Acts – Page 81 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 22, 1737
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Resolution adopted by the General Assembly of New York restricting Jewish testimony as witnesses.
3. Geography of Act	Province of New York
4. Text of Act	[It is the opinion of] this House, that none of the Jewish Profession could be admitted in Evidence.
5. Source	Max J. Kohler, “Civil Status of the Jews in Colonial New York,” Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 6, 1897, p. 99, available from jstor.org.
6. Researcher	Jsa lmaggi (DLA Piper)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 23, 1737
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decision of the General Assembly of New York
3. Geography of Act	Province of New York
4. Text of Act	That it not appearing to this House, that Persons of the Jewish Religion have a Right to be admitted to vote for Parliament Men, in Great Britain, it is the Unanimous Opinion of this House, that they ought not to be admitted to vote for Representatives in this Colony.
5. Source	Max J. Kohler, “Civil Status of the Jews in Colonial New York,” Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 6, 1897, p.98, available from jstor.org.
6. Researcher	Jsa lmaggi (DLA Piper)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 23, 1737
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Resolution adopted by the General Assembly of New York restricting the voting rights of Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Province of New York
4. Text of Act	That it not appearing to this House, that Persons of the Jewish Religion have a Right to be admitted to vote for Parliament Men, in Great Britain, it is the Unanimous Opinion of this House, that they ought not to be admitted to vote for Representatives in this Colony.
5. Source	Max J. Kohler, “Civil Status of the Jews in Colonial New York,” Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, No. 6, 1897, p. 98, available from jstor.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 20, 1737
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Copenhagen Chief of Police
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	In consideration of the fact that the rescript of May 24, 1737, on the religious services of the Jews, remains in force and must be followed, you are to see to it that they do not erect any building other than an ordinary citizen's house, which must not have the slightest appearance or reputation of a public building.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 171.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 30, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	The wives of Jews, who live on the countryside, are equally liable for their husband’s debts in case of a bankruptcy, and [they] cannot demand their dowry before all debts (of the husband) are paid off/satisfied. Before copulation, the Rabbi has to issue a document containing the amount of the dowry, and the bride has to swear an oath in front of the authorities that she will be fully liable for the debts of her husband. The same is true for [already] married couples, who came (moved) into the protection of Bamberg. Failure to agree does not free one from the consequences. […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 23, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on Agreements Between Christians and Jews - Usury - Issued by Bishop Johann Anton.
3. Geography of Act	Bishopric of Eichstätt
4. Text of Act	From the experiences venerated by various examples, it is only too well known that the deceitful and profit-seeking Jews always direct their only thoughts and efforts to deceive the simple rural and peasant population, who often, in times of need, accept the harshest conditions, through twisted dealings and the usury … It is precisely this shameful, intolerable practice that has moved Our forefathers, who rest in God, at various times to forcefully control and prevent this evil practice,… we, out of fatherly care and with the most gentle consideration of the pain and well-being of our citizens and subjects, have expressly hereby renewed,… and carefully extended in such a way that the interest rates … over 5 percent are prohibited and stopped in accordance with the Imperial Constitution. All transactions between Our subjects and Jews, no matter how large or small, which were not reported to the office under which the contracting citizen or farmer was based … are to be considered invalid, null, and void.
5. Source	“Bertrage der Juden mit Christen - Zinswucher, 1738, [Agreements between Jews and Christians - Usury, 1738],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 384-386, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 16, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by George II of Great Britain, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. In Our German lands, beggar-Jews shall not only be excluded from staying, but even from mere transit, regardless of the kind of passport they carry, and shall be turned away at the border. 2. Should a mendicant Jew be caught inside the country, he shall be imprisoned at once, any old clothes and rags he might carry be taken from him and burned, and the Jew be kept incarcerated for 14 days and given only bread and water. Repeat offenders shall be marked as criminals with a branding iron, and upon a third offense, a Jew shall be brought from life towards death, by way of the rope. 3. All magistrates and other officials are hereby admonished to enforce Section 2 stringently, lest they incur a penalty of 50 imperial thalers. 4. If a beggar-Jew is found inland, an investigation shall determine which official or officials let the Jew pass, so that the appropriate punishment can be inflicted on said official or officials. 5. If a farmer in the country should see a mendicant Jew, he shall report this at once to the local authorities, under penalty of imprisonment.
5. Source	“Wir Georg der Andere, von Gottes Gnaden König von Groß-Britannien, Franckreich und Irrland, Beschützer des Glaubens, Hertzog zu Braunschw. und Lüneb. etc. … [We, George the Other, by God’s Mercy King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Protector of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg etc. …],” 8/16/1738; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 102; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 9, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) […] absolutely no beggar-Jew of any sex is to be allowed to enter any of the royal lands, but rather they are to be turned away immediately at the border whether they have permits or not […] 2) Should any beggar-Jew be found in the land, they are to be jailed for 14 days and given nothing but water and bread […] any old clothes found on them are to be confiscated and burned […] 5) If a peasant-man (‘Bauers-Mann’) encounters a beggar-Jew on a street in a villages, he is required to report this to the local authorities or receive jail time […]
5. Source	Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und Handwercks-Sachen, Dorff- und Acker- Bauer- Schäffer- Hirten- Gesinde-Ordnungen, und andren das Land-Wesen und Acker-Bau betreffenden Materien, item von Medicinal-Ordnungen, Chirurgis, Apotheckern, Pest-Anstalten, Vieh-Sterben. Scharffrichtern, Abdeckern, Schweinschneidern, Landstreichern, Zigeunern, Juden, Wirths-Häusern, und dergleichen. In Fünff Abtheilungen. (“Regarding the constitution of margraviate. Fifth part. Pertaining to police, marriage, baptism, funeral, mourning, clothing as well as fire-alley and other police ordinances, of city planning/building, manufacturing, commerce, wool, and other craftsmanships, village, farm and famers and shepherds, herdsmen, servant ordinances, and other matters pertaining to land-ownership and farming, as well as medical ordinances, surgery, apothecary, plague-institutions, and dying of cattle. Executioners/slaughterers. skinners, pork-cutters, tramps, gypsies, Jews, Inns/Taverns and the like. In five divisions.”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher This edict contains a number of restriction and has been abbreviated to fit the allocated space. The full text can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance of the City Council of [Bad] Wimpfen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Imperial City of Wimpfen/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] No Jew shall appear in public (on the streets) on Sundays and on holy-days mornings (before noon) except if they are on the way to their school* or [they are to] face punishment.
5. Source	Körner, Th: Die Geschichte der Stadt Wimpfen. (History of the City of Wimpfen); (Heilbronn; 1846);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher The word for school and synagogue was often used interchangeably and could refer to either or both.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 20, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Regulation, issued by Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse, for the City of Hanau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	5. Jews shall remain in their streets during Our high holy days, feast days and Sundays, under penalty of one thaler. 6. Jews may not talk about religion with simple men, under penalty of ten thalers. 8. Jews and Jewesses alike shall wear a yellow ring on the shoulder of their garment. 10. Jews are not allowed to get divorced, except in the case of adultery.
5. Source	Hanauische Juden-Capitulation, De Anno MDCCXXXVIII (Jew-Regulation for Hanau, of the year 1738). Hanau, 1738.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 3, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate against begging Jews (Bettel-Juden) entering the city and the surrounding area.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	There is a justified concern that such vagrants, and in particular the begging Jews, in their old clothes and rags, which they acquire everywhere without distinction and use partly for clothing, partly also for bargaining, could easily bring the contagious evil from one country to another … [They] are hereby expressly warned to avoid this city and the surrounding area altogether from now on, or to expect to be sentenced to a severe prison sentence; and if necessary,… they should be struck with rods and branded at the pillory by mere extrajudicial order.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1731 bis 1750 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1731 to 1750,]” Volume 3, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, pp. 1324-1327, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Frankfurt: Jews are only allowed to conduct business in the “Jewish Street,” i.e. in the ghetto
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	The senate of Frankfurt has decreed by this law that: Traders complained that Jews are selling their products in areas that are provided to Christians. The Christians therefore lack their income and food. They become poor. This is seen as injustice and shall be avoided. Referring to the imperial resolution of June 1, 1728, Jews are from now on forbidden to trade or sell wares in areas that are provided to Christians. Jews are only allowed to conduct business in the 'Jewish Street.' Everyone who acts against this resolution can be punished hard.
5. Source	Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute 12/1/2014
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator Translation paraphrase. Extract from resolution of the Frankfurter Senate, October 16, 1738

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 18, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	V. So that mendicant Jews, with their peddling of used garments, shall not introduce this ruinous epidemic into our lands, they shall not be admitted to our lands, regardless of what kind of pass or permit they may carry. VI. Should, however, a beggar-Jew be caught in our lands, he shall be arrested and imprisoned for fourteen days, after all garments and cloths he carries are burned. Repeat offenders shall be branded as criminals, and for the third offense, the penalty is death by hanging.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Wir Wilhelm, Landgraf zu Hessen, Fürst zu Herßfeld... [We, Wilhelm, by God’s Mercy Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Hersfeld…],” 10/18/1738; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 74; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The preamble to this decree explains that it is issued in response to an unnamed, contagious disease that is spreading through Europe.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 6, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Regarding the merchant-Jews, as well as their women and servants (as long as they are residents of Germany or Holland, since all others shall be turned away at the border), they must carry perfectly good passports and health certificates, without which they will be treated as personae non gratae, just like the beggar-Jews.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Carl, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg etc. … [By God’s Mercy Carl, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg etc. …],” 12/6/1738; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 116; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 18, 1738
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ettenheim Upper District Protocol on Jewish extraordinary taxes
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
4. Text of Act	It is hereby imposed on the Jews that,.. they shall henceforth contribute 4 florins on every 100 for all extraordinary charges. This shall remain the standard for similar charges as long as they maintain six households; however, if their number increases or decreases, adjustments shall be made accordingly.
5. Source	Carl Theodor Weiss, “Geschichte und Rechtliche Stellung der Juden im Fürstbistum Strassburg, besorders in dem jetzt badischen teile, nach akten dargestellt [History and Legal Status of the Jews in the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg, especially in the part that is now Baden, presented according to documents],” P. Hanstein, Bonn, 1894, p.174, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 18, 1739
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General-Rescript concerning the settlement of various national grievances
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	[No Jew can] trade in the country except for the public annual markets;… the country [is] to expel all Jews residing in the places incorporated into the country, and to this end we have already announced to them a six-month deadline for their emigration.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 3, Tübingen, 1843, pp. 235-236, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 18, 1739
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Section 18 of the General Rescript concerning the settlement of various national complaints.
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	The Government is again humbly requested to eliminate the Jews who have been brought into the country over the last few years and who have caused it so much inconvenience and damage up to now,… and not to allow any of them to trade in the country except for the public annual markets; We have therefore graciously resolved and promised the country to deport all Jews residing in the places incorporated into the country, and to this end have already announced to them a deadline of six months for their emigration, since we have also graciously renewed the ban contained in the Princely State Ordinance and various Princely General Rescripts based thereon regarding the contracting of Jews and their trade in the country, and have enjoined the observance of this with all seriousness by both our guardianship officials and all our subjects.
5. Source	A. L. Reyscher (ed.), “Vollständige, Historisch und Kritisch Bearbeitete Sammlung der Württembergischen Gesetze [Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Württemberg Laws],” Volume 14, Tübingen, 1843, pp. 235-236, available online from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 28, 1739
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in the Electorate of Hanover
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not to be permitted to lay out their merchandise or set up public boutiques/stores during the annual markets […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen und Ausschreiben welche für sämmtliche Provinzen des Hannoverschen Staats, jedoch was den Calenbergischen, Lüneburgischen, und Bremen- und Verdenschen Theil betrifft, seit dem Schlusse in denselben vorhandenen Gesetzessammlungen bis zur Zeit der feindlichen Usurpation ergangen sind. Mit Genehmigung des Königl. Cabinets-Ministerii herausgegeben von Ernst Spangenberg, Dr. beider Rechte und köngl. Großbritannisch, hannoverschem Hof- und Canzley-Rathe in der Justiz-Canzley zu Zelle. Zweyter Theil, bis Jahre 1760 bis 1779 enthaltend. (Collection of ordinances and decrees that apply to all provinces of the state of Hannover, however, as far as Calenberg, Lüneburg, Bremen, and Verden are concerned, it contains a collection of laws until the conclusion of the aforementioned [places] by the hostile usurpation. Published by Ernst Spangenberg, PhD. of both laws and royal, Britisch Hanoverian Court and Legal Council in the Justice Office in Zelle, with the permission of the royal Cabinet-Ministers. Second Volume until [from] 1760 until 1779 inclusive.); (Hannover; 1820);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 12, 1739
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Johann Adolf von Metsch* on behalf of Charles VII
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] no craftsman, whose annual worth is less than two thousand Gulden shall enter into a debenture/[debt] with a Jew except in court [… Jews] are not to take/charge more interest than legally permitted […] and citizens are ordered to report [any such violation] according to their oath of citizenship [to the authorities…]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Joh. Conr. Beyerbach. Erster Theil. (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt by Joh. Conr. Beyerbach. First part.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1798);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Johann Adolf von Metsch was the Imperial-Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 1, 1739
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Customs Ordinance, issued by Carl VI, Holy Roman Emperor, for the Duchy of Silesia
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	27. Since Jews always gain large profits from Christian merchants, and it is thus only just to make an appropriate difference between the two; therefore, of all the customs fees and duties that are the same for residents and foreigners, the Jews shall pay one-and-a-half times as much, although they shall be exempted from the additional one-half, if the goods have been imported by another Jew, who therefore already paid twice the regular import tax.
5. Source	Prussia (country) [no author]. Sammlung aller in dem souverainen Herzogthum Schlesien und der demselben incorporirten Grafschaft Glatz in Finanz-, Polizey-Sachen etc. ergangenen und publicirten Ordnungen, Edicte, Mandate, Rescripte etc. (Collection of all ordinances, edicts, mandates rescripts etc. issued and published in the sovereign duchy of Silesia and its incorporated earldom of Glatz, in matters of finance, policing etc.). Korn: Breslau, 1788. Page 455.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Poland, Germany, Czech Republic

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 12, 1739
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Judenordnung (Jewish Regulation) issued by Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.
3. Geography of Act	Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
4. Text of Act	1. In those places where no Jews lived before, no one should be admitted in the future either. … 4. Every Jew seeking protection should have at least 500 Rthl. [Reichsthaler] in their assets. … 5. No Jew should be admitted without [being] issued by the sovereign's letter of protection or a certificate of tolerance issued ad interim by the Rent Chamber. … 6. All Jews over the age of 14 must swear their loyalty to the sovereign. … 7. Every year on the first day of May, every local authority must send a list of all Jewish persons who are under their jurisdiction to the government and Rent Chamber. … 9. Beggars and other suspicious Jews are not to be tolerated at all, but foreign, non-suspected ones are to be tolerated with the prior knowledge of the authorities for a set period of time. Jews who cannot pay customs are considered beggars and are not even to be allowed into the country. … 11. Married Jewish children are not tolerated without letters of protection, and the same applies to their marriages and copulations with Jews. … 12. Protected Jews should not live with Christians or keep Christian servants … 13. Jews should not insult or blaspheme the Christian religion, much less show hostility to those who convert to the Christian religion. … 18. Maleficence and embarrassing matters are not to be brought before a Rabbi and settled before him. Jews are not to settle anything among themselves that is to be judged by the authorities or is pending before the authorities, nor are they to settle or decide it through the Rabbi. … 25. Jews should write and sign all bills of exchange and other commercial documents in German with German letters, and should never use any other name than that contained in the letter of protection. … 26. The Jews are permitted to buy yarn, hides and leather, and also slaughter animals in a certain way. But the brewing of beer for sale is completely forbidden.
5. Source	“Judenordnung aus dem Jahr 1739, erlassen durch Friedrich, König von Schweden und Landgraf zu Hessen-Kassel, [Jewish Ordinance of 1739, issued by Frederick, King of Sweden and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel],” Hüter & Harmes, 1739, p. 1-35, available from digam.net.
6. Researcher	Lara Joy Pabst (DLA Piper UK)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	1740
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Taxation of Jews under Maria Theresa" issued by Empress Maria Theresa
3. Geography of Act	Habsburg Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "In 1744 an annual "tolerance tax" of 20,000 guilders was levied on them. It was gradually increased, until it amounted to an annual sum of 160,000 guilders at the beginning of the 19th century" "Middle Ages to the Ottoman Conquest;" porges.net; "Under Maria Theresa (1740–1780);" wikipedia.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 20, 1740
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript concerning the expulsion of Jews from the country and the prohibition of business dealings with them.
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	In accordance with … [the] resolution of April 18, 1739, it is decreed that all Jews are now to be expelled from the country and that in the future … [there shouldn’t be] any trading or contracting with them.
5. Source	A. L. Reyscher (ed.), “Vollständige, Historisch und Kritisch Bearbeitete Sammlung der Württembergischen Gesetze [Complete, Historically and Critically Edited Collection of Württemberg Laws],” Volume 6, Tübingen, 1835, p. 450, available online from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 22, 1740
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ornament and Garment Ordinance” issued by Bishop Claude de Saint Simon
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	[…] adults and young (Jewish) men are not permitted to wear a wig with curls. Those, however, who return from a journey, are allowed to go through the ghetto wearing the wig with curls, which they used on their trip. However, when they come home they must change it; if they have no other in the house they are given three days to get another.*
5. Source	Rader Marcus, Jacob and Marc Saperstein: The Jews in Christian Europe. (2015)
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	Researcher On trips Jews often dressed like gentiles to avoid being harassed. The ordinance was aimed at the Jewish population and was originally issued in Hebrew.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 4, 1740
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by George II of Great Britain, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. No unprotected Jew in Brunswick or Lüneburg may sell anything at the annual markets, nor door to door. 2. Outside of the annual markets, no Jew may trade in the cities of which he not a resident. 3. A transiting Jew may not stay in any town longer than 24 hours, while refraining from all trade. 4. A Jew who violates this edict shall be subjected to hard imprisonment with only bread and water; for the second offense, he shall be sentenced to hard labor in a quarry.
5. Source	“Ihrer Königl. Majestät von Groß-Britannien, und Churfürstliche Durchl. zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, etc. etc. … [His Royal Highness of Great Britain, and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, etc. etc. …],” 4/4/1740; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 103; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None