Acts – Page 71 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1708
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal [Court] Rescript” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) The prohibition for the Jewry regarding the import and distribution of spices in the royal cities is not to be simple and absolute (‘absolut et simpliciter’) but shall be restricted to tree-oil and saffron. 2) Jews are to pay their sales stands/stalls fees (‘Standgeld zahlen’). 3) The Jewry may be allowed to enter the city during the annual markets which only last 24 hours anyway, and they must have their goods put out for sale by 12 o’clock noon, and watch over them by day as well as night. 4) In cities where two or more weekly markets take place per week, two days shall be designated during which Jews may attend as well; however, if such a day falls on a Friday, they (Jews) shall not be allowed to attend/enter. 5) A Jew who violates this privilege (law) […] shall be punished accordingly.
5. Source	Sammlung der seit dem Jahre 1600 bis zum Jahre 1740 ergangenen allerhöchsten Gesetze. In chronologischer Ordnung. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Franz Xaver Wekebrod, erstem Magistrats-Rath und Syndikus in Römerstadt. (Brünn; 1810); (Collection of [all] supreme laws issued from 1600 until 1740. In chronological order. Collected and published by Franz Xaver Wekebrod, lead syndic of the magistrate and council of the Roman city.); (Brno; 1810)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 29, 1708
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent of the [Silesian] Higher-Authorities/Administration [‘Ober-Amtliches Patent’]”
3. Geography of Act	Bohemian crown lands; Duchies of Silesia; Kingdom of Bohemi
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall be expelled and chased away from places/areas/jurisdictions ('Orten') in which they are not permitted to be.
5. Source	D. Anthon Balthasar Walthers königl. Preußischen Kriegs- und Domainen-Raths Silesia Diplomatica, Oder Verzeichnis derer gedruckten Schlesischen Diplomatum, Privilegiorum, Landes-Gesetze, Statuten, Päpstlichen Bullen, Ober-Amtlichen Patenten, Gerichtlichen Bescheide, Beschlüsse, Gutachten, Rechtlichen Ausführungen, Beschwernüsse, Vergleiche, Friedens-Schlüsse, und andere zur Schlesischen Historie und Rechtsgelahrsamkeit gehörigen Uhrkunden und Nachrichten. Nebst einem Verzeichnis der Autorum worinnen dieselben zum Theil befindlich und einem Register über die vornehmsten Sachen. Zweyter Tomus. Enthält die zum weltlichen Zustande Schlesiens gehörige Uhrkunden. (Breslau; 1742); (D. Anthon Balthasar Walther’s royal, reproduction of the Prussian war- & domain-council [laws] of Silesia; Or directory/register of printed Silesian official documents, privileges, state laws, statutes, papal bulls, official patents, court announcements, decisions, expert opinions, legal declarations, complaints, comparisons/settlements, peace agreements, and other legal documents and news pertaining to the History of Silesia and its legal scholarship. In addition to a list of authors some of which are included, and a register of the most noble matters. Second volume. Contains documents belonging to the worldly state of Silesia.) Wroclaw; 1742.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 9, 1709
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Lothar Franz [von Schönborn], Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, Bamberg, and Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] since the Jews bequeath their daughters a considerable dowry/endowment according to their faith […] and secretly take out [their wealth from the domain] and let their children take care of them, by which a timely prince/[domain]lord is cheated out of the after-tax (‘Nachsteuer’) [… that is why …] Jews are, henceforth, to be required to obediently report the size of the dowry [they are to give/export] to be taken out of the Electorate, and to properly submit the tenth [penny] of it without exception or face confiscation […]
5. Source	Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inneres Territorialverhältnis des Abzugs- und Nachsteuerrechts in Deutschland überhaupt, und im Erzstifte Mainz insbesondere. (Friedrich Johann Bodmann’s inter-territorial relationship regarding the departure- and resettlement-tax laws in Germany, and especially in the Arch-Stift of Mainz); (Mainz; 1791);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 13, 1709
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decision” (‘Hofentschließung’) for Moravia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) Jews are prohibited to trade with medical items (‘Arzneisachen’).[…]
5. Source	Lexicon der K. K. Medizinalgesetze bearbeitet von Iohann Dionis Iohn. Fünfter Theil. Erste Fortsezung. Mit allerhöster k. k. Hofbewilligung; (Prag; 1796); (“Lexicon of the R[oyal] I[mperial] Medical Laws. Edited by (John Dionis John). 5th Volume; 1st Continuation. With the Supreme Permission of the R[oyal] I[mperial] Court.); (Prague; 1796)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 12, 1709
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Coin-Edict” issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	We, Georg Ludewig, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg by the grace of God, […declare herewith … ] that all local and foreign Jews are reminded and warned in all seriousness to completely and refrain from exchanging Our good coins (‘Unsere Müntz-Sorten’) against foreign, lower-quality coins and to no longer engage in this kind of harmful exchange in the future […] those who violate this order are not only to have their coins confiscated […] not only to be fined, but depending on the circumstances, they are to be given prison-time, a beating, and expelled from the land. […]
5. Source	Continuatio Verwichenen 1716ten Jahrs im Druck herausgekommen zu den hiesigen Kantzley- und Policey-Ordnung gehörigen Supplementi, (Constitution of this past year 1716 which were published regarding the current chancellery and police ordinances and all supplemented laws relating to these.) Celle; 1719;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 5, 1709
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] all local, un-escorted Jews, are to leave the land within 10 days of publication of this […] and those arriving from suspicious places [including beggar-Jews, especially from Poland] are not to be permitted to enter […].
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum Gebrauch des Fürstenthums Lüneburg, auch angehörige Graf- und Herrschaften Zellischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, third part, which contains chapter four, pertaining to police-matters. Volume I. Containing the first twelve sections of the same. For the use of the principality of Lüneburg, as well as the Duchies and Lordships associated in the territories of Celle.); (Lüneburg; 1743);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above edict has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. It can be found in its entirely in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1709
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Coin-Edict” issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	We, Georg Ludewig, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg by the grace of God, […announce to everyone …] that we have noticed with great disapproval that Our seriously issued ordinances are not obeyed in the least, but rather […] that protected Jews or even the Jews who enter (foreign Jews) act against Our edicts and continue to further bring forbidden and smaller (less valuable) kinds [of coins] into the land, which they keep and trade and exchange with, […these Jews] shall not only have their [coins] confiscated, but also be fined proportionate to the confiscated sum […].
5. Source	Continuatio Verwichenen 1716ten Jahrs im Druck herausgekommen zu den hiesigen Kantzley- und Policey-Ordnung gehörigen Supplementi, (Constitution of this past year 1716 which were published regarding the current chancellery and police ordinances and all supplemented laws relating to these.) Celle; 1719;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 7, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew shall be impudent enough to bring/import old clothes, incense/smoking items (‘Rauchwerk’) and similar items from infected places into the land or face severe punishment. […]
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum Gebrauch des Fürstenthums Lüneburg, auch angehörige Graf- und Herrschaften Zellischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, third part, which contains chapter four, pertaining to police-matters. Volume I. Containing the first twelve sections of the same. For the use of the principality of Lüneburg, as well as the Duchies and Lordships associated in the territories of Celle.); (Lüneburg; 1743);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 10, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by the government of Sweden for Swedish Pomerania
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	Ordered: that each and every Jew who is still in Pomerania shall leave the land before March 12, 1710, or expect to be taken to the border, where, at the hands of the executioner, the Jew shall be flogged and branded.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833. Page 301.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 3, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	As per the royal rescript from February 3, [of this year], those Jews who are not able to pay their protection-fees (‘Schutz-Geld’) shall be removed/expelled. Similarly, poor Jews on the countryside, who are nothing but a burden anyway, shall have their protections canceled as soon as they are not able to pay the expected [dues].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland Researcher *Signed in Stargard by von Somnitz and Schaper.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict XXIV, that Jews who sell stolen items […] shall be punished as thieves” issued by King Frederick of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick (‘Friderich’) king of Prussia by the grace of God, Margrave of Brandenburg and […] Holy Roman Emperor […] have deigned to issue this edict with all earnestness […] and order herewith that Jews who sell items and plaques in the future that have been removed from posts* […] or even have the tiniest inkling/knowledge [that the items have been stolen] without reporting it to the authorities, shall be regarded as thieves and punished as such […]
5. Source	Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; Preußischer Kulturbesitz (State Archive of Berlin; Prussian Cultural Property/Heritage) Accessed online.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Fredrick continues to require that this edict be made public, especially in the schools/synagogues of Jews so that Jews would not be able to feign ignorance of the order. *Posts most likely refers to “stands” on which traders/peddlers would ‘post' their items to sell.”

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 26, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Serene Resolution” (‘Sereniffimi Resolutio’) issued for the Kramer-Guilds in Brunswick
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg / Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
4. Text of Act	[…] except the protected Jews who have been admitted (allowed to settle) here, none (no Jew) shall be tolerated in-between markets/fairs/expos (‘Messen’) much less be permitted to purse trade under any pretext […]. As far as Jews are concerned who are traveling through [our domain], they are to be escorted from one [city] gate to the other [as per issued ordinances …]
5. Source	Friedrich Adolph Wolterecks Kurzer Begrif Braunschweig-Wolfebbüttelscher Landes-Ordnungen und Gesetze, welche seit den ältesten Zeiten bis im Monath December des 1750sten Jahres ergangen; (Braunschweig; 1771); (Friedrich Adolph Woltereck’s short-term local ordinances and laws of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, which have been passed since the earliest times until the month of December of 1750) Brunswick; 1771.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 23, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of foreign* Jews because of the spreading of the pest”
3. Geography of Act	Archdukedom of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	We Joseph […] order all Our chosen magistrates/authorities, clergymen, (world) citizens […] remove all unknown Jews from Our capital and place of residency […] and Archdukedom of Austria within 3 days in Our attempt to manage this disaster […] since we suspect that it is because of the doing and dealing of Jews and their often unclean way of living that illnesses as pest could be bred and brought into Our precious fatherland […] and prohibit all Jews without a courtly pass to sneak back under any circumstance or face the punishment of 'Ausstreichens'** immediately and with full force of the law. It is therefore His R. [Majesty’s] gracious resolution that the before mentioned authorities, especially the guilds […] keep an eye on all Jews and don’t allow them – whether they are coming from foreign countries or from part of Our inherited kingdoms – and that they are not to be allowed to enter the Dukedom of Austria under Enns […] and that they are to receive a flogging (“Ausstreichen”) when they are found which is now made know through this edict; something that each and everyone should use as a guideline in order to prevent punishment.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 281.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher Even though, the heading of his decree reads “foreign” Jews, Joseph I applied it to all “unknown” Jews – even those coming from other areas under his own reign (Hungary, Bohemia, …). * The details of the physical punishment “Ausstreichen” are not clarified, but may refer to a form of flogging.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 26, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript concerning the additional tax of the Jews between Würzburg and the Teutonic Order.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Since, by virtue of the treaty drawn up between our diocese and the High Teutonic Order in 1597, the subjects moving back and forth are obliged to pay two guilders per hundred as additional tax, and now we have also agreed with the aforementioned Teutonic Order that four guilders per hundred guilders should be collected for additional tax from a Jew moving back and forth, which is twice as much as from a Christian, our official accounting officials must always comply with this and keep this rescript in the official records for safekeeping.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, p. 569, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 12, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General Edict regarding foreign and un-escorted Jews” issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	We, Georg Ludewig, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg by the grace of God, […declare …] As far as Jews are concerned […] and in order that no contagious pests are carried in, we repeated and order not only the expulsion of all unprotected Jews [as per previous ordinances] and that they should no longer be tolerated, but we also order with all earnestness that no foreign or beggar-Jews shall be permitted to pass through [except those with permits ….]
5. Source	Continuatio Verwichenen 1716ten Jahrs im Druck herausgekommen zu den hiesigen Kantzley- und Policey-Ordnung gehörigen Supplementi, (Constitution of this past year 1716 which were published regarding the current chancellery and police ordinances and all supplemented laws relating to these.) Celle; 1719;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Jews are no longer permitted to use Hebrew letters in their ledgers, under penalty of losing any court claim to everything mentioned in those ledgers, as well as a fine of 2,000 livres.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833, p. 88.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 30, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” Johann Moritz v. Blaspil/Blaspiel on behalf of Frederick I of Prussia and addressed to the magistrate
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Frederick (‘Friderich’), King of Prussia by the grace of God […] our greeting first, dear faithful! […] Since the risk of a contagion […] has unfortunately rather increased than improved […] we see it necessary to double our efforts and take the necessary precautions […] which is why we wish to order herewith that all foreign and local Jews without any exception whatsoever, are to be rejected and to be kept away from our territories (‘Residenzien’) until further notice from us […]
5. Source	Staatsbibliothek Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz (State-Library/Archive to Berlin - Prussian Cultural Heritage/property); staatsbibliothek-berlin.de.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Johann Moritz von Blaspil/Blaspiel was a Prussian Minister.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 24, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by Marquard Ludwig von Printzen on behalf of Fredrick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Even though His Royal Majesty in Prussia […] have already prohibited Jews from peddling and roaming around on the countryside, His Majesty have found it fit—due to the present risky times because of the contagion [and since our experience shows that the Jews transport/carry this illness from one place to another due to their eagerness for profits …] to not only repeat such prohibition but to also prohibit Jews from trading on the countryside altogether, which is why all Jews are required at the [threat] of severe corporal punishment to remain in their places of residency (‘Ort ihres Auffenthalts’) and not to travel on the countryside under any circumstances or move from one city to another in pursuit of their trade […]
5. Source	Staatsbibliothek Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz (State-Library/Archive to Berlin - Prussian Cultural Heritage/property); https://staatsbibliothek-berlin.de.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Marquard Ludwig von Printzen was a Chief-Hofmarschall in Prussia.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 27, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by Frederick I, King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Our greetings preceding, dear loyal servants; Whereas We find it necessary to prohibit Jews from trading in the countryside, on account of the currently dangerous times of contagious disease; you are to make this prohibition known to them, and enforce it strictly; And you shall have Our favor.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Friderich, König in Preussen, Marggraf zu Brandenburg… [By God’s Mercy Frederick, King in Prussia, Markgrave of Brandenburg…],” 12/27/1710; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 110.; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Empress Eleonora (1711)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] no Jew may be tolerated to stay over night […] on Sundays and during the time of the markets they may not be allowed to enter the city at all. […]”
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 24, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Act of Parliament" (‘Landtagsabschied’) issued by the Parliament of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[… furthermore, we do not wish to permit Jews to publicly perform/pursue their rather arrogated worship/[cult]service (‘cultum’) of which we have been [recently] informed […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 25, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] it has never been our intention to allow them (Jews) to pursue their Jewish religious services publicly and with the usual shouting, and wish to much less allow them to establish a proper synagogue […]. [However, the resident (Lehmann) has shown us great service in the past, which is why it is Our desire …] that you allow the aforementioned resident Lehmann and his proxy Jonas Meyer to carry out their religious service in a house in Dresden but quietly and without any shouting […]
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 8, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark, Norway
4. Text of Act	Jews may not be used as sutlers for the army.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 68.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher a sutler was a civilian provisioner to an army post, often with a shop on the post.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 27, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Cathedral-Chapter
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] however, the trade with food items and drinks – especially green and dehydrated fruit […] agricultural products […] and perishable food items are to remain off-limits (prohibited) to the Jewry. […]
5. Source	Hofmann, Jochen Alexander: Obstlandschaften 1500-1800: Historische Geographie des Konsums, Anbaus und Handels von Obst in der Frühen Neuzeit (Fruit Landscapes 1500-1800: Historical Geography of Consumption, Cultivation and Trade of Fruit in the Early Modern Period); (Bamberg; 2014)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher While Jews had various restrictions placed on them when it came to trading with food items, non-Jewish subjects of the Prince-Bishopric were permitted to sell grain, dehydrated fruit and/or other agricultural products that they could not sell themselves through Jewish middlemen. According to Hofmann, the original ordinance can be found at the State Archive of Bamberg B26c 33a, fol. 21v022r.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 13, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal [Court] Rescript” (‘Hofreskript’) issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	The local Jewry shall not [be permitted to] own toll[-booths] (‘Mauten’)* or mills or other realty (except brandy houses (‘Brandweinhäuser’) via their own (separate) contract, and the royal fiscus* is to keep an eye on this.
5. Source	Sammlung der seit dem Jahre 1600 bis zum Jahre 1740 ergangenen allerhöchsten Gesetze. In chronologischer Ordnung. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Franz Xaver Wekebrod, erstem Magistrats-Rath und Syndikus in Römerstadt. (Brünn; 1810); (Collection of [all] supreme laws issued from 1600 until 1740. In chronological order. Collected and published by Franz Xaver Wekebrod, lead syndic of the magistrate and council of the Roman city.); (Brno; 1810)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Mauten (sigular Maut) were toll-booth like crossings, usually at bridge crossings, where a certain tax/levy was required. Brandweinhäuser were inns/taverns where brandy was dispensed. **A fiscus was basically the treasurer of the emperor.