Acts – Page 73 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 10, 1715
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ejusdem Order” issued [Frederick] Augustus III of Poland
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’), King of Polen, […] Duke of Saxony, [….] have decided, due to the perceived increase of the contagion-evil [outlines the manner in which people and merchandize that come across the borders are to be dealt with]. Jews and beggars are especially to be turned away, even if they have the necessary passports/permits […]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht gegeben und in richtige Ordnung gebracht von Johann Christian Lünig. (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - issued and published constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony, given light and brought into proper order by Johann Christian Lünig.); (Leipzig; 1724)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above mandate is mainly addressed to foreigners in general, especially, those coming from areas suspected to affected by the contagion; except the translated parts, which pertain to only Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 7, 1715
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Curfew for Jews, issued by Charles IV, Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews are not to leave their house before 10 a.m. on any Christian holidays or on Sundays, and violators shall be arrested and subjected to further punishment.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 292. Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 4, 1715
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] Aside from the resident Lehmann and the court-agent Meyer along with their relatives and domestic aids, no other Jew is to be permitted to remain in Our domain.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 15, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Renewal of Edict from August 28, 1703, regarding Jewish prayer”
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] His Royal Majesty of Prussia […] Our all-gracious Lord […] wishes that the previously issued edict regarding the Jewish prayer Aleinu leshabei’ach (‘Alenu laschabbeach’) is strictly adhered to [see Frederick’s decree from August 28, 1703, which prohibits Jews from saying the 'Alenu leschabbeach: Schehem coreim umistachawim lahevel varik, umitpallelim le lo joshia' prayer loudly, while/and splitting and jumping [up and down …]. This renewed edict is to be made public in German and Hebrew and given out as well as posted where Jews live [ … and transgressors are to be chased out of the country or receive corporal punishment and a fine, depending on the circumstances …].
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum Sechster Theil. Von Miscellaneis, und Supplementis derer vorhergehenden Fünf Theile bis 1736. (Corpus of the constitution of the margraviate. Sixth part. Containing miscellaneous and supplemental [documents] in the previous five parts until 1736)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 28, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Announcement” issued by the [City] Council of Dresden
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] locals are neither to accommodate the relatives of Lehmann or Meyer nor any other Jews, much less take them into their homes in exchange for rent, unless they have a permit-paper to show.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 23, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	Dear faithful! [Orders the City Council of Dresden again to allow his resident Lehmann and Meyer and their relatives to remain in Dresden …] but other than these, no other Jews is to be tolerated in Our residency-city […]
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 15, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] No other Jew except Lehmann and Meyer is to be permitted to settle in Saxony […] they shall [however] be able to still travel here to pursue business against the common custom-fees and […] taxes.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 3, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” Johann Moritz v. Blaspil on behalf of Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Since His Royal Majesty of Prussia […] has noticed with displeasure that a number of Jews have failed to pay the obligatory protection-fees in the past years […] and yet have enjoyed the protection and freedoms [provided by the state], His Royal Majesty no longer wishes to permit such tardiness, but requires that the outstanding amount be submitted and that in the future this is done one time. This is why [His Majesty] order all local officers, city-magistrates under whose jurisdiction the local Jewish families may be […] to make it clear to them in all earnestness that they are to submit any outstanding payment within 14 days of this order to Vogt Loniceri, or have their schools closed, the slaughtering of cattle prohibited, and if necessary, have a number of [Jewish] men placed under house arrest by soldiers/the military (‘Soldatesque’) until they have paid the outstanding protection-money […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Johann Moritz von Blaspil/Blaspiel was a Prussian Minister.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 11, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of the State government (Chancellor and City Council)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	A home-purchased by Jews as loan-carrier/borrower is against the state constitution, because even in the cases where a loan-carrier/borrower is legally permitted - such as for officers and women - they do not constitute ownership.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Inserted/Advertised Rescript” of Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	The old constitutions are to remain in effect [… and while the Jews Lehmann and Meyer may stay and pursue trade …] no Jew is to own property or land [the aforementioned Jews have agreed to content with renting their accommodations…]
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 3, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Frederick William (‘Friedrich Wilhelm’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, [We] Friedrich Wilhelm […] Since We have personally already graciously ordered […] that all Jews, who do not have a protection-patent (permit to settle) are no longer to be tolerated in Kaliningrad or in any of the other places in Our Kingdom of Prussia, but that they are to be expelled from our domains/lands immediately and no new escort[-permit] is to be granted, […] and those who have received protection-letters are neither permitted to peddle in the cities nor on the countryside [… the merchandize of violators is to be confiscated …].
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Königsberg i. Pr. Ein Beitrag zu Sittengeschichte des preussischen Staates. Nach urkundlichen Quellen bearbeitet von Dr. H. Jolowicz. (History of Jews in Königsberg/Kaliningrad i[n] Pr[ussia]. A contribution to the history of customs in Prussian states. According to official sources edited by H[einmann] Jolowicz); (Posen; 1867)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Local tradespeople are asked to settle debts with “unprotected Jews” so that “any pretext they may have to extend their stay is eliminated.” The above order is abbreviated to fit the allocated space and can be found in its entirety in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 19, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the High Council of Alsace
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Loans issued by Jews may only be transacted in front of a notary public, and the notary must certify, directly on the loan contract, that the funds have been disbursed, in cash and in his presence.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833, p. 71.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 20, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting Jewish land ownership and rental agreements.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Jews should not be allowed to secure ownership of a piece of land without sovereign ratification. … As such, His Most Reverend Grace hereby graciously orders that if in future such contracts should be made in which the Jews secure the possession of and enjoyment of one or another piece of land either forever or for a few years, whether in sale, rent, mortgage …, this is to be reported immediately to the local high princely government by local officials … and ratification of this or other regulations issued from there are to be expected, but if this is not received, such contracts are to be deemed invalid and void.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, p. 599, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 18, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) III
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	All [state] officers/administrators, […] in all cities […] including all citizens, shall henceforth permit no other and foreign Jew to be tolerated during and outside of the annual markets in the cities and on the countryside -- except those [Jews who have been] privileged by His Majesty as well as their servants (who must carry [legally issued] permits that must be renewed every 2 months […] and who otherwise should not be allowed to pass through) […] much less those who engage in trade […] but should arrest such [Jews] along with everything they have on them at any place [they are encountered] and to report this immediately […] If, however, Jews wish to pass through this land without wanting to sell anything or even [wanting ] to stay, they are to be permitted to do so; however, each Jew, who passes through a toll-city, […] must pay each time for himself 12 ßl.* escort-money (‘Geleitged’) as well as the common taxes for the goods he is carrying - as it is customary in all other towns/places.
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *ßl. was a common abbreviation for the Schilling.

1. Full Date of Act	May 15, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew, except Lehmann and Meyer and theirs (relatives/members of their household) are to be permitted to rent homes.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 9, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	His royal Majesty of Prussia […] Our gracious lord, order […] the Jews of Frankfurt herewith that they shall not take any of their acquired/purchased pelts/[animal] fur/hides to any other place but to Frankfurt first in order to sell them or risk losing their merchandize or […] be fine/punished […] and to refrain from engaging in any kind of fraud […].
5. Source	State Archive of Berlin. Preußische Rechtsquellen Digital/Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum (Prussian Legal Sources); www.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 23, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Resolution
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	All Jews – without exception, including those who do not posses their own ‘Privilege’ but are listed on someone else’s – are to be gathered rigorously, and […] they are to be reported to the Court Commissioners who in turn are to apprehend them [Jews] prudently and without exception.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 273.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 30, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Letter of Protection, issued by Friedrich Wilhelm I, King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Also, in those towns where there is only one Christian, or none, involved in the trade of [raw] materials, a Jew living there shall be permitted to spices; on the other hand, in those localities where two or more Christians trade in materials or spices, the Jews must refrain from any spice trading […]. Every Jew who lends money against collateral has a duty to keep a correct pawn-book, into which those who give him collateral must enter what they pawned and how much money they received for it, and on which date, and in which year, this took place. [T]hose Jews who negotiate with our Christian subjects, may not take more than 10 per cent in annual interest, under penalty of loss of the whole sum of the loan. [The Jews] shall not be allowed to export any uncoined silver, be it molten or unmolten; instead, they shall sell it to the royal mint […].
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. (Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands. Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 171.);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General-Protection-Patent” (“Generalschutzpatent”) issued by the Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Prussia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] The Jews of Frankfurt are strictly prohibited to export any raw goods from the country. […]”
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I; (“The Prussian State and the Jews; Part One/The Period of the Great Prince-Elector and Frederick I”); (Tübingen; 1962)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 5, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Edict (‘Edictum’) issued by the local authorities of Brunswick-Lüneburg"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew shall be permitted to purchase property/real estate (‘immobilia’) or to lend considerable sums of money against them […].
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, und zwar Capvt Tertivm worinn enthalten bis das Militar - Wesen angehende Verordnungen. Zum Gebrauch der Fürstenthümer, Graf- und Herrschaften Calenbergischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, namely the third part, which contain the ordinances that pertain to the military. For the use of the principalities, counties and lordships of Calenberg.); (Göttingen; 1740);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Music and Dance Prohibition” decree issued by the Lower-Austrian Magistrate of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	From the Lower-Austrian government […] it is come to be known that there are wooden huts on the 'New Market' and other places […] and that this is not only in violation of the civil code, but poses a fire hazard […] and that often loud music after 10 p.m. is heard […] so the lordly generals are to uphold the laws and to prohibit Jews [to play and listen to] their own music and to dance on feasts and weddings, where even some Christians have been seen; which is prohibited and very punishable on its own: That is why it is ordered that 1) the large, wooden huts on the New Market and other places in the city are to be taken down 2) to inquire about the nightly music, and 3) to [ask] Jews to cease music and dancing in all seriousness.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 295.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 24, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order against trade between Jews and other subjects
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	Although both the Land Ordinance and the General Rescript issued just a few years ago strictly prohibited all trade between the subjects and the Jews, they still do this secretly on the borders, especially towards the Palatinate, and elsewhere, with bad and badly mutilated leather … to prevent this in the future,… either the goods or the proceeds will be taken away … and confiscated.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 2, Tübingen, 1842, pp. 1111-1112, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 5, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resolution” issued by Elector of Saxony Augustus, the Strong (Frederick Augustus I)
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are neither to be permitted to hold public prayer services ('öffentlicher Cultus') nor to purchase real estate […]
5. Source	Landtags-Acten von den Jahren 1836-1837. Beilagen zu den Protocollen der ersten Kammer. Erste Sammlung (Parliamentary Files of the Years 1836-1837. Supplements for the Protocols of the First Chamber, First Collection/Volume I); (Dresden)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Renewed Prohibition” (“Renovatio”) issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] since it is primarily the Jews, however, who violate this law, and who stand in solidarity with other foreign Jews […] and send them around in the land as their servants under [the disguise of] their own protection-permits […] and reduce the sustenance of the load-bearing citizens […] that is why We wish to order and remind all Kramer and Jews that they should not be peddling with their goods without the special permission of the Secret Council, and to especially warn Jews of this abuse, and to legally proceed against those who have found to have peddled without a special-concessions according to current law and to report [these incidences] to us. […]
5. Source	Continuatio Verwichenen 1716ten Jahrs im Druck herausgekommen zu den hiesigen Kantzley- und Policey-Ordnung gehörigen Supplementi, (Constitution of this past year 1716 which were published regarding the current chancellery and police ordinances and all supplemented laws relating to these.) Celle; 1719;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Even though this laws addresses “tablet-Kramer, Italians, and Jews, the above excerpts are directed at “especially the Jews.”

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 12, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Since numerous complaints have come forth, that the increasing number of Jews is causing great harm and disadvantage to the ability of Christians to make a living, that is why the landlord has graciously declared that further letters of protections should no longer be issued to Jews; even if the letters of protections have been issued for multiple years, they are now null and the noted date has come to and end […]
5. Source	Churfürstliche Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Gesetz und Verordnung Calenbergischen und Grubenhagenschen Theils in einem Auszug nach alphabetischer Ordnung gebracht von Friedrich Christoph Willich, der Rechte Doctor, und Actuarius der Georg-August Universität. Zweiter Band H-O. (State Laws and Ordinances of the Prince-Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg pertaining to Calenberg and Grubenhagen in one draft and in alphabetical order complied by Friedrich Christoph Willich, PhD in Law and Actuarius of Georg-August University. Second Volume. H - O.); (Göttingen/Dessau; 1782));
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None