Acts – Page 75 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 13, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rescript LXXV" issued by King Frederick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Regulation prohibiting Jews from purchasing raw fur in the countryside.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto: Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum; Oder Königl. Preußis. Und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, Mandata, Rescripta etc: Von Zeiten Friedrichs I. Churfürstens zu Brandenburg, etc. Biß ietzo unter der Regierung Friderich Wilhelms Königs in Preussen etc. Ad annum 1736. Inclusive. Repertorium Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, I. Chronologicum. II. Reale. oder Zweyfaches Register über die Königl. Preuß. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgischen in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg auch incorporirten Landen ... Ordnungen, Edicten etc. von 1298. bis 1750, Fünfter Theil. (Berlin 1740), Pages 179-180 vid. P. V. Sec. II. Cap. 2 No. LXXV, Page 159.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 13, 1719
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict, regarding the prohibition to admit beggar-Jews” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick William, King of Prussia by the grace of God […] announce herewith to […] all of our prelates, dukes, lords, those of the knighthood, […] the magistrate in the cities […] all of our subjects in the Electorate of Brandenburg […that we] have noticed with displeasure that even though we had prohibited foreign beggar-Jews to enter our lands via the edicts of October 17, 1712, and November 14, 1714, that all sorts of poor Jews of both sexes still roam around in our lands [that is why we order herewith again] 1) that no Jew, may they arrive by foot or in a wagon, be young or old, man or female, be allowed to enter or pass through our cities or villages, but instead be turned away […].
5. Source	Anhang des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum Fünfften Theils. Zweyten Abtheilung. Cap. X. hält in sich Die General-Privilegia und Gulde-Briefe derer in the Chur und Mark Brandenburg bis- und jenes der Oder und Elbe befindlichen Zünfte und Handwerke, wie schon nach dem 16. August 1731 emanirten und in der Chur und Mark Brandenburg unsre dem 6. August 1732. publicirten Reichs-Constitution, mit Aufhebung derer alten Innungs-Briefe neu abgestattet und nach Ordnung der Zeit, wie sie publiciret sind, hier zusammen gedruckt worden. Kaiserliche Kurfürstliche Hofbibliothek. (“Supplement to the Constitution of the Margraviate. Fifth part. Twentieth section. Chapter X. contains the general-privileges and the letters/orders of the guilds in the electorate and margraviate of Brandenburg covering all [local craftsmen] guilds [located] all the way to the Oder and Elbe as it was issued as per August 16, 1731, in the Electorate and Margraviate of Brandenburg and published along with the state constitution of August 6, 1732, they are listed and printed here in chronological order as they were published after the abolishment of the old guild letters/orders. [From the] Imperial-Electoral Court Library.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 12, 1720
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jewish Patent issued by Clemens August, Bishop of Münster.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	In return for payment of an annual tribute by the Jews, individual additions to their diminishing family numbers by means of special grants of oaths shall only be made in return for the provision of a security of 400 thalers by the new person to be admitted. Nor shall any unaffiliated foreign Jews be permitted to settle or engage in trade in the area of the Bishopric.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Gesetze und Verordnungen welche in dem Königlich Preussischen Erbfürstenhume Münster … vom 1359 bis 1762 [Collection of Laws and Regulations in the Royal Prussian Hereditary Princely Estate of Münster … from 1359 to 1762],” Volume 1, Münster, 1842, pp. 354-355, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Researcher According to the source above, this Jewish Patent gave permission to 60 families and 21 individuals to live and work in the Prince-Bishopric of Münster for a 10 year period providing they behaved in accordance with the Jewish Regulation of April 29, 1662. This Patent was renewed for a further 10 years on March 6, 1730. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 28, 1720
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Penal-Patent against vagabonds, rogue robbers and beggars, including beggar-Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	The vagabonds, which include foreign musicians and beggar-Jews,… are hereby ordered, under this strict decree, to leave the district lands within four weeks from the publication of this regulation,… if they are strong and healthy people, they can expect to be expelled from the district the first time after a well-measured beating by the town or country servant … If they return a second time, they will be considered wanton scoundrels and perjurers, severely beaten with rods and branded on the back, but the third time, whether they were men or women, even if they had committed no further wrongdoing, they were to be regarded as blatant violators of this salutary penal regulation (in the event that the men could not be accommodated on the galleons somewhere appropriately and without special costs) they shall be sentenced to death.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 663-634, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher A penal-patent, or Strafpatent, was an administrative law issued in the 17th and 18th century in the realms of the Holy Roman Empire. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 21, 1720
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, Eberhard Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg and Teck […] Dear faithfuls! You may recall that even though we have issued numerous mandates and general (ordinances) in the Duchy of Württemberg and its territories which have strictly prohibited foreign horse-traders, and specifically Jews (Jewish horse-traders) to purchase and export horses, we have noticed that such (orders) remain unheeded and a large number of horses are purchased and sold […] under all sorts of pretexts by such people, which we not longer wish to see [happen] any longer. Which is why we have found it necessary to issue yet another stricter ordinance […] and order therewith that you shall post this Patent publicly […] so that no one can find opportunity to claim ignorance [of this order…].
5. Source	Bayerische StaatsBibliothek digital; (Bavarian State Library; digital library) Patent of Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Württemberg; www.reader.digitale-sammlungen.de.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 19, 1720
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Pomerania government*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	Jews, who hold protection-permits/patents (‘Schutz-Patente’) must pay their protection fees according to the current constitution, regardless of whether they are engaged in trade or not, because Jews who do not pay their protection-fees are no longer to be protected or tolerated […] and it is no longer up to Jews to decide whether they wish to trade [or not] and to get a permit [only] for that […].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.) (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *The ordinance is signed in Stargrad by von Somnitz and von Borcke.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 4, 1720
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree on the restrictions on the leather and tanning trade.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[We] command and order that from now on, under penalty of the abolition of trade and civil rights or other severe consequences, no tanner, leather worker or innkeeper, but especially those in our established Jewish community, may purchase any raw or unprocessed deer or game hides, and no innkeeper or foreman may buy or accept game from any common or suspicious man or farmer without a credible certificate of how he acquired it or from whom he was ordered to sell it.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, p. 648, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 6, 1721
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	The magistrate shall not tolerate any Jew in their jurisdiction who does not have an escort-letter from His Royal Majesty himself or be fined 100 Ducats […] and they may not permit Jews to keep more than one servant and a boy. Furthermore, no escorted-Jew - of which there may not be more than 2 in Immediat-cities (‘Immediat-Städten’) and only one in Mediat-cities (‘Mediat-Städten’)* - may permit his servant or boy or any other person to peddle in his name or he’s to lose this privilege and all of his belongings. Where the magistrate or local authorities encounter unescorted-Jews, they are to have them taken to the [local] prison (‘Stockhaus’).
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The ordinance is signed in Stargrad by von Grumbkow and von Borcke. In Prussia, an “Immidiat-Stadt” was a city that was under the direct subordination of the local territorial lord (‘Landesherren’). **A ‘Mediat-Stadt’ was a city that was subordinate to the nobility or the administration of that ruling power.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 10, 1721
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ejusdem Amendment Mandate” issued (Frederick) Augustus III of Poland
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Regarding the contagion that is spreading more and more in the Kingdom of France and the given order to put a stop to it. […] We, Frederick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’), by the grace of God, King of Poland, Grand-Duke of Lithuania, Reussen, Prussia […] have graciously come to the decision […] to not only reissue the mandate of January 10, 1714, but to tighten it […] We also wish to maintain the manner in which foreign and non-local Jews are dealt with as per Our [past] mandate […] and that Jews who arrive from Strasbourg, Metz, and from anywhere in France are no longer to be allowed to enter but are to be turned away immediately at the border-crossings […] except capitalist and exchange*-Jews (‘Capitalisten und Wechsel-Juden’), but under no circumstances the so-called beggar-Jews [are to be allowed to enter the domain…]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht gegeben und in richtige Ordnung gebracht von Johann Christian Lünig. (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - issued and published constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony, given light and brought into proper order by Johann Christian Lünig.); (Leipzig; 1724)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The above comprehensive mandate addresses foreigners in general for the most part, particularly, those coming from areas that were suspected to have been especially effected by the contagious disease; except the parts translated here which pertain to only Jews. *A ‘Wechsel’ (‘exchange’) was a written contract, similar to an IOU, in which one party agreed to pay the other party a certain amount of money by a certain date (or have the debt paid off by a third person). They were often referred to as ‘Wechselbriefe’ (‘letters-of-exchange’), because they could be folded up and sent. 'Wechsel-Jews' were those involved in this particular line of business.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 16, 1721
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] only the Jewish head [of the family] who has been granted a privilege (‘Previlegium’), along with his wife and those of his children who are still dependent [‘on his bread’] and do not pursue their own trade as well as their servants who are absolutely essential to them may remain in Vienna. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I;) (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by Frederick William I
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In 1722, he [King Frederick William I] decreed that Jews could marry only if they purchased from him a certain number of wild boars. The king knew that Jews were not permitted to eat pork; the law was a way of showing his contempt even as he extorted money from them. It was a malicious and expensive 'joke' at Jews' expense.” Phyllis Goldstein: “A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism.” p. 162 2) “This hard-boiled statement of the earthy, shrewd, and domineering Frederick William’s views on his realm and how he aimed to govern it flowed from his pen when his son, the future Frederick the Great, was but ten years old. It was meant to be read upon its author’s death, which did not occur until eighteen years later. The Prussian king’s deep religiosity pervades the text, but so does his religious bigotry toward Catholics and Jews… [Later, the King speaks to his son, the future King, about the Jews:] The Jews. As to the Jews, there are, unfortunately, very many in our lands who have no letters of protection from me. Those you must chase out of the country, because the Jews are locusts in a country and ruin the Christians. I beseech you to issue no new letters of protection, even if they offer you large sums for them, because it will be a great damage to you and the ruin of your subjects. [ . . . ]” "German History in Documents and Images, Vol. 2, From Absolutism to Napoleon, 1648-1815 - The Political Testament of Frederick William I ('the Soldier King')" (February 17, 1722) Online article; pp. 7-8
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 6, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal order, issued by the Danish Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Granting that the German Jewish nation in Copenhagen may in some cases use their light ban: His Majesty, after reviewing their most submissive application and request, has most graciously granted and permitted the enlightened German Jewish nation, having established itself in Copenhagen, to use the light, or mild and gentle ban, which in the Hebrew language is known by the name of ‘herem issur’, but by no means the two sharp bans, namely the middle and the large, though the aforementioned Jews must only utilize the above-mentioned mild and gentle ban in cases regarding the adequacy of their congregations, the usual practice of their ceremonies and religions, the wages and maintenance of their schools and cemeteries, as well as the wages of the servants, as well as the collection of alms.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. [The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836]. Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 245.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 27, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Travel Regulations, issued by the City of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	XVI. Traveling Jews, however, shall obtain a signature on their passports at each and every waypoint on their journeys, so that they may be able to show, upon their return, that they did not travel to a suspect place, nor had any intercourse with suspicious persons.
5. Source	Ordnung und Reglement was bey noch fuehrwehrender Gefahr der leydigen Contagion… (Ordinance and Regulation, regarding the ongoing Danger of the Plague… ). Hesse Decrees Collection; Folder 1; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 4, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance of the Sovereign-Prince” issued by Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[…] The wives of Jews, who are in debt and [her/their] possessions/assets can be asked to account [for the (husband's) debt…].
5. Source	Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 1, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued for the City of Kaliningrad (‘Königsberg’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia; Present-day Russia
4. Text of Act	[…] in the future, Polish and German Jews are no longer to be permitted to enter the city [Kaliningrad] and the kingdom and to import [distilled] spirits (‘Branntwein’) and other merchandize. All Jews in the land/domain who hold such items are to be removed/expelled by the 20th of this month […] Such Jewish items and merchandize, if encountered or found to have been imported by them, shall be confiscated […].
5. Source	Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums. Achter Jahrgang [Monthly periodical regarding the history and science of Judaism. Eighth annual edition]; (Leipzig; 1859)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 18, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"General Ordinance No. VLIII" issued by King Frederick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Ordinance requiring Jews who want to copulate or to get married to get a special permission from the Recruiting-Register first in order to limit the number of Jewish citizen in the country. All Jews, whether male or female, old or young who want to copulate or get married are required to appear in front of the Recruiting-Resister and declare their age in a believable way and to attain a marriage license. Those are found to disobey this new ordinance either willingly or negligibly, or by secretly copulating or getting married abroad, are not only to be punished but also to lose their 'Jewish Previligii' [permission to stay in the country]. Rabbis who have been found to have disregarded this ordinance are to pay a fine of $100) Thaler. All agencies and districts are required to uphold the law.
5. Source	Mylius, Christian Otto: Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünfter Theil. (Berlin 1740), p. 185-186.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 7, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Circular” of the Royal Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover
4. Text of Act	[…] no local or foreign Jew shall be permitted to go peddling with junk items/stuff (‘Kram-Waaren’) without a written permission/concession from the government […]
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum Gebrauch des Fürstenthums Lüneburg, auch angehörige Graf- und Herrschaften Zellischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, third part, which contains chapter four, pertaining to police-matters. Volume I. Containing the first twelve sections of the same. For the use of the principality of Lüneburg, as well as the Duchies and Lordships associated in the territories of Celle.); (Lüneburg; 1743);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 23, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by King [Frederick William] of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews may not stay more than four weeks, except in special cases* […]
5. Source	Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums. Achter Jahrgang (Monthly periodical regarding the history and science of Judaism. Eighth annual edition.); (Leipzig; 1859)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *According to the cited source, the king has added a hand-written note in the margin of this writ which reads: ‘Whether they have the most important reasons/circumstances or not, they should not be tolerated in My domain a single hour longer than the four weeks […].'

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 29, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Pomeranian War and Domain-Chamber (‘Pommerschen Kriegs- und Domainen-Cammer’)
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	His royal Majesty have graciously resolved [as per the order issued] on Nov. 13 to allow Jews to purchase cow- & horse-hides on the countryside, but only for the purpose of supplying these to tanners and cobblers who live in Pomeranian cities; but shall remain prohibited [to them] otherwise.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany; Lithuania, Poland

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 3, 1722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting the right of residence of beggar-Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Johann Philipp Franz, Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Franconia, had already issued instructions … to deal with the increasing number of beggar-Jews, who were nothing but robbers and thieves. These individuals were to be driven out and chased away at the borders of the high diocese, and if they attempted to sneak deeper into the land, they were to be caught and severely punished with harsh blows. They were then to be escorted from one district to another, with the explicit warning that any attempt to re-enter the land would result in even harsher penalties for their bodies and lives, in accordance with the issued district mandate. … Nevertheless, it has been reported that such beggar-Jews have been admitted into the diocese by showing one or another passport, but experience has shown that they are outright swindlers and thieves, and as such are not to be tolerated under any circumstances,… [Therefore] all officials,… are hereby seriously and under unavoidable punishment ordered that no begging Jew, residing within the diocese or under the jurisdiction of the noble estates, who is not provided with a sufficient and authentic passport and high princely customs stamp, is allowed to pass through, [and] as soon as he is stopped [apprehended], his work and why he is not provided with the proper customs stamps, his actions and omissions are questioned, his bundles, bags or other goods he is carrying are inspected, and a report must be made to the authorities. Jews residing under the protection of the diocese are strictly ordered not to give shelter, assistance, or any form of support to foreign beggar-Jews,… [if they do] they should immediately be expelled from the protection of the diocese, or even punished in life and limb, and … [anyone], if they had knowledge of such assistance, and did not report it appropriately to the officials of each locality…, be subject to the same punishment.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances]," Part 1, Franz Sebastian Sartorius, Wurzburg, 1776, pp. 683-684, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The district mandate mentioned above could possibly be referring to the Penal-Patent against vagabonds, rogue robbers and beggars issued on June 28, 1720, that details harsh punishments for vagabonds, foreign beggars and beggar-Jews. See the above source pp. 633-644, or oaja.org entry dated June 28, 1720. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com and Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 11, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Mandate” issued by George I of Great Britain
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Hannover
4. Text of Act	We, George, by the grace of God King of Great Britain […] declare herewith […] after having received reports from Our Justice-Department (‘Justiz-Collegia’) that on important investigations regarding robbery and theft, Jews, especially foreign Jews who secretly sneak into Our lands and stay with Our protected Jews and find in them a safeguard to pursue all sorts of evil intentions [have been implicated…] which is why We wish to order herewith and with the power of this [writ] that 1) as far as beggar-Jews are concerned […] they are not to be admitted into Our German lands at all, but instead, when they are caught, they are to be persecuted in all rigorousness and severity […] border-officers who knowingly allow such [beggar-Jews] to pass or do not do enough to stop them, are to be fine 50 Thlr. [Thaler] as well as any inn-keeper, host or landlord [who harbor them] whoever they may be shall be fined 10 Thlr. […]
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum Gebrauch des Fürstenthums Lüneburg, auch angehörige Graf- und Herrschaften Zellischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, third part, which contains chapter four, pertaining to police-matters. Volume I. Containing the first twelve sections of the same. For the use of the principality of Lüneburg, as well as the Duchies and Lordships associated in the territories of Celle.); (Lüneburg; 1743)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The above mandate contains III long paragraphs. It has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space, but can be found in its entirely in the cited source. The document was signed in Hannover along with Andreas Gottlieb von Bernstorf[f] who was prime minister of the Electorate of Hanover and German Chancery in London.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 15, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued “as per His Majesty’s most gracious special order”* by von Görne; von Viereck; von Happe, and von Boden
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	The cobblers and tanners in Neu-Mark and in Pomerania can purchase cattle- & horse-hides in any of these provinces; Jews, however, are prohibited to purchase such hides.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany; Lithuania; Poland

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 23, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict Issued by Bishop Clemens August against the Jews
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	We hereby command the tolerated and settled Jews to refrain from conducting any trade or commerce outside the cities, market towns, and villages where they are settled, without a valid pass granted by the court for a duration of one year, under penalty of 10 gold guilders. Furthermore, under the same penalty of losing their residency and an additional fine of 50 gold guilders, the subjects are also forbidden from accepting or entertaining any foreign Jews in violation of this princely edict.
5. Source	L. Boediker, “Sammlung Der Gesetze, Verordnungen, Rescripte U. S. W. Des Vormaligen Bissthums Münster Und des Jetzigen Herzogthums Arenberg-Meppen Bis 1810 Einschliesslich, [Collection of Laws, Regulations, Rescripts, etc. of the Former Diocese of Münster and the Current Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen up to and including 1810],” Hannover, 1855, p. 269-270, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 3, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian Commissariat*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	As per Royal Rescript of March 31, Jews are prohibited to purchase old copper and brass or face confiscation of the items.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Signed in Stargrad by von Waldow and von Lettow.

1. Full Date of Act	May 8, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued Prussian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] edict from August 1, [1772 …] according which Jews are completely excluded […] from importing foreign [distilled] spirits (‘Branntwein’) [is renewed and further explained …] Polish wholesalers and factory owners who work with people in Wityny or arrive in the domain with raw items from Poland, Russia, Turkey or Ukraine or other foreign domains, can only stay up to four weeks, those who are simply buyers shall only be tolerated up to 14 days. […] Any extension request is to be appealed to [and granted by] the king. […]
5. Source	Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums. Achter Jahrgang (Monthly periodical regarding the history and science of Judaism. Eighth annual edition.); (Leipzig; 1859)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None