Acts – Page 72 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 3, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	As per the royal rescript from February 3, [of this year], those Jews who are not able to pay their protection-fees (‘Schutz-Geld’) shall be removed/expelled. Similarly, poor Jews on the countryside, who are nothing but a burden anyway, shall have their protections canceled as soon as they are not able to pay the expected [dues].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland Researcher *Signed in Stargard by von Somnitz and Schaper.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict XXIV, that Jews who sell stolen items […] shall be punished as thieves” issued by King Frederick of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick (‘Friderich’) king of Prussia by the grace of God, Margrave of Brandenburg and […] Holy Roman Emperor […] have deigned to issue this edict with all earnestness […] and order herewith that Jews who sell items and plaques in the future that have been removed from posts* […] or even have the tiniest inkling/knowledge [that the items have been stolen] without reporting it to the authorities, shall be regarded as thieves and punished as such […]
5. Source	Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; Preußischer Kulturbesitz (State Archive of Berlin; Prussian Cultural Property/Heritage) Accessed online.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Fredrick continues to require that this edict be made public, especially in the schools/synagogues of Jews so that Jews would not be able to feign ignorance of the order. *Posts most likely refers to “stands” on which traders/peddlers would ‘post' their items to sell.”

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 26, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Serene Resolution” (‘Sereniffimi Resolutio’) issued for the Kramer-Guilds in Brunswick
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg / Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
4. Text of Act	[…] except the protected Jews who have been admitted (allowed to settle) here, none (no Jew) shall be tolerated in-between markets/fairs/expos (‘Messen’) much less be permitted to purse trade under any pretext […]. As far as Jews are concerned who are traveling through [our domain], they are to be escorted from one [city] gate to the other [as per issued ordinances …]
5. Source	Friedrich Adolph Wolterecks Kurzer Begrif Braunschweig-Wolfebbüttelscher Landes-Ordnungen und Gesetze, welche seit den ältesten Zeiten bis im Monath December des 1750sten Jahres ergangen; (Braunschweig; 1771); (Friedrich Adolph Woltereck’s short-term local ordinances and laws of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, which have been passed since the earliest times until the month of December of 1750) Brunswick; 1771.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 23, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of foreign* Jews because of the spreading of the pest”
3. Geography of Act	Archdukedom of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	We Joseph […] order all Our chosen magistrates/authorities, clergymen, (world) citizens […] remove all unknown Jews from Our capital and place of residency […] and Archdukedom of Austria within 3 days in Our attempt to manage this disaster […] since we suspect that it is because of the doing and dealing of Jews and their often unclean way of living that illnesses as pest could be bred and brought into Our precious fatherland […] and prohibit all Jews without a courtly pass to sneak back under any circumstance or face the punishment of 'Ausstreichens'** immediately and with full force of the law. It is therefore His R. [Majesty’s] gracious resolution that the before mentioned authorities, especially the guilds […] keep an eye on all Jews and don’t allow them – whether they are coming from foreign countries or from part of Our inherited kingdoms – and that they are not to be allowed to enter the Dukedom of Austria under Enns […] and that they are to receive a flogging (“Ausstreichen”) when they are found which is now made know through this edict; something that each and everyone should use as a guideline in order to prevent punishment.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 281.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Researcher Even though, the heading of his decree reads “foreign” Jews, Joseph I applied it to all “unknown” Jews – even those coming from other areas under his own reign (Hungary, Bohemia, …). * The details of the physical punishment “Ausstreichen” are not clarified, but may refer to a form of flogging.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 26, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript concerning the additional tax of the Jews between Würzburg and the Teutonic Order.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Since, by virtue of the treaty drawn up between our diocese and the High Teutonic Order in 1597, the subjects moving back and forth are obliged to pay two guilders per hundred as additional tax, and now we have also agreed with the aforementioned Teutonic Order that four guilders per hundred guilders should be collected for additional tax from a Jew moving back and forth, which is twice as much as from a Christian, our official accounting officials must always comply with this and keep this rescript in the official records for safekeeping.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, p. 569, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 12, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General Edict regarding foreign and un-escorted Jews” issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	We, Georg Ludewig, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg by the grace of God, […declare …] As far as Jews are concerned […] and in order that no contagious pests are carried in, we repeated and order not only the expulsion of all unprotected Jews [as per previous ordinances] and that they should no longer be tolerated, but we also order with all earnestness that no foreign or beggar-Jews shall be permitted to pass through [except those with permits ….]
5. Source	Continuatio Verwichenen 1716ten Jahrs im Druck herausgekommen zu den hiesigen Kantzley- und Policey-Ordnung gehörigen Supplementi, (Constitution of this past year 1716 which were published regarding the current chancellery and police ordinances and all supplemented laws relating to these.) Celle; 1719;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of France
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Jews are no longer permitted to use Hebrew letters in their ledgers, under penalty of losing any court claim to everything mentioned in those ledgers, as well as a fine of 2,000 livres.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833, p. 88.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 30, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” Johann Moritz v. Blaspil/Blaspiel on behalf of Frederick I of Prussia and addressed to the magistrate
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Frederick (‘Friderich’), King of Prussia by the grace of God […] our greeting first, dear faithful! […] Since the risk of a contagion […] has unfortunately rather increased than improved […] we see it necessary to double our efforts and take the necessary precautions […] which is why we wish to order herewith that all foreign and local Jews without any exception whatsoever, are to be rejected and to be kept away from our territories (‘Residenzien’) until further notice from us […]
5. Source	Staatsbibliothek Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz (State-Library/Archive to Berlin - Prussian Cultural Heritage/property); staatsbibliothek-berlin.de.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Johann Moritz von Blaspil/Blaspiel was a Prussian Minister.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 24, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by Marquard Ludwig von Printzen on behalf of Fredrick I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Even though His Royal Majesty in Prussia […] have already prohibited Jews from peddling and roaming around on the countryside, His Majesty have found it fit—due to the present risky times because of the contagion [and since our experience shows that the Jews transport/carry this illness from one place to another due to their eagerness for profits …] to not only repeat such prohibition but to also prohibit Jews from trading on the countryside altogether, which is why all Jews are required at the [threat] of severe corporal punishment to remain in their places of residency (‘Ort ihres Auffenthalts’) and not to travel on the countryside under any circumstances or move from one city to another in pursuit of their trade […]
5. Source	Staatsbibliothek Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz (State-Library/Archive to Berlin - Prussian Cultural Heritage/property); https://staatsbibliothek-berlin.de.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Marquard Ludwig von Printzen was a Chief-Hofmarschall in Prussia.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 27, 1710
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by Frederick I, King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Our greetings preceding, dear loyal servants; Whereas We find it necessary to prohibit Jews from trading in the countryside, on account of the currently dangerous times of contagious disease; you are to make this prohibition known to them, and enforce it strictly; And you shall have Our favor.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Friderich, König in Preussen, Marggraf zu Brandenburg… [By God’s Mercy Frederick, King in Prussia, Markgrave of Brandenburg…],” 12/27/1710; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 110.; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Empress Eleonora (1711)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] no Jew may be tolerated to stay over night […] on Sundays and during the time of the markets they may not be allowed to enter the city at all. […]”
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 24, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Act of Parliament" (‘Landtagsabschied’) issued by the Parliament of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[… furthermore, we do not wish to permit Jews to publicly perform/pursue their rather arrogated worship/[cult]service (‘cultum’) of which we have been [recently] informed […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 25, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] it has never been our intention to allow them (Jews) to pursue their Jewish religious services publicly and with the usual shouting, and wish to much less allow them to establish a proper synagogue […]. [However, the resident (Lehmann) has shown us great service in the past, which is why it is Our desire …] that you allow the aforementioned resident Lehmann and his proxy Jonas Meyer to carry out their religious service in a house in Dresden but quietly and without any shouting […]
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 8, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark, Norway
4. Text of Act	Jews may not be used as sutlers for the army.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 68.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher a sutler was a civilian provisioner to an army post, often with a shop on the post.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 27, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Cathedral-Chapter
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] however, the trade with food items and drinks – especially green and dehydrated fruit […] agricultural products […] and perishable food items are to remain off-limits (prohibited) to the Jewry. […]
5. Source	Hofmann, Jochen Alexander: Obstlandschaften 1500-1800: Historische Geographie des Konsums, Anbaus und Handels von Obst in der Frühen Neuzeit (Fruit Landscapes 1500-1800: Historical Geography of Consumption, Cultivation and Trade of Fruit in the Early Modern Period); (Bamberg; 2014)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher While Jews had various restrictions placed on them when it came to trading with food items, non-Jewish subjects of the Prince-Bishopric were permitted to sell grain, dehydrated fruit and/or other agricultural products that they could not sell themselves through Jewish middlemen. According to Hofmann, the original ordinance can be found at the State Archive of Bamberg B26c 33a, fol. 21v022r.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 13, 1711
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal [Court] Rescript” (‘Hofreskript’) issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	The local Jewry shall not [be permitted to] own toll[-booths] (‘Mauten’)* or mills or other realty (except brandy houses (‘Brandweinhäuser’) via their own (separate) contract, and the royal fiscus* is to keep an eye on this.
5. Source	Sammlung der seit dem Jahre 1600 bis zum Jahre 1740 ergangenen allerhöchsten Gesetze. In chronologischer Ordnung. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Franz Xaver Wekebrod, erstem Magistrats-Rath und Syndikus in Römerstadt. (Brünn; 1810); (Collection of [all] supreme laws issued from 1600 until 1740. In chronological order. Collected and published by Franz Xaver Wekebrod, lead syndic of the magistrate and council of the Roman city.); (Brno; 1810)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Mauten (sigular Maut) were toll-booth like crossings, usually at bridge crossings, where a certain tax/levy was required. Brandweinhäuser were inns/taverns where brandy was dispensed. **A fiscus was basically the treasurer of the emperor.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 11, 1712
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on Contracts Between Christians and Jews Issued by Vollrath, Count and Lord of Limpurg
3. Geography of Act	House of Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld
4. Text of Act	No Jew should enter our villages and hamlets on Sundays or public holidays, nor should he spend the night there, unless otherwise agreed.
5. Source	“Verträge zwischen Christen und Juden, 1712, [Contracts Between Christians and Jews, 1712],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 580-581, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 29, 1712
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decretal order (regarding Samuel Bendix, protected Jew in Berlin, supplicant), issued by Friedrich I, King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas His Royal Majesty in Prussia etc., our most merciful Lord, does not wish that the Jews irrevocably bring into their possession the homes of Christians; therefore, the supplicant cannot be permitted the purchase of the house in question.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. [Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands]. Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 151.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 11, 1712
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover
4. Text of Act	[…] no Beggar-Jew may be housed/given shelter, but rather, [they] shall be arrested and punished, as per the ordinance of October 28, 1718, [issued] against vagabonds and foreign beggars, as well as the renewal […] of September 13, 1719.
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum Gebrauch des Fürstenthums Lüneburg, auch angehörige Graf- und Herrschaften Zellischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, third part, which contains chapter four, pertaining to police-matters. Volume I. Containing the first twelve sections of the same. For the use of the principality of Lüneburg, as well as the Duchies and Lordships associated in the territories of Celle.); (Lüneburg; 1743);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 31, 1712
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Anthon Ulrich, Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. After eight days following the publication of this edict, no beggar-Jew shall be found in Our lands any longer. 2. Our border agents and magistrates are to refuse entry to all beggar-Jews, and warn them of mandatory corporal punishment, should they enter these lands. 3. Those who surreptitiously still sneak in, shall not be lodged by anyone, and innkeepers shall denounce them to their town official, as well as enlist other townspeople and ensure that the Jew is brought to court. No prosecution shall occur against those who use brute force against such Jews in order to secure them for justice. Should the town and court officials not be able to obtain sufficient information from such a Jewish prisoner, they may use torture to ascertain where the Jew entered the country and where he has stayed thus far, so that the Jew-enablers, too, may be prosecuted and fined.
5. Source	“Verordnung den Eintritt fremder Betteljuden betreffend [Ordinance regarding the admission of foreign beggar-Jews],” 8/31/1712; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 49; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 11, 1712
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from trading with fat cattle (‘Fettvieh’). […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research Translation 2018
8. Notes	Researcher This prohibition was issued and revoked several times throughout history. Initially, this prohibition was issued on May 8, 1700, and was again reissued on October 31, 1712. The cattle trade was permitted on June 8, 1713; prohibited on October 24, 1748, and September 15, 1771; permitted on October 10, 1771; prohibited on May 19, 1795 and March 15, 1796.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 17, 1712
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland, Russia; Duchy of Brandenburg/Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews who are not protected (‘vergleitet’) and who [are] beg[gars], are not to be tolerated. […]
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I; (“The Prussian State and the Jews; Part One/The Period of the Great Prince-Elector and Frederick I”); (Tübingen; 1962);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 7, 1713
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] foreign Jews are prohibited from trading (engaging in any kind of trade) inside of the Stift* […] and no citizen may trade prohibited goods with a local Jew [covertly/illegally] in order to make a profit. […] Jews are not permitted to peddle on Sundays and holy-days [… or] place their stand next to that of a Christian at fairs.
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *A Stift was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire.

1. Full Date of Act	May 8, 1713
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal High-Administrative Patent (‘königl. Ober-Ambtliche Patent’) regarding the payment of toleration[-permit]-fees for Jews” issued by Francis Louis*
3. Geography of Act	Duchies of Silesia
4. Text of Act	[…] We, Franz Ludwig […] order […] that not only the number of Jews and their families in the land are to be researched, but also how a dependable collection [of their taxes] is to be established [… and Jews are to contribute annual toleration-fees in the following manner]: 1) Among settled (‘possessionirten’) Jews, a man [is to give] 1 flr. [Gulden] and 30 kr. [Kreuzer]. 2) Settled Jewish wives/women, 45 kr. [Kreuzer]. 3) Among unsettled Jews, a man [is to give] 3 flr. [Gulden] 4) Their unsettled wives [are to give] 1 flr. [and] 30 kr. [Kreuzer]. 5) Regardless of whether they are settled or unsettled, parents [are to pay] 15 kr. [Kreuzer] for each child. […]
5. Source	Continuation derer käyser- und königlichen Privilegien, Statuen und Sanctionum Pragmaticuarum des Landes Schlesien. Mit allergnädigsterh Käyser- und königl. Bewilligung dem gemeinen Wesen zum Besten zusammen getragen. Dritter Theil. (Breslau; 1728); (Continuation of imperial and royal privileges, statutes, and sanctions of [the land] Silesia. With the most gracious imperial and royal permission assembled to the best of ability for the common good. Third part.) (Wroclaw; 1728)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The text goes on to differentiate between the various classes/categories of Jews and how much each is to pay in accordance to his wealth. *Francis Louis (‘Franz Ludwig’) of Palatinate-Neuburg was bishop and archbishop of numerous dioceses and prince-elector on the Holy Roman Empire, and Hochmeister/grand-master of the Teutonic Order.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 8, 1713
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) [Jews] are permitted to trade and peddle on Sundays and holy-days after 11 a.m.; 3) [they may also trade] with fat & lean cattle, so-long the [local] butchers have the right of way [to make the purchase first/pre-sale] the same goes for tallow […] 4) […] this is equally true for dehydrated fruit and hops; however, the local citizens and trading people have the right of way; 5) The trade with wool is permitted to Jews; however, the fabric-weavers have the right of way to make the purchase first. 6) The trade with barley is permitted to Jews, however, the coopers have half a day to pre-purchase [the items first]. 7) […] whatever the Christians cannot or do not wish to keep in stock or to trade with, especially on the countryside, that shall be allowed to Jews. […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None