Acts – Page 70 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1702
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued Fredrick I and addressed to the Government of Magdeburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] We graciously remind you as well as the city magistrate of Halle of the [previously] issued ordinances that no Jew may be permitted to own [property] though inheritance […].
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I; Zweite Abteilung: Akten (The Prussian State and the Jews. Part One/The Period of the Great Prince-Elector and Frederick I); (Tübingen; 1962);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“An Act to encourage the Importation of White Men,” passed by the House of Assembly of Jamaica
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Jamaica
4. Text of Act	And be it further enacted . . . that all Jews that are or shall be hereafter Masters or owners of Slaves within this Island, shall supply their Deficiencies by their own Nation, or by hired white Christian Men, and not by indented Christian Servants, under the Penalty of Five Hundred Pounds current money of this Island.
5. Source	Friedenwald, Herbert. Material for the History of the Jews in the British West Indies. Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 5 (1897), pp. 45-101, p. 89.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher “Deficiencies” here refers to an unfavorably low number of white men, compared to the number of non-whites, as defined by existing ordinances that aimed to maintain a majority of whites on the island, for fear of slave revolts.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 28, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Frederick the Great decree that Jews are forbidden to say the Aleinu prayer
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	By God’s grace, we, Frederick, King in Prussia, ... Because with this the honor of our God, Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, must be protected and elevated and acknowledged before all peoples. And to the praise of the majesty of our God must be more secure, that this is so suspicious and was declared as blasphemy, it must simply be eliminated, rather than to tolerate the danger for the entire land and people any longer. So we herewith want to set and order in the power of this that in our land from now until eternity, under threat of expulsion therefrom, no Jewish man or woman, young or old, neither in the synagogue nor in his home use, pray or speak the quoted words of the prayer: ... Alenu leschabbeach: Schehem coreim umistachawim lahevel varik, umitpallelim le lo joshia, and with this spit out and jump away. They should also not teach this to the children. From this time forth the ... Alenu prayer, which otherwise is prayed silently by everyone in the synagogue and recited loudly and clearly by one person and repeated by the remainder [of the people]. And because we want assure this all the more, we wish to appoint overseers who, because of this, will visit the synagogues from time to time. ... And further, the violators of the above, according to the findings thereof, may expect that they will unavoidably be penalized with life and limb.
5. Source	Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 21, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not to receive any protection* to live on the countryside or any other particularity. […]
5. Source	Policey- und Cameral-Magazin in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nah richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen praktisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze und hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden. Fünfter Band welcher J und R enthält herausgegeben von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius; (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1770); (Police and State-Economy Repository/Journal in which principal and most important materials of Police and State Economy have been dealt with [and listed] in alphabetical order and in proper and rational manner and explained through territorial laws and occasionally made real by establishments. Fifth Volume which contains J to R and published by Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius); (Frankfurt am/near Main; 1770)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher “Protection” has a double meaning here; it both means “protection” in the traditional sense of the meaning as well as “permission” which is how the Prussian government categorized Jews – those who were legally permitted to stay in a certain area and those who were not.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 14, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	The celebration of superstition by Jews during the time of the fairs is to cease completely.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 4, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by Augustus III of Poland*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	Since His most-sophisticated, mightiest King of Poland and Elector of Saxony […] our most-gracious lord would like to see the religious-service of Jews, which they have usurped to practice during market-time, stopped, that is why They are ordering herewith […] all mayors and the Council of Leipzig to prohibit this to all arriving Jews in all earnestness and to be on guard so that they no longer do this in the future either […]
5. Source	Leipzigisches Geschicht-Buch, Oder Annales, Das ist: Jahr- und Tage-Bücher Der Weltberühmten Königl. und Churfürstl. Sächsischen Kauff- und Handels-Stadt Leipzig : In welchen die meisten merckwürdigsten Geschichte und geschehene Veränderungen, die in und bey belobter Stadt und Gegend, beydes in Geistl. als Weltlichen Sachen, sowohl in Friedens- als Krieges-Zeiten, von Anno 661. nach Christi Geburth an, bis auf die neuesten Zeiten, von Tage zu Tage sich begeben haben, enthalten sind. (History book of Leipzig, or anales, that is: Year- & day-books/journals of the world-famous royal and electorate, commercial & business city of Leipzig in Saxony: which contains the most remarkable history and changes that took place each day in and around the praised city and the region, both in terms of spiritual as well as secular matters, during peace as well as war-times, starting in the year of 661 after Christ’s birth until the most recent times.); Johann Jacob Vogel. (Leipzig; 1756);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Augustus III was also sometimes referred to as Frederick Augustus II (German: Friedrich August II).

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 2, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews shall not travel on Sundays and [Christian] holy-days or otherwise lose their right-for-escort (‘Geleit-Recht’), and they must refrain from doing any business or trade [on those days], just like Christians. Furthermore, Jews shall not use any Christian servants, and it shall be prohibited to Christians at the threat of a prison-sentence to wait on them during their superstitious religious-service, to blow out candles, to light a fire, or to perform such service [for them].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Signed in Stargard by von Wedel and von Schröder.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 9, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Contributions,” directive from the Court Chamber of the Archduke of Austria to the Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews subject to the Oppenheimer Privilege are to disburse forced loans [to the archduke] with a 6% interest rate. Repayment terms and collateral shall be determined on a case-by-case basis. Those in non-compliance shall be threatened with high penalties, including deportation.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 272. Accessed online.
6. Translator	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher the Oppenheimer Privilege refers to Samuel Oppenheimer’s special permission to settle in the heart of Vienna, which was subsequently expanded to include some of the capital’s wealthiest Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	May 19, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decretal issued by Friedrich I, King of Prussia to the citizenry of Friedrichstadt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	His Royal Majesty in Prussia, our most merciful Lord, hereby resolves, that since the Jew Joseph Jacob will not replace the house sold to the supplicant by buying another, he shall be permitted, on account of thus not increasing the number of Jew-houses, to re-sell the house to the Jew Hem Ephraim.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. (Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands) Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 145.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	The ordinance from April 2 [of this year] is limited/modified [in that] Jews are [still] not permitted to engage in any business or trade on Sunday and [Christian] holy-days, however, they may travel on such days […]. Furthermore, it is no longer prohibited for them to have Christian servants wait on/aid them on the Sabbath as long as they do not require these Christians to work on Sundays and holy-days, which must be observed by Christians.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Signed in Stargard by von Braunschweig and von Corswant.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 24, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Constitution (‘Constitutio’) regarding foreign Jews who arrive from Poland” issued by King George
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, England, Ireland; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover)
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, We, George (‘Georg Ludwig’), Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Prince-Elector (‘Churfürst’) of the Holy Roman Empire [… declare due to the fear of infections that travelers from places such as Poland pose shall not be permitted to enter without at least being noted …]. Especially, Jews - may they be male or female - including any items or clothing they may carry with them, shall be turned away and not permitted to pass through any part of Our territories […] and if necessary, they shall be threatened with severe corporal punishment in case they come back […]
5. Source	XCIII. Chur-und Fürstl. Braunschweig-Lünebürgische Landes Constitutiones und Verordnungen welche in denen vorigen beiden Vouminibus nicht enthalten. (XCIII. State Constitution and ordinances of the Prince-Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg which are not contained in the first two volumes); (Hannover; 1711);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 16, 1705
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent regarding a body-tax for Jews” issued by Count von Wartenberg on behalf of Frederick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] all Jews are to present their passports and letters/patents of protection (residency permits) at all local toll-crossings and even if they are not protected, they are to pay the body-tax; […] and in places where the mail-office and toll-office are the same, the Jews are to show their passports and letters/patents of protection (‘Schutz-Patente’) to the post-master […who is] to collect the body-toll from the unprotected [Jews]. […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitvtionvm Marchicarvm. Vierdter Theil. Von Zoll- Jagd- Holz- Forst- Wald- Post- Vorspann- Müntz- Salz- Salpeter- und Bergwercks- auch Domänen Pacht- und anderen Aemter- Damm- und Teich-Sachen, Accis-Wesen, Bier- und Mahl-Ziese oder Scheffelsteuer, Kriegs und Mahl-Metze, auch Mühlen- und Brau-Sachen, Marinen- oder Chargen- und Recrüten-Caffe, Stempel-Papier, gestempelten carten u. In fünff Abtheilungen. Kaiserlich königliche Hofbibliothek. (“The constitution of the margraviate. Fourth division. Regarding domains pertaining to tolls/customs, hunting, wood, forest, post, leasing, mint, salt, salpeter, and mining and other offices such as dam and pond matters, as well as milling and brewing, marine, charging and recruiting cafes, stamp-paper, and stamped cards etc. In five divisions. Royal Imperial Court Library.”)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Johann Kasmir Kolbe von Wartenberg was a count and Minister-President/Prime Minister of Prussia.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 5, 1705
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] 17) Starting with the day this Patent is made public until the end of 1805, no Jew shall be permitted to trade (purchase and sell) with grain; those Jews, however, who are blessed with grain reserves, are to report these according to the manner described in this Patent, and to sell these by the end of August the latest or face the stipulated punishments. Should a Jew dare to act against this prohibition, he is to face the confiscation of [his] grain[-reserves], and should that no longer be available, its value in cash according to the directions outlines in §11 and §12; Christians, on the other hand, who dare to allow a Jew to trade with grain under the disguise of their name, shall be fined its equivalent in cash or receive corporal punishment or jail time in alignment with the [severity of the] crime. […]
5. Source	Fortsetzung der von Johann Roth verfassten Sammlung in dem Königreiche Böhmen kundgemachten Gesetze und Verordnungen in alphabetischer Ordnung gereiht. Die Gesetze und Verordnungen vom Jahre 1802 bis Ende des Jahres 1818 in sich fassend. Neu aufgelegt, verbessert und vermehrt durch Johann Kanka, J. U. D. und beeideten Landesadvokaten im Königreiche Böhmen. Dreizehnter Teil. Von Gef to Gew.; (Prag; 1823); (Continuation of the collection of published laws and regulations in the Kingdom of Bohemia compiled by Johan Roth in alphabetic order. Laws and ordinances from 1802 to 1818 inclusive. Reissued, improved, and augmented by Johann Kanka, J. [U.] D. and sworn state advocate in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Thirteenth part. From Gef to Gew.); (Prague; 1823)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 5, 1705
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	An act for raising several sums of money, and applying the same to several uses, passed by the House of Assembly of Jamaica
3. Geography of Act	Jamaica
4. Text of Act	Resolved - That it is the opinion of the Committee that a tax be laid on the nation of the Jews. Resolved: That it is the opinion of this Committee that £1000 current money be laid on the nation of the Jews, to which the House concurred.
5. Source	The Jews’ Tribute in Jamaica. Extracted from the Journals of the House of Assembly of Jamaica. George Fortunatus Judah. Source: Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 18 (1909), p. 152. Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This was among other items for additional taxation in consequence of the war.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 22, 1705
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Resolution” issued by King Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Magdeburg/Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew shall be protected (given permission to settle) in the city of Magdeburg. […]
5. Source	Ausführliche topographischen Beschreibung des Herzogthums Magdeburg und der Grafschaft Mansfeld, Magdeburgischen Antheils. (Detailed topographical description of the Duchy of Magdeburg and the County of Mansfeld that belongs to Madgeburg.); (Berlin; 1785);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 7, 1705
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Regulation, issued by Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, King in Germany, for the City of Frankfurt am Main
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	No Jew shall give shelter to a foreign Jew for more than fourteen days without prior notification of the Lord Mayor, unless he should be related by blood, in the third degree or closer, i.e., father, son or daughter, under penalty of ten guilders. In order to distinguish Christians from Jews, all Jews and Jewesses shall wear a yellow ring on their garment, under penalty of 12 shillings. On Sundays, feast days and high holy days, the Jews shall not be found anywhere in the city, except in their own streets, and they shall refrain from any trade on those days. In the public markets, Jews and Jewesses shall not interfere in any purchase made by a Christian, under penalty of 8 shillings, and they may not touch anything with their hands, be it herbs, bread, fruit or other wares; that which they do touch, they must pay for, and not put down again. In addition, Jews are strictly prohibited from lending any money to a secular judge.
5. Source	“Decree regarding Jewish citizenship in the city of Frankfurt am Main (1705),” 12/7/1705; Hesse Decrees Collection; AR 25198; Box 1; Folder 5; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 16, 1706
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Conclusion/Decision” (‘Conclusum’) issued in the Duchies of Silesia
3. Geography of Act	Duchies of Silesia
4. Text of Act	All Jews, who are older than 15 years old, may they be male or female, are to pay 30 kr. [Kreuzer] per month. This is not only to apply to Jews who live in the domain but also to foreign, Polish, Bohemian, Moravian and other Jews, who come to the domain/land and pursue a trade, however, as far as the latter (foreigners) are concerned, the month is to begin on the day they arrive in the domain […] but they are to be excluded from [having to pay] the monthly Accis*-tax […] the [blood] poor Jews, who seek to find their bread by begging as well as those who serve other Jews as servants, may give only 15 kr. [Kreuzer] every quarter. […]
5. Source	Continuation derer käyser- und königlichen Privilegien, Statuen und Sanctionum Pragmaticuarum des Landes Schlesien. Mit allergnädigsterh Käyser- und königl. Bewilligung dem gemeinen Wesen zum Besten zusammen getragen. Dritter Theil. (Breslau; 1728); (Continuation of imperial and royal privileges, statutes, and sanctions of [the land] Silesia. With the most gracious imperial and royal permission assembled to the best of ability for the common good. Third part.) (Wroclaw; 1728)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Accis (Latin) was an indirect form of taxation. The text goes on to outlines exactly the amount each Jews in the various categories are to pay.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1706
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Fredrick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Fredrick, King of Prussia […] since it has come to our attention that a number of Jews are present/live in the villages of Virz and Fürstenwalde, We graciously order you herewith not to tolerate them there, but to expel them, and in case they are protected, they are to be moved to one of the cities in Neumarkt. You are to ensure that no Jew is to live in a village and that those who do are arrested […].
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher This writ was signed in Charlottenburg.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 2, 1706
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript, issued by Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Since for quite some time now, we have perceived a general lack of living up to the letter and spirit of several regulations, given, among others, in the years 1530, 1532, 1541, 1548, 1550 and 1551, and containing a complete prohibition for Jews to enter into any contracts with Christians, it appears now as if these laws, by custom to the contrary, have almost been, in fact, abolished, to the point where Our subjects, as well as the Jews, may think it proper to engage in unbridled trade with one another. However, such an abrogation or abolition of existing law has never been Our intention, and thus, We find it necessary to raise the content of these statutes back up to their proper validity and force. We hereby renew and proclaim, that from now on, none of Our subjects shall be allowed to borrow anything from Jews, to work with them, or to enter into any contract with them, be it usurious or not, except for what transpires in the public markets, and that all of the prescribed punishments shall be inflicted on contravening offenders without mercy.
5. Source	Riecke, Christian H. Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Collection of the Laws of Württemberg). L.F. Fues: Tübingen, 1835. Vol. 6. Page 229.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 3, 1706
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by Kaiser Leopold VI
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] only Jews who are in possession of a Royal permit (‘kaiserlichen Hofpass’) […] - and only for the duration at which these permits are valid - are to be allowed to remain in Vienna […] and only Jews and Jewess who hold valid privileges (‘Hoffreiheyten’) and permits/passports (‘Pässe’), along with those persons who are truly essential to them, are to be tolerated in Vienna and on the countryside, [while] all others are to be removed immediately, so that those who sneak into Vienna and its suburbs without a valid permission/passport, can be punished immediately with expulsion as soon as they arrive […].
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 16, 1706
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Edict” issued by Fredrick I
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not be permitted to reside in villages. […]
5. Source	Policey- und Cameral-Magazin in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nah richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen praktisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze und hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden. Fünfter Band welcher J und R enthält herausgegeben von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius; (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1770); (Police and State-Economy Repository/Journal in which principal and most important materials of Police and State Economy have been dealt with [and listed] in alphabetical order and in proper and rational manner and explained through territorial laws and occasionally made real by establishments. Fifth Volume which contains J to R and published by Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius); (Frankfurt am/near Main; 1770)
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 4, 1707
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by the government of Halle
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews of Halle may not take more than 12% in usury for [loans made] for less than a year and only 8% for [loans lasting] over a year […].
5. Source	Die Stadt Halle, nach amtlichen Quellen historisch-topographisch-statistisch dargestellt von C. H. Freiherrn vom Hagen, Stadtrath. Zweiter Band. (The city Halle, according to official sources historically-topographically-statistically presented by C. H. Freiherrn vom Hagen, City-Council. Second Volume.) Halle; 1867;
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 21, 1707
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by King Fredrick William I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Magdeburg/Brandenburg-Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] the University of Halle is not to receive/accept/admit (‘recipieren’) Jews henceforth […]
5. Source	Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius kameralisten-Bibliothek, oder vollständiges Verzeichnis derjenigen Bücher, Schriften und Abhandlungen, welche von dem Oeconomie- Polizey- Finanz- und Cameralwesen und verschiedenen anderen damit verbundenen Wissenschaften, auch von der dahin einschlagenden Rechtsgelehrsamkeit handeln. (Nürnberg; 1762); (Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius Trade Library or list of books, writings, and treatises which deal with economic, police, finance, and trade laws and are connected to other sciences, and influence other laws);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 16, 1707
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Penal Code, issued by Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Margraviate of Moravia, and the Duchy of Silesia
3. Geography of Act	Czech Republic; Germany; Poland
4. Text of Act	Art. XIX, Section 20 – For anyone who engages in carnal relations with a Jew, or a Jewess, the minimum penalty, given the offensive nature of the act, shall be birching,* followed by permanent banishment from the land.
5. Source	Joseph I. Neue Peinliche Halsgerichts-Ordnung Vor das Königreich Böheim / Marggrafthumb Mähren / und Hertzogthumb Schlesien (New Penal Code for the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Margraviate of Moravia, and the Duchy of Silesia). Parcus: Freiburg, 1711. Page 85.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *“Whippings administered with bundled birch branches and saplings” (McMee, Christopher. Sober Men and True – Sailor Lives in the Royal Navy. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 2002. Page 41.)

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 20, 1707
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of King Fredrick William I
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Magdeburg/Brandenburg-Prussia
4. Text of Act	Regarding the Jews who are studying/enrolled at the University of Halle or otherwise live/stay near the university […] Since it is Our intension not to tolerate any Jew in Our lands/domains who has not been given a letter of protection and escort by Us, so it is also with those Jews who live/stay near the local university either in order to study or because of the printing shop, that is why we order them all to come/turn to Us immediately to ask for such letters of protection.
5. Source	Kisch, Guido: Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte der Juden in Halle 1686-1730; (Legal and social history of Jews in Halle [from] 1686-1730.); (Berlin; 1970);
6. Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Translation	2019
8. Notes	None