Acts – Page 78 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 20, 1728
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Rescript” (‘Rescriptum’) issued by Frederick William and addressed to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	There shall be 65 escorted […] Jewish families tolerated in the Duchy of Farther-Pomerania and in Lauenburg and Bütow Land, which shall include married 1st and 2nd children as well as widows […] who shall now give 12 Rthlr. instead, as well as 16 Gr. [Groschen] and 3 Pf. [Pfennig] annually per family in recruitment-fees (‘Recruten-Gelder’) to the Recruitment-treasury/office (‘Recruten-Casse’) […] And because protected Jews in each of the provinces are all liable for each others protection- & recruitment-fees […they are to assume these payments collectively] when there are not 65 Jewish-families present or if that number has been reduced by His Majesty.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747. (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher	None
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1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 31, 1728
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Declaration” issued by the Government of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	His Royal Majesty of Prussia, […] our gracious lord […] have declared that [as] the Jews in Berlin and all other provinces die out, no new letters of protection shall be issued [to Jews]. All Jewish commissions, domain-chambers, magistrates and authorities under which the Jews lie, are to enforce this […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
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1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 30, 1728
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick William, King of Prussia by the grace of God […] order that the local Jewry shall not elect a Jew who has gone bankrupt or is otherwise suspicious as their [Jewish] elders […]
5. Source	Anhang des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum Fünfften Theils. Zweyten Abtheilung. Cap. X. hält in sich Die General-Privilegia und Gulde-Briefe derer in the Chur und Mark Brandenburg bis- und jenes der Oder und Elbe befindlichen Zünfte und Handwerke, wie schon nach dem 16. August 1731 emanirten und in der Chur und Mark Brandenburg unsre dem 6. August 1732. publicirten Reichs-Constitution, mit Aufhebung derer alten Innungs-Briefe neu abgestattet und nach Ordnung der Zeit, wie sie publiciret sind, hier zusammen gedruckt worden. Kaiserliche Kurfürstliche Hofbibliothek. (Supplement to the Constitution of the Margraviate. Fifth part. Twentieth section. Chapter X. contains the general-privileges and the letters/orders of the guilds in the electorate and margraviate of Brandenburg covering all [local craftsmen] guilds [located] all the way to the Oder and Elbe as it was issued as per August 16, 1731, in the Electorate and Margraviate of Brandenburg and published along with the state constitution of August 6, 1732, they are listed and printed here in chronological order as they were published after the abolishment of the old guild letters/orders. [From the] Imperial-Electoral Court Library.)
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1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 7, 1728
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland
4. Text of Act	[…] in matters pertaining to civil and criminal law, Jews are under the jurisdiction of the government, however, the collection of payments from Jews and their escort [permits/fees] appertain to the royal War- & Domain-Chamber (“königl. Kriegs- und Domainen Cammer’).
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750);
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8. Notes	Researcher *Signed in Stattin by von Grumbkow and von Lettow.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 21, 1729
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Alias Emanarunt,” issued by Pope Benedict XIII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day France
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are to be limited to the trade of rag-picking, or 'cencinariae' (as it is said in the vernacular), and they cannot trade in grain, barley or any other commodity essential to human welfare. And those among them who are physicians, even if summoned and inquired after, cannot attend or take part in the care of Christians, and they are not to be addressed as superiors [even] by poor Christians.
5. Source	Giraldi, Ubaldo. Expositio juris pontificii: juxta recentiorem ecclesiae disciplinam in duas partes distribute (Exposition of Pontifical Law, According to Recent Church Doctrine, Published in Two Parts), Part 1. Apud Dominicum Ercole: Rome, 1829. Pp. 619ff.
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1. Full Date of Act	May 24, 1729
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Writ” issued by Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, Eberhard Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg and Teck […] Dear faithfuls! Even though We have ordered in all earnestness with our General-Ordinance of November 2, 1706, regarding the trade and business dealings of Our subjects with the Jews […] and that there shall be no business and trade dealings between Christians and Jews, except during the public markets, We have noticed with displeasure that the formerly issued constitutions are being disregarded […] and that dealings and trade between Jews and Christians occur even on holy Sundays […] that is why we order herewith again that none of our subjects may borrow anything from Jews, or to deal/trade with them […] in any shape or form - […] (except during public market days …] and never during Sundays and Holy-days. […].
5. Source	Sammlung der württembergischen Gerichts-Gesetze. Von Chr. H. Ricke, Rechts-Consulent in Stuttgart. Dritter Theil. Enthaltend bis dritte Riehe der Gerichts-Gesetze vom Jahr 1654 bis zum Jahr 1805. (Collection of court/legal laws of Württemberg. By Chr. H. Ricke, Legal-Consultant in Stuttgart. Third part. Contains all first three rows of the court/legal laws starting 1654 until 1805.)
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8. Notes	Researcher The above text has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. The full text can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1729
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript, issued by Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	We hereby prohibit all trading and other dealings of Christians with Jews, except in public markets but without the evil of usury; from now on, none of Our subjects shall be allowed to borrow anything from Jews, to work with them, or to agree to any deal or trade with them, be it usurious or not, and the appropriate punishments and confiscations shall be applied without mercy to those in contravention of this order.
5. Source	Riecke, Christian H. Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Collection of the Laws of Württemberg). L.F. Fues: Tübingen, 1835. Vol. 6. Page 352.
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 7, 1729
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by the Prussian government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] when foreign Jews copulate (’copuliret’) or die in the lands of the princely-electorate (’hochfürstl. Landen’), they are to properly submit the ‘jura stolae’ (legal tax/dues).
5. Source	Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius kameralisten-Bibliothek, oder vollständiges Verzeichnis derjenigen Bücher, Schriften und Abhandlungen, welche von dem Oeconomie- Polizey- Finaz- und Cameralwesen und verschiedenen anderen damit verbundenen Wissenschaften, auch von der dahin einschlagenden Rechtsgelehrsamkeit handeln. (Nürnberg; 1762); (Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius Trade Library or list of books, writings, and treatises which deal with economic, police, finance, and trade laws and are connected to other sciences, and influence other laws.); (Nuremberg; 1762)
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1. Full Date of Act	1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by Frederick William I
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In 1730 a new Jewry law was promulgated: the eldest son was now obliged to own 1,000 and pay 50 taler and the second twice these amounts; all were subject to the condition that the number of protected Jews (Schutzjuden) in any given locality should not increase. Foreign Jews in possession of at least 10,000 taler were allowed to settle in Prussia. The law also prohibited Jews from engaging in all crafts (except seal engraving) competing with Christian guilds; it prohibited them from dealing in a large number of goods (mainly local produce). Peddling, in particular, was suppressed. Commerce in luxury wares (expensive textiles, spices, etc.) was permitted, as was moneylending and dealing in old clothes. The law applied not only to Brandenburg but to all Prussian territories, creating uniform conditions for the Jews and defining (in article 24) their juridical relationship to the state. The regular tax load was raised, in addition to extraordinary exactions. Jewish merchants were encouraged to become entrepreneurs and invest in manufacture, particularly of textiles (silk, ribbons, satin, lace, etc.). These businessmen were granted highly favorable conditions. Thus the king passed on to his son a basically contradictory policy, at the same time mercantilist and anti-Jewish; needing and encouraging Jews for their economic contribution he attempted to restrict their rights and numbers.” Henry Wasserman: “Prussia.”* Online article 2) “Frederick William I (1713-40) limited…the number of tolerated Jews…By a charter granted in 1730, the number of tolerated Jews was reduced to 100 householders. Only the two oldest sons of the family were allowed to reside in Berlin – the first, if he possessed 1,000 thalers in ready money, on payment of 50 thalers, and the second if he owned and paid double these amounts. Vergleitete Jews might own stores, but were forbidden to trade in drugs and spices (except for tobacco and dyes), in raw skins, and in imported woolen and fiber goods, and were forbidden to operate breweries or distilleries. They were also forbidden to engage in any craft, apart from seal engraving, gold and silver embroidery, and Jewish ritual slaughter. Land ownership by Jews had been prohibited in 1697 and required a special license which could be obtained only with great difficulty. Jews might bequeath their property to their children, but not to other relatives.” Abraham Meir Habermann: “Berlin.” Online article
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1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 22, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] it is not permitted for Jews to purchase homes or to fraudulently loan money on a house to such an extent that no Christian would be in a position to purchase it so that it must be turned over to the Jew as a ‘creditori in perpetuum’ […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
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1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 29, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on the Rights of Jewish Women
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	In future Jewish women should not be granted the legal benefits otherwise prescribed for the benefit of the female sex in general and in particular when their husbands are burdened with debts, but that Jewish women should be obliged and required, as true co-debtors, to help to pay off and relieve the debts incurred and legally proven by their husbands, as far as the claimant's debt is sufficient.
5. Source	“Recht der Judenweiber, 1730, [Rights of Jewish Women, 1730],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 1, Ansbach, 1840, p. 762-763, available from dlc.mpg.de.
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8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Tax Ordinance, issued by Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Title I, Art. 25. – Concessions for retail stores incur an annual tax of one, or two to three gold-guilders, depending on the type of merchandise. Jewish retailers shall pay an additional two to three gold-guilders annually. However, if they are accorded the status of court Jew, they shall also pay a one-time tax of four to six gold-guilders.
5. Source	Reyscher, August Ludwig (ed.). Vollständige, historisch und kritisch bearbeitete Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Württemberg Laws). Vol. 17. Fues: Tübingen, 1839. Page 425.
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8. Notes	Researcher “Court Jews” were important to absolutist European rulers as (often exclusive) purveyors of goods and money (loans), and as financial managers; in exchange, they enjoyed greater freedoms, comparable to those of Christians. For example, they were usually allowed to travel, move and settle down without restrictions.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 29, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General-Privilege” (“Generalprivileg”) issued by Frederick William I (“Friedrich Wilhelm I”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia/Duchy Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews are strictly prohibited to export raw bovine and horse skin. […]
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Zweiter Teil/Die Zeit Friedrich Wilhelm I; (“The Prussian State and the Jews; Part Two/The Period of Frederick Wilhelm I”); (Tübingen; 1962)9/16/2017
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1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 18, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resolution” issued by the government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews who live in Neu-Stadt (new-city) of Hannover […] shall give the local clergy/church (‘Geistlichkeit’) […] annually 3 Thaler [currency] and a married Jewish home-dweller [shall give] one Thaler […].
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, Capvt Qvintvm, von Kammer- und Amts-Sachen, Dienst-Höffen, Erben- Zinß-Meher- und anderen dergleichen Sachen. Zum Gebrauch der Fürstenthümer, Graf- und Herrschaften Calenbergischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, chapter five, of chamber and official matters, service-courts, inheritance, interests-Meher and other similar matters. For the use of the principalities, counties and lordships of Calenberg); (Göttingen; 1740);
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1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 24, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Declaration of the General-Privilege and Reglement/Regulation for Jews” issued by Frederick William (‘Friderich Wilhelm’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] if a dignified/honorable/good protected-Jews has no sons, but has always paid his protection-, recruiting- and other fees annually, as well as all other contribution required by the Jewry […] he shall be free to add one or two of his daughters to his protection-letter and to [even] allow them to get married; however, the first [daughter] must have at least 1000 Rthlr. [Reichsthaler] and the second [daughter] 2000 Rthlr. in assets or at least the Jews whom they are marrying, which they must prove to the War- & Domain-Chamber beforehand. […] If a Jew with debt dies […] his parents or heirs may burry him, however, they (parents and heirs) shall be required to settle any outstanding debt which the Jew, who died, owed to His Royal Majesty or other Christians […].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
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1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 20, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Judgment of the King's Council of State signed Phelypeaux and Boucher, steward of the generality of Bordeaux, and Dupin des Lezes in the name of King Louis XV.
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	(…) It is allowed for some Jewish merchants, established in Bordeaux, to trade, sell and negotiate for one month each season in all cities, towns and places this parliament and forbids Jews to trade, sell and debit goods in no cities and places of the Kingdom, other than those where they are domiciled.
5. Source	"Inventaire de la Collection Bruyard concernant le Bureau (de la Balance) du Commerce et l'Inspection des Manufactures sous l'Ancien Régime (1571-1831)” by Sandra Bos, Jan Lucassen, Roger de Peuter. (Nederlandsch Economisch-Historisch Archief Archives Néerlandaises D'histoire Économique Inventarisatie Bijzondere Collecties 6 Amsterdam 1996);
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1. Full Date of Act	May 4, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by Charles II, King of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	His Majesty, with regard to the restrictions on Jewish weddings, is letting stand the law made on September 25, 1726, but nevertheless reserves the right, should there be good cause and His Majesty were to be presented with such in a particular case, to grant, after contemplation of the same, a wedding permit, by way of dispensation, to the petitioner and any other Jewish son otherwise unauthorized to marry; at the same time, His Majesty wishes that those Jews who marry abroad shall pay the appropriate export tax on that which they plan to take out [of the country], and also that not any more Jews shall be accepted into Prague than are leaving therefrom on account of getting married.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H). Government Printing Office); (Prague; 1828); Page 71.
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1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 18, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not be permitted to acquire property/realties (‘Immobilia') in any manner, and henceforth, such properties shall not be admitted to be licensed (certified by the state) to such person or his representatives, nor other lands, gardens, or other grasslands (‘Wiesen’) […] nor shall there be made any loans on these [from Jews …].
5. Source	Churfürstliche Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Gesetz und Verordnung Calenbergischen und Grubenhagenschen Theils in einem Auszug nach alphabetischer Ordnung gebracht von Friedrich Christoph Willich, der Rechte Doctor, und Actuarius der Georg-August Universität. Zweiter Band H-O. (State Laws and Ordinances of the Prince-Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg pertaining to Calenberg and Grubenhagen in one draft and in alphabetical order complied by Friedrich Christoph Willich, PhD in Law and Actuarius of Georg-August University. Second Volume. H - O.); (Göttingen/Dessau; 1782));
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1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 18, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Conclusion” (‘Conclusum’) of the Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] the magistrates of the Holy Empire’s Free City of Frankfurt Holy are apprised herewith […] that in order to better handle the beggar-Jews, who sneak through the city gates under the pretext of being trade-Jews and then leave because they do not want to pay the common night-fee which generates a lot of mischief and fraud […] we ask that the Jewish heads-of-communities (‘Juden-Baumeister’) leave their alms at the city gates [… and that] Beggar-Jews who still sneak into the city […] are subjected to 8 to 14 days of trench-digging-work (‘Schanzen-Arbeit’). […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Sechster Theil. (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part six.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1799);
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1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 19, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued the Government
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Nuremberg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 9) The ‘advertised/exhibited’ exchange [rates] at cattle-markets by Jews in the Hebrew language are invalid. […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838)
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1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 28, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order that Jews are not to pay, sort or trade any currency on the stock exchange.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	Both the Council and the honorable citizenry could not help but view with particular displeasure how the Jews, and in fact mostly the worst rabble and boys among them, have been unashamedly and vigorously attempting to exchange, trade, sort and pay with all kinds of currency on the stock exchange and in the houses lying around there, at all times, even during public trading hours,… [We] order the Jews … to completely refrain from all sorting, payment and weighing of money on the stock exchange, or in other public places, on the streets and in front of the houses; with the warning that otherwise the money will be taken from them by the court officials.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1731 bis 1750 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1731 to 1750,]” Volume 3, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, pp. 1135-1137, available from archive.org.
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8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Ordinance, issued by Wilhelmine von Grävenitz, Imperial Countess of Württemberg, for the City of Freudenthal
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	7. On the Sabbath and on feast days, the Jews shall not be disturbed in their peace by any court orders or subpoenas; in exchange, on Christian holidays, they shall follow the tradition of the land and conduct themselves quietly and indoors. 15. For loans between 50 and 100 guilders, our Jews may take 6 percent, between 30 and 50 guilders 12 percent, but under 30 guilders one Württemberg pfenning per week, or what else they are being given voluntarily and outside of such contracts. However, no Christian houses or other real estate shall be used as collateral without authorization and documentation by the court, and any loan of 50 guilders given for half a year or longer must be certified by the court in order to be valid. 23. In exchange for his concession, our Court Jew* shall pay one thousand guilders in cash, which has been done today and is hereby acknowledged.
5. Source	Tänzer, P. Die Rechtsgeschichte der Juden in Württemberg 1806-1828 (Legal History of the Jews in Württemberg.) Kohlhammer: Berlin, 1922. Page 83.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *A court Jew, or court factor (German: Hofjude, Hoffaktor), was a Jewish banker who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European, mainly German, royalty and nobility.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 22, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] The streets are to be freely accessible to Jews, as long as they pursue their obligations and don’t pursue the now prohibited cattle trade […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 25, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent regarding the illegal export of gold and silver” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are free to purchase foreign white or blick-silver* which are of no use to the mint office, however, they are not to deliver (sell) them to manufacturers until they are first stamped into the local coins. […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitvtionvm Marchicarvm. Vierdter Theil. Von Zoll- Jagd- Holz- Forst- Wald- Post- Vorspann- Müntz- Salz- Salpeter- und Bergwercks- auch Domänen Pacht- und anderen Aemter- Damm- und Teich-Sachen, Accis-Wesen, Bier- und Mahl-Ziese oder Scheffelsteuer, Kriegs und Mahl-Metze, auch Mühlen- und Brau-Sachen, Marinen- oder Chargen- und Recrüten-Caffe, Stempel-Papier, gestempelten carten u. In fünff Abtheilungen. Kaiserlich königliche Hofbibliothek. (The constitution of the margraviate. Fourth division. Regarding domains pertaining to tolls/customs, hunting, wood, forest, post, leasing, mint, salt, salpeter, and mining and other offices such as dam and pond matters, as well as milling and brewing, marine, charging and recruiting cafes, stamp-paper, and stamped cards etc. In five divisions. Royal Imperial Court Library.)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Blick-silver is a silver-rich alloy. While most of the text addresses both Christians and Jews, the above paragraph is solely directed at Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 27, 1732
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Updated Jew Ordinance,” issued by Princess Charlotta Amalia, Regent of Nassau-Dillenburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	I. Jews under our protection shall not blaspheme our Savior, Jesus Christ, nor the Virgin Mary […] and not have any books counter to the Christian faith. II. They shall not erect any synagogues or schools, except those we permit. III. They shall not discuss religion with laymen. IV. They shall not insult, persecute or otherwise antagonize Jews who have found the Christian faith, nor try to induce him to apostasy. V. They shall not hinder Christian sermons, nor try to steer our subjects away from their Christian faith, under penalty of severe punishment without mercy. VI. They shall not sell goods in markets where there are [Christian] trade groups, nor charge more than Christians. VII. They shall, in markets, have the last pick, not the first. VIII. They shall not lend usuriously, i.e., take more than six per cent in annual interest. IX. No Jew shall receive any collateral from our subjects, except in the presence of a government inspectors, who can vet the transaction. X. Debts to Jews exceeding 20 florins shall be signed by a magistrate, and written in German. XI. If a Jew has not claimed any debts within two years, the loan contract shall become void. XII. They shall swear, by way of their Jewish oath, not to bribe any of our officials or servants. XIII. They shall not allow Christians to witness a circumcision. XIV. On Sundays and Christian feast days, they shall not bother Christians with worldly business, but stay at home. XV. Any Jew who violates a Christian wife or virgin, or lies with her, shall be put to death, although with our prior knowledge. XVI. They shall not shelter any Jew who has committed theft, whore-mongering, adultery, manslaughter etc., nor punish him secretly amongst themselves, but take him to a Christian magistrate. XVII. Jews shall refrain from buying stolen goods. XVIII. The Jews shall pay their annual protection tax, and no Jew shall be protected, who cannot bring at least 300 florins into our lands, which he must prove. XIX. We prohibit Jews from slaughtering any meat in our butcheries or any Christian houses. Jews may butcher at home, but sell to Christians only animal quarters, no smaller parts. XX. This ordinance does not imply that the Jews may stay any longer than stated in their letters of protection.
5. Source	Leo Baeck Institute, Center for Jewish History, New York NY. AR 379: Decrees Collection, 1614-1846. Box 1, Folder 6.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None