Acts – Page 70 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 18, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Regarding the Contracts of Jews” issued on behalf of Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp (von Greifenclau zu Vollraths)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, Johann Philipp, Bishop of Würzburg, Duke of Franconia […] Our greetings first, dear loyal [subjects]! [Since it has come to our attention that] numerous Jews are entering into unlawful and usurious contracts which are to their advantage and cause a lot of harm and ruin […] and since we wish to remedy this situation, that is why we graciously order herewith, that you examine the contracts of each and every one of our subjects who owe our local as well as foreign Jews [and the terms …] especially in regards to loans made on wine, grains, and cattle […] and to submit a written report to us […] within 14 days […] and to arrest those Jews [who have drafted/entered such usurious contracts…].
5. Source	Thesavrvs Ivris Franconic, Oder Sammlung theils gedruckter theils ungedruckter Abhandlungen, Dissertationen, Programmen, Gutachten, Gesätze, Urkunden, usw. welches das Fränkische und besonders hochfürstliche Wirzburgische Geistliche, Weltliche, Bürgerliche, Peinliche, Polizey- und Kammerrecht erläutern usw. Des Zweyten Abschnittes eilftes Heft. (Wirzburg; 1789); (Thesaurus/Catalogue of Franconia. Or a collection of partly printed, partly unprinted treatises, dissertations, programs, expert reports, laws, and legal documents, etc. which explain church-, secular-, civil-, penal-, police-, and chamber-laws in Franconia, and especially in the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg. The second part of the eighteenth booklet.); (Würzburg; 1789);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The order is signed by J. L. Adelmann, Chancellor, Tobias Reibelt, Georg Andr. Schaeffner.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 20, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Writ of the High-Consistory
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] The blasphemous religious practice of Jews cannot be tolerated in good conscience by the local Christian authorities. The Jews practice hideous idolatry and blasphemy, and if one allows them to do this, God’s great wrath and punishment may be on us. They bring great harm by taking advantage of the people, through excessive usury, and with bad trade and business [practices]. […] Any authority/government, who permits/admits Jews will stand in judgment before Christ [one day] and must help bear the guilt. Religious services of Jews cause turmoil in Christians who are exposed to it/attend it. That is why the Jews should not be allowed to practice their religious services publicly or secretly.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 30, 1699
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition” issued by Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Greifenclau zu Vollraths
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[…] Furthermore, Jews are prohibited to come to the city [of Würzburg], and its markets or villages in the countryside […] or to stay overnight in these […] or to appear in alleys and streets during a public procession.
5. Source	Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.) (Würzburg; 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 24, 1700
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance regarding the Jews in the territories (‘Residentzien’) covering a number of points” issued by Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg on behalf of Frederick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Since previous ordinances have gone unheeded, it would be within our right to fine the entire Jewry with a hefty fee and then to expel them entirely from all of our territories (‘Residentzien’) […] however, in order not to give them the least cause to complain, we will show mercy and spare them the expulsion from our principalities […] but order herewith that each of the protected [Jewish] families are to pay twice the protection-fee (‘Schutzgeld’) […] the unprotected families are to pay twice the protection-fee and still be removed from the land if they do not have a protection-permit. […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above ordinance contains several points and can be found in its entirety in the cited source. Johann Kasmir Kolbe von Wartenberg was Minister-President/Prime Minister of Prussia.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 28, 1700
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Declaration on the trade and commerce of the Jewish community, issued by Johann Phikipp, Bishop of Würzburg
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	No Jew is permitted to store large quantities of unkosher wine or spirits in the cellar and to trade with them without a special permit … As far as the melting and misappropriation of old silver is concerned,… no Jew should dare to transfer the silver, whether made or unmade, to another place without prior notification and permission from our Chamber.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 491-493, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 8, 1700
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from trading with fat cattle (‘Fettvieh’). […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplement’); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2018 Translation
8. Notes	Researcher This prohibition was issued and revoked several times throughout history in the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. It was repeated on October 11 and 31, 1712. The cattle trade was permitted on June 8, 1713, prohibited on October 24, 1748 and September 15, 1771; permitted on October 10, 1771, prohibited on May 19, 1795 and then again on March 15, 1796.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1700
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance of the Electorate of Cologne” (‘kurcöllnische Judenordnung’) issued by Joseph Clements, Archbishop of Cologne
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Cologne; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We, Joseph Clements, by the grace of God, Archbishop of Cologne and Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire […] announce and let it be known that […] foremost, no Jew or Jewess may settle down or stay in Our Arch-Stift* without an escort-permit if they want to avoid serious corporal punishment or losing their possessions. Escort[-permit]s shall be issued only by Us and Our Court-Chamber and have Our seal […] No Jew is to be given an escort[-permit] to settle in Our cities if they do not have at least one thousand Thaler in assets, and six hundred Cologne Thaler [if they want] to settle in villages, which they must be able to prove […]
5. Source	Von der Ausgrenzung zur Integration. Judenordnungen in Rheinland. Bearbeitet von Norbert Flörken. (From exclusion to integration. Jewish-ordinances in the Rhineland. Edited by Norbert Flörken.)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher A *Stift was an independent territory within the Holy Roman Empire. The above Jewish-ordinance is several pages long and has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. It can be found in its entirely in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 7, 1700
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict issued by Friedrich III, Duke of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Whereas a 1696 patent already gave the Jews permission to have general stores and bodegas, this permission is upheld inasmuch as no Jew shall have any general stores or bodegas except for those he already had in 1690, or any for which special permission has been given; however, those Jews who trade in used and pawned clothing, shall divest themselves completely of these wares within four weeks from today, and, under penalty of confiscation, shall refrain from any further buying or selling thereof.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. (Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands). Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 135.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 23, 1701
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rescript to the Privy Council of Schmettau" issued by King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Every Jew is to pay 10th of each of one hundred of his wealth [to the kingdom].
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden: Vol 1. (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1962) p. 232, Ausf. gez. Wartenberg; Berliner Staats Archiv R 21-203. Accessed online.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 10, 1701
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the City Administration of Halle
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	The prohibition for Jews to purchase property/land in Halle remains effective.
5. Source	Kisch, Guido: Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte der Juden in Halle 1686-1730. (Legal and social history of Jews in Halle from 1686-1730); (Berlin; 1970);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 14, 1701
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by the Magistrate of Magdeburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the government is determined not to protect (issue protection permits to) Jews in places where there weren’t any before, much less in the city of Magdeburg, because it contravenes the privileges of the city and legal guilds and other constitutions.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I; Zweite Abteilung: Akten (The Prussian State and the Jews. Part One/The Period of the Great Prince-Elector and Frederick I); (Tübingen; 1962);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 31, 1701
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict (‘Edictum’) issued by the local authorities of Brunswick-Lüneburg"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not to be permitted to go peddling in cities with cloth and fabrics outside of the annual markets or on the countryside [entirely].
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, und zwar Capvt Tertivm worinn enthalten bis das Militar - Wesen angehende Verordnungen. Zum Gebrauch der Fürstenthümer, Graf- und Herrschaften Calenbergischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, namely the third part, which contain the ordinances that pertain to the military. For the use of the principalities, counties and lordships of Calenberg.) (Göttingen; 1740);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1702
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Act to oblige Jews to maintain and provide for their Protestant children
3. Geography of Act	England
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The object was to assist the conversion of Jews." Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 40
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 24, 1702
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Court Decree” issued by the Imperial Court of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] The Jews who live in cities, […], have to identify themselves through certificates to the authorities (‘Obrigkeit’) […] those who live in the countryside to the county office (‘Kreisamt’) […] the Hungarian [Jews] to the county offices (‘Komitate’) and the Galician [Jews] to the authorities (‘Obrigkeit’) also […] [to show] that they are proper merchants who have been logged in.
5. Source	Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; (Brünn, 1844); (Dr. Joh. Lutsche’s Weiland Imper[ial], Moravia[n], Silesia[n] Council of Appellations, Special Rights of Persons of Moravia and Silesia, especially in political terms. Vol. II); (Brünn; 1844)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 6, 1702
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prince-Electoral Clarification regarding Edict of October 31, 1701" issued by King George
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, England, Ireland; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover)
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, We, George (‘Georg Ludwig’), Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Prince-Elector (‘Churfürst’) of the Holy Roman Empire […] let is be know herewith [… that the edict of October 31, 1701…] applies to foreign, non-local Kramers and Jews, but also to local Jews who have not received protection from us […]. Magistrates and officers of each place are to pay close attention so that no fraud is committed and that foreign tradesmen or Jews, who are not entitled to trade and to do business in the land do not sneak in and do the aforementioned and trade and do business through peddling on the countryside, specifically, with cloths and fabrics […]
5. Source	XCIII. Chur-und Fürstl. Braunschweig-Lünebürgische Landes Constitutiones und Verordnungen welche in denen vorigen beiden Vouminibus nicht enthalten. (XCIII. State Constitution and ordinances of the Prince-Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg which are not contained in the first two volumes); (Hannover; 1711);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 24, 1702
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Fredrick I and addressed to the government of Magdeburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We have received and have been briefed about protected Jews who loan other citizens large sums of money against their homes […] that is why we no longer wish to permit for the aforementioned Jews to enter into such fraudulent contractual agreements (‘contrakte in frauds legis’) with Christians […] and you are to make this prohibition public with all seriousness and punish those who act against it appropriately. […]
5. Source	Die Juden in Preussischen Staate. Die geschichtliche Darstellung der politischen, bürgerlichen und privatrechtlichen Verhältnisse der Juden in Preußen, nach den verschiedenen Landestheilen, von C. F. Koch, königl. Preuß. Oberlandes-Gerichts-Assessor und Director des Land- und Stadtgerichts zu Culm. (Jews in the Prussian State. The historical presentation/account of the political, civil, and private legal circumstances/standings of Jews in Prussia according to various part of the country, [compiled] by C. F. Koch, royal, Prussian superior court assessor and director of the city and state court of Culm.) Marienwerber; 1833;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1702
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued Fredrick I and addressed to the Government of Magdeburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] We graciously remind you as well as the city magistrate of Halle of the [previously] issued ordinances that no Jew may be permitted to own [property] though inheritance […].
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I; Zweite Abteilung: Akten (The Prussian State and the Jews. Part One/The Period of the Great Prince-Elector and Frederick I); (Tübingen; 1962);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“An Act to encourage the Importation of White Men,” passed by the House of Assembly of Jamaica
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Jamaica
4. Text of Act	And be it further enacted . . . that all Jews that are or shall be hereafter Masters or owners of Slaves within this Island, shall supply their Deficiencies by their own Nation, or by hired white Christian Men, and not by indented Christian Servants, under the Penalty of Five Hundred Pounds current money of this Island.
5. Source	Friedenwald, Herbert. Material for the History of the Jews in the British West Indies. Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 5 (1897), pp. 45-101, p. 89.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher “Deficiencies” here refers to an unfavorably low number of white men, compared to the number of non-whites, as defined by existing ordinances that aimed to maintain a majority of whites on the island, for fear of slave revolts.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 28, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Frederick the Great decree that Jews are forbidden to say the Aleinu prayer
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	By God’s grace, we, Frederick, King in Prussia, ... Because with this the honor of our God, Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, must be protected and elevated and acknowledged before all peoples. And to the praise of the majesty of our God must be more secure, that this is so suspicious and was declared as blasphemy, it must simply be eliminated, rather than to tolerate the danger for the entire land and people any longer. So we herewith want to set and order in the power of this that in our land from now until eternity, under threat of expulsion therefrom, no Jewish man or woman, young or old, neither in the synagogue nor in his home use, pray or speak the quoted words of the prayer: ... Alenu leschabbeach: Schehem coreim umistachawim lahevel varik, umitpallelim le lo joshia, and with this spit out and jump away. They should also not teach this to the children. From this time forth the ... Alenu prayer, which otherwise is prayed silently by everyone in the synagogue and recited loudly and clearly by one person and repeated by the remainder [of the people]. And because we want assure this all the more, we wish to appoint overseers who, because of this, will visit the synagogues from time to time. ... And further, the violators of the above, according to the findings thereof, may expect that they will unavoidably be penalized with life and limb.
5. Source	Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 21, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not to receive any protection* to live on the countryside or any other particularity. […]
5. Source	Policey- und Cameral-Magazin in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nah richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen praktisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze und hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden. Fünfter Band welcher J und R enthält herausgegeben von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius; (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1770); (Police and State-Economy Repository/Journal in which principal and most important materials of Police and State Economy have been dealt with [and listed] in alphabetical order and in proper and rational manner and explained through territorial laws and occasionally made real by establishments. Fifth Volume which contains J to R and published by Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius); (Frankfurt am/near Main; 1770)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher “Protection” has a double meaning here; it both means “protection” in the traditional sense of the meaning as well as “permission” which is how the Prussian government categorized Jews – those who were legally permitted to stay in a certain area and those who were not.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 14, 1703
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	The celebration of superstition by Jews during the time of the fairs is to cease completely.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 4, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by Augustus III of Poland*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	Since His most-sophisticated, mightiest King of Poland and Elector of Saxony […] our most-gracious lord would like to see the religious-service of Jews, which they have usurped to practice during market-time, stopped, that is why They are ordering herewith […] all mayors and the Council of Leipzig to prohibit this to all arriving Jews in all earnestness and to be on guard so that they no longer do this in the future either […]
5. Source	Leipzigisches Geschicht-Buch, Oder Annales, Das ist: Jahr- und Tage-Bücher Der Weltberühmten Königl. und Churfürstl. Sächsischen Kauff- und Handels-Stadt Leipzig : In welchen die meisten merckwürdigsten Geschichte und geschehene Veränderungen, die in und bey belobter Stadt und Gegend, beydes in Geistl. als Weltlichen Sachen, sowohl in Friedens- als Krieges-Zeiten, von Anno 661. nach Christi Geburth an, bis auf die neuesten Zeiten, von Tage zu Tage sich begeben haben, enthalten sind. (History book of Leipzig, or anales, that is: Year- & day-books/journals of the world-famous royal and electorate, commercial & business city of Leipzig in Saxony: which contains the most remarkable history and changes that took place each day in and around the praised city and the region, both in terms of spiritual as well as secular matters, during peace as well as war-times, starting in the year of 661 after Christ’s birth until the most recent times.); Johann Jacob Vogel. (Leipzig; 1756);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Augustus III was also sometimes referred to as Frederick Augustus II (German: Friedrich August II).

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 2, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews shall not travel on Sundays and [Christian] holy-days or otherwise lose their right-for-escort (‘Geleit-Recht’), and they must refrain from doing any business or trade [on those days], just like Christians. Furthermore, Jews shall not use any Christian servants, and it shall be prohibited to Christians at the threat of a prison-sentence to wait on them during their superstitious religious-service, to blow out candles, to light a fire, or to perform such service [for them].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Signed in Stargard by von Wedel and von Schröder.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 9, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Contributions,” directive from the Court Chamber of the Archduke of Austria to the Court Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews subject to the Oppenheimer Privilege are to disburse forced loans [to the archduke] with a 6% interest rate. Repayment terms and collateral shall be determined on a case-by-case basis. Those in non-compliance shall be threatened with high penalties, including deportation.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 272. Accessed online.
6. Translator	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher the Oppenheimer Privilege refers to Samuel Oppenheimer’s special permission to settle in the heart of Vienna, which was subsequently expanded to include some of the capital’s wealthiest Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	May 19, 1704
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decretal issued by Friedrich I, King of Prussia to the citizenry of Friedrichstadt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	His Royal Majesty in Prussia, our most merciful Lord, hereby resolves, that since the Jew Joseph Jacob will not replace the house sold to the supplicant by buying another, he shall be permitted, on account of thus not increasing the number of Jew-houses, to re-sell the house to the Jew Hem Ephraim.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. (Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands) Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 145.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None