Acts – Page 74 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Inserted/Advertised Rescript” of Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	The old constitutions are to remain in effect [… and while the Jews Lehmann and Meyer may stay and pursue trade …] no Jew is to own property or land [the aforementioned Jews have agreed to content with renting their accommodations…]
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 3, 1716
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Frederick William (‘Friedrich Wilhelm’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, [We] Friedrich Wilhelm […] Since We have personally already graciously ordered […] that all Jews, who do not have a protection-patent (permit to settle) are no longer to be tolerated in Kaliningrad or in any of the other places in Our Kingdom of Prussia, but that they are to be expelled from our domains/lands immediately and no new escort[-permit] is to be granted, […] and those who have received protection-letters are neither permitted to peddle in the cities nor on the countryside [… the merchandize of violators is to be confiscated …].
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Königsberg i. Pr. Ein Beitrag zu Sittengeschichte des preussischen Staates. Nach urkundlichen Quellen bearbeitet von Dr. H. Jolowicz. (History of Jews in Königsberg/Kaliningrad i[n] Pr[ussia]. A contribution to the history of customs in Prussian states. According to official sources edited by H[einmann] Jolowicz); (Posen; 1867)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Local tradespeople are asked to settle debts with “unprotected Jews” so that “any pretext they may have to extend their stay is eliminated.” The above order is abbreviated to fit the allocated space and can be found in its entirety in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 19, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the High Council of Alsace
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	Loans issued by Jews may only be transacted in front of a notary public, and the notary must certify, directly on the loan contract, that the funds have been disbursed, in cash and in his presence.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833, p. 71.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 20, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting Jewish land ownership and rental agreements.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Jews should not be allowed to secure ownership of a piece of land without sovereign ratification. … As such, His Most Reverend Grace hereby graciously orders that if in future such contracts should be made in which the Jews secure the possession of and enjoyment of one or another piece of land either forever or for a few years, whether in sale, rent, mortgage …, this is to be reported immediately to the local high princely government by local officials … and ratification of this or other regulations issued from there are to be expected, but if this is not received, such contracts are to be deemed invalid and void.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, p. 599, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 18, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) III
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	All [state] officers/administrators, […] in all cities […] including all citizens, shall henceforth permit no other and foreign Jew to be tolerated during and outside of the annual markets in the cities and on the countryside -- except those [Jews who have been] privileged by His Majesty as well as their servants (who must carry [legally issued] permits that must be renewed every 2 months […] and who otherwise should not be allowed to pass through) […] much less those who engage in trade […] but should arrest such [Jews] along with everything they have on them at any place [they are encountered] and to report this immediately […] If, however, Jews wish to pass through this land without wanting to sell anything or even [wanting ] to stay, they are to be permitted to do so; however, each Jew, who passes through a toll-city, […] must pay each time for himself 12 ßl.* escort-money (‘Geleitged’) as well as the common taxes for the goods he is carrying - as it is customary in all other towns/places.
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *ßl. was a common abbreviation for the Schilling.

1. Full Date of Act	May 15, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew, except Lehmann and Meyer and theirs (relatives/members of their household) are to be permitted to rent homes.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 9, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	His royal Majesty of Prussia […] Our gracious lord, order […] the Jews of Frankfurt herewith that they shall not take any of their acquired/purchased pelts/[animal] fur/hides to any other place but to Frankfurt first in order to sell them or risk losing their merchandize or […] be fine/punished […] and to refrain from engaging in any kind of fraud […].
5. Source	State Archive of Berlin. Preußische Rechtsquellen Digital/Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum (Prussian Legal Sources); www.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 23, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Resolution
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	All Jews – without exception, including those who do not posses their own ‘Privilege’ but are listed on someone else’s – are to be gathered rigorously, and […] they are to be reported to the Court Commissioners who in turn are to apprehend them [Jews] prudently and without exception.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 273.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 30, 1717
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Letter of Protection, issued by Friedrich Wilhelm I, King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Also, in those towns where there is only one Christian, or none, involved in the trade of [raw] materials, a Jew living there shall be permitted to spices; on the other hand, in those localities where two or more Christians trade in materials or spices, the Jews must refrain from any spice trading […]. Every Jew who lends money against collateral has a duty to keep a correct pawn-book, into which those who give him collateral must enter what they pawned and how much money they received for it, and on which date, and in which year, this took place. [T]hose Jews who negotiate with our Christian subjects, may not take more than 10 per cent in annual interest, under penalty of loss of the whole sum of the loan. [The Jews] shall not be allowed to export any uncoined silver, be it molten or unmolten; instead, they shall sell it to the royal mint […].
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto (ed.). Corpus Constitutionum Marchicarum, Oder Königl. Preußis. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc. (Collected Laws of the Mark, or Royal Prussian and Prince-Electoral Brandenburgian Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates, Rescripts etc., Published and Ordained in the Electorate and Mark Brandenburg, as well as Incorporated Lands. Buchladen des Waysenhauses: Berlin, 1737. Vol. 2, Col. 171.);
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General-Protection-Patent” (“Generalschutzpatent”) issued by the Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Prussia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] The Jews of Frankfurt are strictly prohibited to export any raw goods from the country. […]”
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Erster Teil/Die Zeit des Großen Kurfürsten und Friedrichs I; (“The Prussian State and the Jews; Part One/The Period of the Great Prince-Elector and Frederick I”); (Tübingen; 1962)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 5, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Edict (‘Edictum’) issued by the local authorities of Brunswick-Lüneburg"
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew shall be permitted to purchase property/real estate (‘immobilia’) or to lend considerable sums of money against them […].
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, und zwar Capvt Tertivm worinn enthalten bis das Militar - Wesen angehende Verordnungen. Zum Gebrauch der Fürstenthümer, Graf- und Herrschaften Calenbergischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, namely the third part, which contain the ordinances that pertain to the military. For the use of the principalities, counties and lordships of Calenberg.); (Göttingen; 1740);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 10, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Music and Dance Prohibition” decree issued by the Lower-Austrian Magistrate of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	From the Lower-Austrian government […] it is come to be known that there are wooden huts on the 'New Market' and other places […] and that this is not only in violation of the civil code, but poses a fire hazard […] and that often loud music after 10 p.m. is heard […] so the lordly generals are to uphold the laws and to prohibit Jews [to play and listen to] their own music and to dance on feasts and weddings, where even some Christians have been seen; which is prohibited and very punishable on its own: That is why it is ordered that 1) the large, wooden huts on the New Market and other places in the city are to be taken down 2) to inquire about the nightly music, and 3) to [ask] Jews to cease music and dancing in all seriousness.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 295.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 24, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order against trade between Jews and other subjects
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	Although both the Land Ordinance and the General Rescript issued just a few years ago strictly prohibited all trade between the subjects and the Jews, they still do this secretly on the borders, especially towards the Palatinate, and elsewhere, with bad and badly mutilated leather … to prevent this in the future,… either the goods or the proceeds will be taken away … and confiscated.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 2, Tübingen, 1842, pp. 1111-1112, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 5, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resolution” issued by Elector of Saxony Augustus, the Strong (Frederick Augustus I)
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are neither to be permitted to hold public prayer services ('öffentlicher Cultus') nor to purchase real estate […]
5. Source	Landtags-Acten von den Jahren 1836-1837. Beilagen zu den Protocollen der ersten Kammer. Erste Sammlung (Parliamentary Files of the Years 1836-1837. Supplements for the Protocols of the First Chamber, First Collection/Volume I); (Dresden)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Renewed Prohibition” (“Renovatio”) issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] since it is primarily the Jews, however, who violate this law, and who stand in solidarity with other foreign Jews […] and send them around in the land as their servants under [the disguise of] their own protection-permits […] and reduce the sustenance of the load-bearing citizens […] that is why We wish to order and remind all Kramer and Jews that they should not be peddling with their goods without the special permission of the Secret Council, and to especially warn Jews of this abuse, and to legally proceed against those who have found to have peddled without a special-concessions according to current law and to report [these incidences] to us. […]
5. Source	Continuatio Verwichenen 1716ten Jahrs im Druck herausgekommen zu den hiesigen Kantzley- und Policey-Ordnung gehörigen Supplementi, (Constitution of this past year 1716 which were published regarding the current chancellery and police ordinances and all supplemented laws relating to these.) Celle; 1719;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Even though this laws addresses “tablet-Kramer, Italians, and Jews, the above excerpts are directed at “especially the Jews.”

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 12, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Since numerous complaints have come forth, that the increasing number of Jews is causing great harm and disadvantage to the ability of Christians to make a living, that is why the landlord has graciously declared that further letters of protections should no longer be issued to Jews; even if the letters of protections have been issued for multiple years, they are now null and the noted date has come to and end […]
5. Source	Churfürstliche Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Gesetz und Verordnung Calenbergischen und Grubenhagenschen Theils in einem Auszug nach alphabetischer Ordnung gebracht von Friedrich Christoph Willich, der Rechte Doctor, und Actuarius der Georg-August Universität. Zweiter Band H-O. (State Laws and Ordinances of the Prince-Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg pertaining to Calenberg and Grubenhagen in one draft and in alphabetical order complied by Friedrich Christoph Willich, PhD in Law and Actuarius of Georg-August University. Second Volume. H - O.); (Göttingen/Dessau; 1782));
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent regarding melting of gold and silver into local coins” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] 10) The melting of gold and silver in their own or private homes under any pretext is to be entirely prohibited to Jews […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitvtionvm Marchicarvm. Vierdter Theil. Von Zoll- Jagd- Holz- Forst- Wald- Post- Vorspann- Müntz- Salz- Salpeter- und Bergwercks- auch Domänen Pacht- und anderen Aemter- Damm- und Teich-Sachen, Accis-Wesen, Bier- und Mahl-Ziese oder Scheffelsteuer, Kriegs und Mahl-Metze, auch Mühlen- und Brau-Sachen, Marinen- oder Chargen- und Recrüten-Caffe, Stempel-Papier, gestempelten carten u. In fünff Abtheilungen. Kaiserlich königliche Hofbibliothek. (“The constitution of the margraviate. Fourth division. Regarding domains pertaining to tolls/customs, hunting, wood, forest, post, leasing, mint, salt, salpeter, and mining and other offices such as dam and pond matters, as well as milling and brewing, marine, charging and recruiting cafes, stamp-paper, and stamped cards etc. In five divisions. Royal Imperial Court Library.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher While most of the text addresses both Christians and Jews, the above paragraph is solely directed at Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 15, 1718
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, passed by the City Council of Augsburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. All neighboring and foreign, young and old Jews and Jewesses, except those with special escorts on account of highly important matters, shall, from now on, be excluded from this city and kept away from it, and all citizens and residents are instructed, under threat of mandatory and serious punishment, to refrain from allowing any such Jews under their roof, nor any of their wares. 2. All Jews and Jewesses without special authorization are, from now on, prohibited to have any dealings or contracts with the citizens and residents of this city, be it in public or private, the only exception being open trade in the annual markets.
5. Source	“Es hat zwar ein Hoch-Edler und hochweiser Rath dieser deß Heil. Reichs Stadt Augspurg... [Although a Highly Noble and Highly Wise Council of this City of Augsburg, of the Holy Empire, hath…],” 12/15/1718; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 66; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 26, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Augsburg: Rules for limiting the amount of Jews allowed into Augsburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Rules for limiting the amount of Jews allowed into Augsburg. All Jews have to visit the major of Augsburg during a four week time. They have to bring their letter of protection. All Jews will be questioned by citizens of Augsburg. They must answer their questions truthfully. Jews who have a contract of commerce with citizens of Augsburg will receive the status of a 'nit-Burger'. They are therefore allowed in the city but will not be represented from the major. This decree shall be published for everyone. Decretum in Senatum, January 26, 1719
5. Source	Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute Nov/Dec 2014.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2014
8. Notes	Editor Translation paraphrase) Extract from resolution of the Senate in Augsburg, January 26, 1719.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 10, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rescript No. XXXVII" issued by King Frederick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Rescript excluding protected Jews from accessing 'Bau-Freiheits-Gelder' [state mortgages/loans] for the purpose of either repairs of old houses or the building of new houses. They are prohibited from being able to buy houses, but are required to live in rental properties only henceforth. All local authorities are called to implement this law.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto: Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünfter Theil. (Berlin 1740), Pages 179-180.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 22, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian Commissariat
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	According to the royal rescript (‘Rescripto’) from the 10th of this month, protected-Jews shall no longer [be permitted to] purchase homes, rather, they are to only rent homes [henceforth].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Germany Researcher The ordinance is signed by von Grumbkow; Röhne; v. Schapet; Richter.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 24, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Prussian government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not acquire houses in the cities.
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Dritter Theil. Die Herzogthümer: Cleve, Jülich und Berg, das Großherzogthum Niederrhein, die Markgrafthümer Lausitz und das Großherzogthum Posen. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian Monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. Third Volume. The duchies: Cleve, Jülich and Berg, the grand-duchy of Lower-Rhine, the Margraviates of Lausitz and the grand-duchy of Posen); (Berlin; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 25, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by the Pomeranian Commissariat
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not purchase raw cattle-, horse-, or cow-hides, much less export them [because] this kind of trade is only reserved for tanners and cobblers in Pomeranian as well as other cities. Such items purchased in violation of this prohibition are to be intercepted/stopped and reported to the Commissariat; Jews may purchase sheep, mutton, and lamb hides, but they may not export these, but [they must] rather carry [and sell] them only in Further/Eastern Pomeranian (‘Hinterpommern’) cities.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany; Lithuania, Poland Researcher Signed in Stargard, Poland.

1. Full Date of Act	May 10, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Limitations on the Purchase of Fish, issued by the government of Lower Austria
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	In recognition of the excesses of the Viennese Jewdom, who purchase the best and most prized fish early in the morning, ahead of Christians, Ambassadors and ministers, it is hereby ordered that the Magistrate of Vienna forbid Jews to buy any fish before nine o’clock in the morning and punish violators with appropriate severity.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 295. Accessed online.
6. Translator	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 10, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by August II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] but also, Jews are to be completely excluded from peddling and carrying around all sorts of local and foreign merchandise [except during the Naumburger and Leipziger fairs …] where trade and exchange remain in effect according to current regulations.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above mandate is addressed to Jews, Italians, and tablet-carriers, in general; except the excerpts translated above which are addressed to only Jews.