) JERUSALEM (Eretz Israel) to 1948 - Part 1;" (March 15, 2016) israelarticlesdraiman.blogspot.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	620
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews Prohibited to Celebrate Passover”
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “As early as A.D. 620 the Jews of Spain were forbidden to celebrate Passover, to contract marriages according to their own customs, to practice circumcision, to make distinction of meats, or to bear witness or institute legal proceedings against a Christian. And the penalty of these petty offences was death. Russel, Bruce M. and John R. Oneal: The Fiddle and the Bow – Triangulating Peace, (Bob Taylor’s Magazine) Volume II
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	624
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Expulsion of Jew"
3. Geography of Act	Arabia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Hejaz by Mohammad. Jenkins, Everett: The Muslim Diaspora - A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, 570-1500 (Vol. 1)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	625
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Synod of Reims
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"11. Christians must not be sold to Jews or heathens. If anyone does so, he is excommunicated and the purchase is invalid. If a Jew wants to pervert his Christians slaves to Judaism, or cruelly tortures them, he loses them, and they fall to the Exchequer. Jews must not hold public office and their insults against Christians are to be wholly suppressed."
5. Source	Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church, v. 4: 446
6. Researcher	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	626
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 13 issued by the Council of Clichy
3. Geography of Act	France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	[Canon 13] Christians shall not be sold to Jews and gentiles. If any of the Christians should choose, forced by necessity, to sell his Christian slaves, he shall sell them to none but Christians. For it they should sell them to pagans or Jews, they shall be withdrawn from the church’s communion and the purchase shall be invalid. As or the Jews, if they shall presume to draw Christian slaves to Judaism or if they should inflict on them harsh torments, those slaves to Judaism or if they should inflict on them harsh torments, those slaves shall be transferred to the fisc’s authority. These Jews shall not admitted to any public functions. The banquets of Jews should be utterly repudiated.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” (1997) Page 480
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None