Acts – Page 79 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 22, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] it is not permitted for Jews to purchase homes or to fraudulently loan money on a house to such an extent that no Christian would be in a position to purchase it so that it must be turned over to the Jew as a ‘creditori in perpetuum’ […]
5. Source	Die früheren und gegenwärtigen Verhältnisse der Juden in den sämmtlichen Landesstellen des Preußischen Staats; eine Darstellung und Revision der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen über ihre staats- und privatrechtlichen Zustände. Mit Benutzung der Archive der Ministerien des Innern und der Justiz. Von Ludwig von Rönne, Kammer-Gerichts-Rath und Heinrich Simon, Ober-Landes-Gerichts-Assessor; (Breslau; 1843); (The past and present circumstances of Jews in all parts of the Prussian state; a representation and revision of legal provision regarding their conditions in terms of state and private law. With the use of the archives of the Ministries of the Interior and Justice. By Ludwig von Rönne, Legal Council of the Chamber and Heinrich Simon Upper-State-Court-Assessor) (Wroclaw; 1843)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 29, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on the Rights of Jewish Women
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	In future Jewish women should not be granted the legal benefits otherwise prescribed for the benefit of the female sex in general and in particular when their husbands are burdened with debts, but that Jewish women should be obliged and required, as true co-debtors, to help to pay off and relieve the debts incurred and legally proven by their husbands, as far as the claimant's debt is sufficient.
5. Source	“Recht der Judenweiber, 1730, [Rights of Jewish Women, 1730],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 1, Ansbach, 1840, p. 762-763, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Tax Ordinance, issued by Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Title I, Art. 25. – Concessions for retail stores incur an annual tax of one, or two to three gold-guilders, depending on the type of merchandise. Jewish retailers shall pay an additional two to three gold-guilders annually. However, if they are accorded the status of court Jew, they shall also pay a one-time tax of four to six gold-guilders.
5. Source	Reyscher, August Ludwig (ed.). Vollständige, historisch und kritisch bearbeitete Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze (Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Württemberg Laws). Vol. 17. Fues: Tübingen, 1839. Page 425.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher “Court Jews” were important to absolutist European rulers as (often exclusive) purveyors of goods and money (loans), and as financial managers; in exchange, they enjoyed greater freedoms, comparable to those of Christians. For example, they were usually allowed to travel, move and settle down without restrictions.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 29, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General-Privilege” (“Generalprivileg”) issued by Frederick William I (“Friedrich Wilhelm I”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia/Duchy Brandenburg
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews are strictly prohibited to export raw bovine and horse skin. […]
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Zweiter Teil/Die Zeit Friedrich Wilhelm I; (“The Prussian State and the Jews; Part Two/The Period of Frederick Wilhelm I”); (Tübingen; 1962)9/16/2017
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 18, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resolution” issued by the government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews who live in Neu-Stadt (new-city) of Hannover […] shall give the local clergy/church (‘Geistlichkeit’) […] annually 3 Thaler [currency] and a married Jewish home-dweller [shall give] one Thaler […].
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, Capvt Qvintvm, von Kammer- und Amts-Sachen, Dienst-Höffen, Erben- Zinß-Meher- und anderen dergleichen Sachen. Zum Gebrauch der Fürstenthümer, Graf- und Herrschaften Calenbergischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, chapter five, of chamber and official matters, service-courts, inheritance, interests-Meher and other similar matters. For the use of the principalities, counties and lordships of Calenberg); (Göttingen; 1740);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 24, 1730
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Declaration of the General-Privilege and Reglement/Regulation for Jews” issued by Frederick William (‘Friderich Wilhelm’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] if a dignified/honorable/good protected-Jews has no sons, but has always paid his protection-, recruiting- and other fees annually, as well as all other contribution required by the Jewry […] he shall be free to add one or two of his daughters to his protection-letter and to [even] allow them to get married; however, the first [daughter] must have at least 1000 Rthlr. [Reichsthaler] and the second [daughter] 2000 Rthlr. in assets or at least the Jews whom they are marrying, which they must prove to the War- & Domain-Chamber beforehand. […] If a Jew with debt dies […] his parents or heirs may burry him, however, they (parents and heirs) shall be required to settle any outstanding debt which the Jew, who died, owed to His Royal Majesty or other Christians […].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 20, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Judgment of the King's Council of State signed Phelypeaux and Boucher, steward of the generality of Bordeaux, and Dupin des Lezes in the name of King Louis XV.
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	(…) It is allowed for some Jewish merchants, established in Bordeaux, to trade, sell and negotiate for one month each season in all cities, towns and places this parliament and forbids Jews to trade, sell and debit goods in no cities and places of the Kingdom, other than those where they are domiciled.
5. Source	"Inventaire de la Collection Bruyard concernant le Bureau (de la Balance) du Commerce et l'Inspection des Manufactures sous l'Ancien Régime (1571-1831)” by Sandra Bos, Jan Lucassen, Roger de Peuter. (Nederlandsch Economisch-Historisch Archief Archives Néerlandaises D'histoire Économique Inventarisatie Bijzondere Collecties 6 Amsterdam 1996);
6. Researcher & Translator	Cristina Penland
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 4, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by Charles II, King of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	His Majesty, with regard to the restrictions on Jewish weddings, is letting stand the law made on September 25, 1726, but nevertheless reserves the right, should there be good cause and His Majesty were to be presented with such in a particular case, to grant, after contemplation of the same, a wedding permit, by way of dispensation, to the petitioner and any other Jewish son otherwise unauthorized to marry; at the same time, His Majesty wishes that those Jews who marry abroad shall pay the appropriate export tax on that which they plan to take out [of the country], and also that not any more Jews shall be accepted into Prague than are leaving therefrom on account of getting married.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H). Government Printing Office); (Prague; 1828); Page 71.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 18, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews shall not be permitted to acquire property/realties (‘Immobilia') in any manner, and henceforth, such properties shall not be admitted to be licensed (certified by the state) to such person or his representatives, nor other lands, gardens, or other grasslands (‘Wiesen’) […] nor shall there be made any loans on these [from Jews …].
5. Source	Churfürstliche Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Gesetz und Verordnung Calenbergischen und Grubenhagenschen Theils in einem Auszug nach alphabetischer Ordnung gebracht von Friedrich Christoph Willich, der Rechte Doctor, und Actuarius der Georg-August Universität. Zweiter Band H-O. (State Laws and Ordinances of the Prince-Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg pertaining to Calenberg and Grubenhagen in one draft and in alphabetical order complied by Friedrich Christoph Willich, PhD in Law and Actuarius of Georg-August University. Second Volume. H - O.); (Göttingen/Dessau; 1782));
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 18, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decision/Conclusion” (‘Conclusum’) of the Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] the magistrates of the Holy Empire’s Free City of Frankfurt Holy are apprised herewith […] that in order to better handle the beggar-Jews, who sneak through the city gates under the pretext of being trade-Jews and then leave because they do not want to pay the common night-fee which generates a lot of mischief and fraud […] we ask that the Jewish heads-of-communities (‘Juden-Baumeister’) leave their alms at the city gates [… and that] Beggar-Jews who still sneak into the city […] are subjected to 8 to 14 days of trench-digging-work (‘Schanzen-Arbeit’). […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Sechster Theil. (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part six.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1799);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 19, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued the Government
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Nuremberg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 9) The ‘advertised/exhibited’ exchange [rates] at cattle-markets by Jews in the Hebrew language are invalid. […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 28, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order that Jews are not to pay, sort or trade any currency on the stock exchange.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	Both the Council and the honorable citizenry could not help but view with particular displeasure how the Jews, and in fact mostly the worst rabble and boys among them, have been unashamedly and vigorously attempting to exchange, trade, sort and pay with all kinds of currency on the stock exchange and in the houses lying around there, at all times, even during public trading hours,… [We] order the Jews … to completely refrain from all sorting, payment and weighing of money on the stock exchange, or in other public places, on the streets and in front of the houses; with the warning that otherwise the money will be taken from them by the court officials.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1731 bis 1750 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1731 to 1750,]” Volume 3, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, pp. 1135-1137, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Ordinance, issued by Wilhelmine von Grävenitz, Imperial Countess of Württemberg, for the City of Freudenthal
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	7. On the Sabbath and on feast days, the Jews shall not be disturbed in their peace by any court orders or subpoenas; in exchange, on Christian holidays, they shall follow the tradition of the land and conduct themselves quietly and indoors. 15. For loans between 50 and 100 guilders, our Jews may take 6 percent, between 30 and 50 guilders 12 percent, but under 30 guilders one Württemberg pfenning per week, or what else they are being given voluntarily and outside of such contracts. However, no Christian houses or other real estate shall be used as collateral without authorization and documentation by the court, and any loan of 50 guilders given for half a year or longer must be certified by the court in order to be valid. 23. In exchange for his concession, our Court Jew* shall pay one thousand guilders in cash, which has been done today and is hereby acknowledged.
5. Source	Tänzer, P. Die Rechtsgeschichte der Juden in Württemberg 1806-1828 (Legal History of the Jews in Württemberg.) Kohlhammer: Berlin, 1922. Page 83.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher *A court Jew, or court factor (German: Hofjude, Hoffaktor), was a Jewish banker who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European, mainly German, royalty and nobility.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 22, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” issued by Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] The streets are to be freely accessible to Jews, as long as they pursue their obligations and don’t pursue the now prohibited cattle trade […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 25, 1731
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent regarding the illegal export of gold and silver” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are free to purchase foreign white or blick-silver* which are of no use to the mint office, however, they are not to deliver (sell) them to manufacturers until they are first stamped into the local coins. […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitvtionvm Marchicarvm. Vierdter Theil. Von Zoll- Jagd- Holz- Forst- Wald- Post- Vorspann- Müntz- Salz- Salpeter- und Bergwercks- auch Domänen Pacht- und anderen Aemter- Damm- und Teich-Sachen, Accis-Wesen, Bier- und Mahl-Ziese oder Scheffelsteuer, Kriegs und Mahl-Metze, auch Mühlen- und Brau-Sachen, Marinen- oder Chargen- und Recrüten-Caffe, Stempel-Papier, gestempelten carten u. In fünff Abtheilungen. Kaiserlich königliche Hofbibliothek. (The constitution of the margraviate. Fourth division. Regarding domains pertaining to tolls/customs, hunting, wood, forest, post, leasing, mint, salt, salpeter, and mining and other offices such as dam and pond matters, as well as milling and brewing, marine, charging and recruiting cafes, stamp-paper, and stamped cards etc. In five divisions. Royal Imperial Court Library.)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher *Blick-silver is a silver-rich alloy. While most of the text addresses both Christians and Jews, the above paragraph is solely directed at Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 27, 1732
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Updated Jew Ordinance,” issued by Princess Charlotta Amalia, Regent of Nassau-Dillenburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	I. Jews under our protection shall not blaspheme our Savior, Jesus Christ, nor the Virgin Mary […] and not have any books counter to the Christian faith. II. They shall not erect any synagogues or schools, except those we permit. III. They shall not discuss religion with laymen. IV. They shall not insult, persecute or otherwise antagonize Jews who have found the Christian faith, nor try to induce him to apostasy. V. They shall not hinder Christian sermons, nor try to steer our subjects away from their Christian faith, under penalty of severe punishment without mercy. VI. They shall not sell goods in markets where there are [Christian] trade groups, nor charge more than Christians. VII. They shall, in markets, have the last pick, not the first. VIII. They shall not lend usuriously, i.e., take more than six per cent in annual interest. IX. No Jew shall receive any collateral from our subjects, except in the presence of a government inspectors, who can vet the transaction. X. Debts to Jews exceeding 20 florins shall be signed by a magistrate, and written in German. XI. If a Jew has not claimed any debts within two years, the loan contract shall become void. XII. They shall swear, by way of their Jewish oath, not to bribe any of our officials or servants. XIII. They shall not allow Christians to witness a circumcision. XIV. On Sundays and Christian feast days, they shall not bother Christians with worldly business, but stay at home. XV. Any Jew who violates a Christian wife or virgin, or lies with her, shall be put to death, although with our prior knowledge. XVI. They shall not shelter any Jew who has committed theft, whore-mongering, adultery, manslaughter etc., nor punish him secretly amongst themselves, but take him to a Christian magistrate. XVII. Jews shall refrain from buying stolen goods. XVIII. The Jews shall pay their annual protection tax, and no Jew shall be protected, who cannot bring at least 300 florins into our lands, which he must prove. XIX. We prohibit Jews from slaughtering any meat in our butcheries or any Christian houses. Jews may butcher at home, but sell to Christians only animal quarters, no smaller parts. XX. This ordinance does not imply that the Jews may stay any longer than stated in their letters of protection.
5. Source	Leo Baeck Institute, Center for Jewish History, New York NY. AR 379: Decrees Collection, 1614-1846. Box 1, Folder 6.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 8, 1732
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, passed by the City Council of Augsburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Entry to the City [of Augsburg] shall be prohibited to neighboring Jews as well as foreign Jews, young and old, as well as Jewesses; this prohibition shall extend to the territory surrounding the City, as well, not just the area within the city walls. Any Jews found outside the city gates shall be expelled by the City Guards, and any citizens found to be in communication, negotiation or business with said Jews shall be arrested, on account of their contempt of this decree.
5. Source	“Nachdeme Ein Hoch-Edler und Hoch-weiser Rath zu vewrnehmen gehabt / welcher gestalten sich die benachbarten Juden... [Since a Highly Noble and Highly Wise Council Hath Proclaimed, According to Which the Neighboring Jews…],” 4/8/1732; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 65; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 18, 1732
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4. Text of Act	Local and foreign Jews are prohibited to peddle with goods outside of the regular annual markets.
5. Source	Löb, Abraham: Die Rechtsverhältnisse der Juden in ehemaligen Königreiche und der jetzigen Provinz Hannover. (The legal circumstances of Jews in the former kingdom and now Province of Hannover.); (Frankfurt a. M.; 1908);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 9, 1732
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Trade Patent” issued for Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] 5 and 6) Jews in the countrysides, cities, markets, villages, and patches ('Flecken') are prohibited to peddle outside of the area (‘Ort’) where they live and reside […] with exception of the permitted annual and weekly markets of the specific place […] and shall face confiscation of any entered goods [if found in contempt of this patent]. […]
5. Source	Systematische Darstellung aller über den Hausier-Handel bestehenden kaiserl. Königl. österreichischen Gesetze und Verordnungen verfaßt von Friedrich Selner (Systematic Representation of all Imperial Royal Austrian Laws and Ordinances Regarding Peddling Written/Compiled by Friedrich Selner; (1847);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 4, 1732
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of the Senate/City Council of Dresden
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] all innkeepers where Jews live [are to relay to these that …] Jews are no longer allowed to practice their religious services and […] Sukkot in their homes and that in the future [random] visitations will be conducted and if one finds that Jews are engaged in religious service, they are to not only have the equipment/gadgets they use [for it] taken away but also to be fined [20 Rthl. [Reichsthaler] […]
5. Source	Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil Lehmann, Gesammelte Schriften. (The Polish resident Berend Lehmann, the progenitor of the Israeli religious community in Dresden. From his great-great-great-grandson. (E. Pierson); (Dresden; 1885). Printed in Emil Ehemann, Collected Writings);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 16, 1733
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Regulation that Jews should not trade bills of exchange
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Dettingen-Spielberg
4. Text of Act	It cannot be permitted that Jews trade bills of exchange with citizens and subjects,… if such a case should occur despite this prohibition,… the involved parties shall be subjected to appropriate punishment … namely a fine of 10 florins per hundred.
5. Source	"Verordnung, daß die Juden mit den Unterthanen nicht Wechselbriefe handeln sollen, 1733, [Regulation that Jews should not trade bills of exchange with citizens, 1733],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 513, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 7, 1733
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Circular” issued in the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew may be permitted to get married before the age of 25, and no Jewess before the age of 20 […].
5. Source	Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius kameralisten-Bibliothek, oder vollständiges Verzeichnis derjenigen Bücher, Schriften und Abhandlungen, welche von dem Oeconomie- Polizey- Finaz- und Cameralwesen und verschiedenen anderen damit verbundenen Wissenschaften, auch von der dahin einschlagenden Rechtsgelehrsamkeit handeln. (Nürnberg; 1762); (Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius Trade Library or list of books, writings, and treatises which deal with economic, police, finance, and trade laws and are connected to other sciences, and influence other laws.); (Nuremberg; 1762);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 10, 1733
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Lex Anastasiana, Issued by Anton Carl, Imperial Count of Dettingen.
3. Geography of Act	Dettingen-Wallenstein
4. Text of Act	No Jew should negotiate or purchase a debt from a Christian, nor should any Jew cede a debt claim to a Christian.
5. Source	“Lex Anastasiana, 1733,” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 535-536, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 4, 1733
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General Order” issued in the Electorate of Saxony
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	All Jews, except those privileged (with special permits), who pass/travel through, as well as their wives and servants must pay the regular body-toll.
5. Source	D. Johann Nicolaus Schwarzens, Rechtskonsulentens zu Dresden, Wörterbuch, über die Chursächsischen, auch Ober- und Nieder-Lausitzischen Gesetze, bus zum Jahre 1792. Erster Theil. Von A bis D. (“D. Johann Nicolaus Schwarzen’s legal-counsel to Dresden, Dictionary regarding the laws of the Electorate of Saxony as well as Upper and Lower-Lusatia until the year 1792. First Section.”); (Dresden; 1792);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 9, 1733
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance regarding the stay/presence of Jews and their actions/trade in the land” issued by C. L. v. Hardenberg* on behalf of King George II of Great Britain
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Hannover
4. Text of Act	We, Georg, the other, ('Georg der Andere'), by the grace of King of Great Britain, France and Ireland by the grace of God, protector of the faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Arch-Treasurer and Prince-Elector […] order, since it has occurred to Our great displeasure, that our previously issued ordinances against the number of unprotected […] Jews, who run around in the cities, places, and on the countryside […] to the detriment of Our subjects, and especially our trade and business people, and unashamedly trade outside of the public annual markets and sell all sorts of goods and peddle with them, and that beggar-Jews are not only given shelter by the protected-Jews, but also by Christians, We order with all earnestness, that our ordinances are to be obeyed flawlessly, which is why we repeat the following with all seriousness […]: 1) that according to the current ordinances, no Jew or Jewess is to be permitted to settle down in our cities, districts and other places of the principality and on the countryside, except those who were issued a written concession (‘Concession') and their children […] as long as they (the children) do not get married and live with their parents and only those who are truly in the service and payroll of a protected-Jew or Jewess […] 2) All magistrates, officers and authorities who live in the [district] trusted upon them, are to require the locally living Jews to show them a valid letter of protection of special concession letter after the publication of this edict […] and those whose letters of protection have expired, as well as married Jews and Jewish-widows, are to leave our German lands along with their families within 6 weeks, while unmarried Jews are to leave within 3 weeks after the publication of this order, and no excuse whatsoever is to be accepted for those who stay past this date […]
5. Source	Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum Gebrauch des Fürstenthums Lüneburg, auch angehörige Graf- und Herrschaften Zellischen Theils. (Local/land ordinances and laws of the [Elector]-Principality of Brunswick-Lüneburg, third part, which contains chapter four, pertaining to police-matters. Volume I. Containing the first twelve sections of the same. For the use of the principality of Lüneburg, as well as the Duchies and Lordships associated in the territories of Celle.); (Lüneburg; 1743)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The original ordinance is several pages and contains XIII long paragraphs which have been limited here to fit the allocated space. The ordinance in its entirely can be found in the cited source. *Christian Ludwig von Hardenberg was the geographical licensed commissioner (‘Landschaftlicher Licentcommissiar’) in Hanover.