Acts – Page 76 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	May 10, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” of Franz Ludwig, Archbishop and Prince-Elector
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Trier
4. Text of Act	[…] Chapter I. Regarding the [escort]permits and tolls of Jews. 1) No Jew or Jewess shall be present or settle in Our principally of Trier or risk the sure loss of all of his/her assets/property and in order to avoid corporal punishment. 2) We wish to permit no more than 160 [Jewish] families in our Upper and Lower Arch-Stift* […] 4) We wish that no Jew is to be issued a permit in our Arch-Shift, who does not have proof of at least five-hundred Rthlr [Reichsthaler] in assets […] Chapter II. Regarding the clothing, exchange, and apartments/living quarters. Jews who have received our escort (protection) […] their wives and children are to refrain from wearing expensive velvet and silk dresses, or lace and gold or silver straps or buttons on their dresses or coats […], 3) Jews are not to live with Christians under the same roof […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Gesetze und Verordnungen, welche in dem vormaligen Churfürstenthum Trier über Gegenstände der Landeshoheit, Verfassung, Verwaltung und Rechtspflege ergangen sind, vom Jahre 1310 bis zur Reichs-Deputations-Schluß-mäßigen Auflösung des Churstaates Trier am Ende des Jahres 1802. Im Auftrage des königlich preußischen hohen Staats-Ministeriums zusammengetragen und herausgegeben von J. J. Scotti, königlich preußischer Regierungs-Sekretär. Zweiter Theil, vom Jahre 1701 bis zum Jahre 1768, und von Nr. 300 bis Nr. 658. (“Collection of laws and ordinances, which were previously issued in the Electorate of Trier in terms of national sovereignty, the constitution, administration of justice from 1310 until the Reichs-Deputation-Final-Disbandment of the Electorate of Trier at the end of 1802. By the other of the royal Prussian Supreme State Ministry and compiled and published by J. J. Scotti, Royal Prussian Government Secretary. Part Two, from 1701 to 1768, and No. 300 to No. 658.”); (Düsseldorf; 1832)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher A Stift was an independent territory within the Holy Roman Empire. The above regulation of Archbishop Franz Ludwig consists of XIII "chapters” each consisting of several paragraphs. It has been abbreviated here to fit the allocated space.

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Supreme/Royal Decision” (‘Allerhöchste Entschließung’) issued by Charles IV (‘Karl VI’)
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] His Majesty have issued a number of privileges to the Moravian Jewry […] and order [herewith…] 1) the previous[ly valid] 12000 fl (Gulden) Jewish-toleration-levies (‘Judentoleranzgelder) (which were contained in the old pardons/regulations of Ferdinand) are to be reduced — except those the Jewry is to contribute generally/minimally (‘per Pausch’) — to 8000 fl [Gulden] annually; this reduction, however, is not to be perpetual (‘in perpetuum’), but only as long as His Majesty is graciously inclined to do so; and Jews shall give — in addition to their toleration-levies — chimney and flattened wire (‘Kaminen und Lahnen)* — and continue to contribute to the royal/imperial treasury (‘kaiserliche Ärariums’) […] no less than what they have been contributing to their local authorities […] in the past […]. 2) No bigger tax or other levies/fees that are different from those of Christians shall be required from Jews (other than the body-tax (‘Leibmaut’) which (the fee) is to remain the same) […]
5. Source	Sammlung der seit dem Jahre 1600 bis zum Jahre 1740 ergangenen allerhöchsten Gesetze. In chronologischer Ordnung. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Franz Xaver Wekebrod, erstem Magistrats- Rath und Syndikus in Römerstadt. (Brünn; 1810); (Collection of [all] supreme laws issued from 1600 until 1740. In chronological order. Collected and published by Franz Xaver Wekebrod, lead syndic of the magistrate and council of the Roman city.); (Brno; 1810)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Lahnen appears to be referring to a flattened wire made of gold, silver or copper. While the majority of this contains regulations protecting Jews, the above is the exception.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 16, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict regarding the unprotected Jews” issued by King Georg of Great Britain
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Hannover
4. Text of Act	[We] Georg, King of Great Britain […] by the grace of God, since it has come to our disapproving attention […] that court authorities (‘Gerichts-Herren’) […] (dare to) take it upon themselves, to issue Jews escort-permits so that they can settle in their jurisdiction, and who ultimately enjoy the same legal standing […] as Our protected Jews […] even though the privilege to issue such protection and escort permits is exclusively reserved to the Lord of the land […] that is why we wish to renew the ordinance from February 7, 1687, herewith, and order that any violation (of this law) is to be avoided entirely and that everyone whom this concerns, obeys it or face serious penalties and punishments. […]
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum Gebrauch des Fürstenthums Lüneburg, auch angehörige Graf- und Herrschaften Zellischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, third part, which contains chapter four, pertaining to police-matters. Volume I. Containing the first twelve sections of the same. For the use of the principality of Lüneburg, as well as the Duchies and Lordships associated in the territories of Celle.); (Lüneburg; 1743)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued “as per His Majesty’s most gracious special order”* by von Görne; von Viereck; von Happe, and von Boden
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	The acquisition of ox-, cattle-, cow-, and horse-hides is completely prohibited to the Jews; all tanners and cobblers,** however, can acquire them in the Margraviate [of Brandenburg] and Pommern.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany; Lithuania, Poland Researcher Friedrich v. Görne, von Viereck, von Happe, and von Boden were ministers under Frederick William I of Prussia. *Tanners and cobblers were craftsmen who were required to be a member of a guild which could only be joined by Christians (with very few exceptions.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 3, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued by the City Council of Dresden
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	It appears that Jews sneak in and buy up silver and jewels and import all sorts of merchandise, and they even appear to have a gold-cutter amongst themselves. [That is why] all Jews are prohibited to be present outside of the times of the annual markets at the threat of 20 Rthl. [Reichsthaler] fine […] Lehmann’s and Meyer’s aids/servants are prohibited to engage in any kind of trade.
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 20, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Georg I of Great Britain
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Hannover
4. Text of Act	[…] IV) […] if the Jewish Easter/Easter of Jews (‘Juden Ostern’) falls on the same day per the improved calendar [as the Christian], like for example as in 1778 or 1798, and no other/proper time can to be found by consulting the commonly used Rudolphian Table (‘Tabulae Rudolphinae’)[…] and approved by the Evangeline church (‘corpore Evangelicorum’), the[ir] Easter-fest is to be postponed by 8 days […] in order to maintain the intentions of the Council of Nicaea (‘Concilii Nicaeni’) […]
5. Source	Die Rechtsverhältnisse der Juden in ehemaligen Königreiche und der jetzigen Provinz Hannover. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der hohen juristischen Fakultät der Georg Augustus-Universität zu Göttingen vorgelegt von Abraham Löb (The legal status of Jews in the former kingdom and the current province of Hanover. Inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate of the esteemed law faculty of Georg Augustus University in Göttingen presented by Abraham Löb.); (Frankfurt a. M.; 1906)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Decree
3. Geography of Act	Archdukedom of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Order and Ordinance, by which Jews are to act in the city of Vienna until their Privileges expire: 1) No Jew, unless he’s received a special 'privilege' is allowed to keep married children or friends, much less, married accountants, cashiers or other married servants, whose wife and children are away, […] and they are to get rid of them within four weeks of this publication. 2) No Jew is allowed to keep servants or housemate, unless given specific permission by the court; nor is anyone allowed to shelter a Jew overnight under any circumstance, except with the permission of the court. 3) Jews are not to have Christian servants except as a coachman, who is to change every year […] and if they are in need of Christian scribes, they are not to have them over for 'bread and food' and much less overnight. 4) the head of the family is to deal with exchange (of money and Jewels); however, not with other things, especially with trade items, under the treat of loss of their privileges. 5) Should it be known that besides the 'house father' his children and servants are doing even the smallest kind of business who are not privileged to do so, are to be made known and fined, but also the father is to lose his Privileges. 6) Jews are to follow their religious ceremonies quietly and without offending the Christians in any way, nor are they to leave the house before 10 a.m. much less find negotiating or doing any kind of business, […] and should a Jew find himself in a alley where a body of an ill person is being carried through, he’s to hide in the nearest house and wait until the procession is over […] and stay away from a window, so that he’s not only seen, or sees the alley.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 310 ff.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 22, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Swedish Parliamentary Resolution on the Clergy's Problems and Applications
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Sweden
4. Text of Act	All Jews, land-ironers, wire-pullers and fence-makers, who travel around the country,… [should] be arrested, and used for the work of the Crown.
5. Source	Hugo Valentin, “Urkunder Till Judarnas Historia i Sverige [Records for the History of the Jews in Sweden],” Albert Bonniers, Stockholm, 1924, p. 12, available from runeberg.org.
6. Researcher	Rodi Adelsson (DLA Piper Sweden)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Swedish in the source above. Translator It was translated into English using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 29, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Except one Christian coachman, [Jews] may not keep any other Christian servants […] they may keep one (or the other) Christian scriber in their scriptorium, however, without [being permitted to offer/supply them with any] food or an apartment; […] Jew are to conduct their ceremonies quietly/in silence and without irritating any Christians […] on Sundays and [religious] holidays, [they] may not leave their homes before 10 am much less do business before that time. […] Jews who find themselves on the road/in an alley (‘Gasse’) on which the sanctissimum* (‘Venerabile’) of an sick person or such is being carried, they are to enter/go to the nearest house and wait there until the procession is over; […] when a holy sanctissimum/procession passes an alley, a Jew may not stand too close, but must stay away from a window so that he may not been seen or observe the event. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher A scriptorium refers to a writing den. *A sanctissimum was/is a holy processions that took/takes place in honor or the ill and the dead.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 4, 1723
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	Unprotected Jews are to be fined 100 Rthlr. [Reichsthaler…] and immediately removed from the city.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *Signed in Stargrad by von Grumbkow and von Schaper.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 10, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General Edict” issued the Government of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Since His Royal Majesty of Prussia […] our gracious lord, have heard with great displeasure that a large number of unprotected Jews are present in the Electorate of Mark and Duchy of Magdeburg […] who pursue trade - which is prohibited to the Jewry - to the detriment of the Christian citizens […] and even engage in purchasing and trading with stolen items […] His Royal Majesty wishes that all such unprotected Jews are immediately expelled from the land, which is what we order via this general edict […].
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The edict contains 11 additional points and has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. The full text can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 14, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Christians may not admit/accept one or several Jews into their homes/houses or rooms or to even keep him/them over night or be fined 100 Reichstahler.
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher Jews were only permitted to stay in apartments that had been assigned to them. This prohibition was announced from door-to-door and made known to each homeowner at the expense of the Jewry on March 24, 1724.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 19, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Fredrick Wilhelm of Prussia and addressed to the General Fiscal Duhram
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[…] that the Jews have to get rid of (‘loßschlagen’)* their houses and give it to Christians (‘überlassen’); in houses adjacent to Christians homes in which a bunch of Jews live without any Christians, the general-fiscal is to order the (property) owners to either refuse their rent entirely (evict them) or if they wish to keep Jews in their houses, at least one Christian family must live in the house as well.
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Order is issued in Potsdam.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” of King Louis XV of France
3. Geography of Act	United States [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"The edict of the late King Louis XIII of glorious memory […] shall be in force in our province and colony of Louisiana, in the execution of which, we enjoin the directors of said company*, and all of our officers, to remove from said country all the Jews who many have taken up their abode there – the departure of whom, as declared enemies of the Christian name, we command within three months, including the day these presents are published, under the pain of forfeiture of their bodies and states. […]."
5. Source	American Jewish Historical Society: Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, Issues 15-16;
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher *The Indies company had been granted exclusive trading privileges in the province of Louisiana by Louis XV. Edict issued in New Orleans.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 27, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Hannover: Jews are forbidden to peddle goods
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Jews are forbidden to peddle goods because it damages commerce and trade. Every person who is going to act against this decree will be punished.
5. Source	Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute Nov/Dec 2014
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator Translation paraphrase. Extract from resolution of Hannover, June 27, 1724

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 12, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Augustus II, the Strong
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	The prohibition remains in effect […] The already existing merchandise in the warehouse [of Jews] can be sold, however, no further/new merchandise may be acquired [by them anymore].
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 3, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting the employment of rabbis, cantors and schoolmasters.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	Jews are not allowed to employ rabbis, cantors and schoolmasters without permission and must pay protection money for them.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1719 bis 1743 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1719 to 1743],” Part 2, Bevern, 1788, p. 46, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 8, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Archbishop Damian Hugo of Speyer
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	We, Damian Hugo, by the grace of God […] order with the power of this letter […] that Jews and Christians are not to co-habitate under the same roof or face a fine of 50 Rthlr. [Reichsthaler…]
5. Source	Sammlung der Bischöflich Speierischen Hirtenbriefe und Diocesan-Verordnungen von dem Jahre 1720 bis 1786. Nebst einem Anhang vom frommen Stiftungen in Hochstifte Speier. (Collection of pastoral letters of the Bishopric of Speyer and diocese ordinances from 1720 until 1786. Along with an appendix from the pious foundations in the Hochstift of Speyer.);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 26, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting Jewish cohabitation with Christians.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	No Christian should live with a Jew under the same roof.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1719 bis 1743 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1719 to 1743],” Part 2, Bevern, 1788, pp. 46-47, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 31, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Rescript” issued by King [Frederick William] of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews in Berlin and in all other provinces shall [be allowed to] die out and no new protection-letter/permit (‘Schutzbrief’) shall be issued [to them] henceforth […]
5. Source	Kisch, Guido: Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte der Juden in Halle 1686-1730. (“Legal and social history of Jews in Halle from 1686-1730”); (Berlin; 1970)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 19, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree prohibiting usuary by members of the Jewish community
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	We do not intend to tolerate usury by these pernicious Jews, who are so damaging to the country and people, [nor] allow it to go unpunished …; therefore we hereby graciously order you that immediately after receiving this, you should not only prohibit all such usury with a fine of 25 florins to all subjects entrusted to your office, but also instruct those who have borrowed fruit or money from the Jews on such terms to immediately identify such usurers from this and previous years of government, so that we can not only severely punish such wickedness, but also have the damage suffered by them refunded.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1719 bis 1743 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1719 to 1743],” Part 2, Bevern, 1788, pp. 47-48, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 18, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance regarding taxes for the Jewish-hostel/house in Riga” protocol of the state courts*; confirmed by the [City] Council of Riga
3. Geography of Act	Governorate of Livonia; Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) As per old custom, no Jew may arrive and find accommodation anywhere but on the unloading berth/distribution port/house (‘Lastadie’) which he was assigned to so that he can report his merchandise properly and so that fraud may be prevented. 2) Jews, like all arriving foreigners from Lithuania, Russia, Courland, Polish Livonia shall have their brandy, which they carry in on their sleds or wagons during the summer and winter […] brought nowhere but into that house first [so that the appropriate officers/authorities can take inventory and all necessary taxes and levies are paid …] and the inn-keeper is not to permit any brandy to leave the premises until then, and he is permitted to take for each [small] vessel of brandy […] 1/8 Rthl. [Reichsthaler] Alb. [Albus] and for each large one 1/4 Rthl. Alb. 3) When a Jew remains in the city overnight, the inn-keeper must report this immediately to the acting mayor. […]
5. Source	Buchholz, Anton: Geschichte der Juden in Riga bis zur Begründung der Rigischen Hebräergemeinde im J. 1842. Herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. (History of the Jews in Riga until the foundation of the Hebrew community of Riga in the year 1842. Published by the Society for History and Antiquity of the Baltic-See provinces of Russia.); (Riga; 1899)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *The Protocol of the state court bears the date November 14, 1724. A similar ordinance was issued April 5, 1666.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 4, 1724
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent” issued in Silesia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 12) The Jews of Silesia are prohibited to peddle. […]
5. Source	Scari, von Hieronymus: Systematische Darstellung der in Betreff der Juden in Mähren und in k. k. Antheile Schlesiens Erlassene Gesetze und Verordnungen; (Brünn; 1835); (“Systematic Representation in Regards to the Jews of Moravia and the Laws and Ordinances Issued in the Imperial and Royal[ly Owned] Parts of Silesia”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher The prohibition was confirmed via a patent issued on January 3, 1726, and by the Silesian Tolerant-Patent of April 17, 1752.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 6, 1725
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Magistrate at Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Jews may not employ Christian servants.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 111.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 12, 1725
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Rescript” (‘Rescriptum’) issued by Frederick William (‘Fr. Wilhelm’) and addressed to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Peddling on the countryside [however] is to remain prohibited to Jews [from Neu-Mark* as well as Pomerania] at the threat of confiscation [of the items].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None