Acts – Page 82 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 8, 1740
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree restricting Jewish residence and enforcing taking of protection money.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	Because we have had to admit that, to the greatest detriment of the sovereignty and the country, and also of our Jewish community itself, our protected Jews keep not only their children, but also other foreign Jews with them for a long time and almost always without protection under all kinds of circumstances, and thus also engage in trade and commerce, whereby the number of Jews increases more to the detriment of the country and without the slightest benefit of the sovereignty or the public,… henceforth … 1. From the age of 25, every unmarried son should pay the full amount of the protection [money] every year without fail, until he leaves the country, with written permission from the sovereign and payment of the deduction: [this is] of course, as long as he is single whether his father is still alive or not. But should … 2. A Jewish son can marry with the permission of the sovereign, no matter how old, as can a daughter, in or outside the country, [but] they are not allowed to stay with their parents for longer than 4 or at most 6 weeks [after marriage] under penalty of a heavy fine.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1719 bis 1743 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1719 to 1743],” Part 2, Bevern, 1788, pp. 202-203, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 11, 1740
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government*
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	His Royal Majesty have graciously resolved a) to leave it at the pre-determined number of 40 Jewish-families in the domains of Farther-Pomerania and Cammin, however, as per regulation from September 13, 1735, and November 7, 1737, those Jewish-children, who are covered by their parent’s privilege (‘Privilegia’) and are therefore given concessions/permits […] must be engaged in the same trade, since otherwise, the number of [the permitted] 40 families would be exceeded […].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.) (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland etc. Researcher Signed in Stattin by von Rapin and Dircks.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 22, 1740
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Senate Order on the prevention of Jewish trade on Sundays and public holidays at Hamburger Hill.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	The Lieutenant General and Commandant [is] to order the guard on the Hamburg Hill to ensure that the Jews do not sell any goods there on Sundays and holidays, nor do they go peddling them. … To order Mr. Pauli (as lord of the land on the Hamburg Hill) … not to tolerate the Jews offering goods for sale on the Hamburg Hill on Sundays and public holidays, and if he is not in a position to prevent this on his own, to call the guard for help.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1731 bis 1750 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1731 to 1750,]” Volume 3, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, p. 1367, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 7, 1741
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Beggar and other poor-Jews (‘Bettel- und andere Schnurr-Juden’) are not to be permitted to enter the cities of the Hoch-Stift* and lordships.
5. Source	Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; 1750);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Schnurr-Juden was another term used to refer to poor/beggar-Jews. *A Hochstift was an independent territory within the Holy Roman Empire.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 11, 1741
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Prince-Bishop Clemens
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
4. Text of Act	[…] the lease of immobile goods/real estate (‘liegende Güter’) to Jews shall only happen through/in court. […] Jewish servants are prohibited to do business/trade on their own.
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Zweiter Theil. Die Provinzen: Pommern und Westphalen. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. Second Volume. The provinces: Pomerania and Westphalia.); (Berlin; 1827);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1741
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Prince-Bishop Clemens
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited to trade with grain of all kinds.
5. Source	Schriftenreihe des Evangelischen Forums Westfalen und der Evangelischen Stadtakademie Bochum. Jüdische Vielfalt zwischen Ruhr und Weser. Band 7. Herausgegeben von Manfred Keller und Jens Murken; (Series of written Evangelical forums of Westphalia and the Evangelical City Academy, Bochum. Jewish diversity between the Ruhr [region] and Weser. Volume 7. Published by Manfred Keller and Jens Murken); (Berlin; 2012/2013);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The original document can be found in the State Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia, Department Westphalia Fürstentum Paderborn, Edicts; Volume I.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 1, 1741
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of the Swedish Parliament expelling Jews from the Kingdom
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Sweden
4. Text of Act	It is strictly forbidden that all loose people coming in from abroad, who do not understand and practice any lowly and useful art, handicrafts, or other activities, should not be tolerated in the kingdom from now on, but it is also forbidden that all Jews,… with their ungodliness, divinations, lies and trickery,… should be sent to the border towns, or other places, in the cities and in the country, wherever they can be caught, and should be expelled from the Kingdom as soon as possible.
5. Source	Hugo Valentin, “Urkunder Till Judarnas Historia i Sverige [Records for the History of the Jews in Sweden],” Albert Bonniers, Stockholm, 1924, p. 14, available from runeberg.org.
6. Researcher & Translator	Rodi Adelsson (DLA Piper Sweden)
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Swedish in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Rodi Adelsson.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 24, 1741
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Royal Resolution in response to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber’s…report from August 10 regarding Jewish-elders in Pomerania…on behalf of His Royal Majesty’s most-gracious special order"*
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	1) That it’s cause for concern/disconcerting to permit the oldest son of a Jew, who is to eventually receive his father’s privilege, to engage in trading alongside his father in another house, since Jewish-trade would multiply to the detriment of Christian businessmen. 2) That the other Jewish-children, who are not to be included in their parent’s protection-letters as per the General-Jewish-Privilege (‘General-Juden-Privilegio’), shall remain unwedded until they find an opportunity to get married to an [already] escorted/privileged Jew or attain their own permits. 3) That the application and/for concessions/permits shall be addressed to the royal court whenever a Jew wishes to purchase his own home. 4) The prohibition to peddle on the countryside remains in effect […] 6) Jews must have their cattle […] slaughtered by a Christian butcher […] and if the cut goes wrong, concede all of the meat to the Christian-butchers. […]
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.) (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Signed in Berlin by v. Görne, v. Viereck, v. Happe, v. Boden - all of who were ministers under Frederick William I of Prussia.

1. Full Date of Act	1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by Empress Maria Theresa
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “When in 1742 a heavy tax was imposed upon the Jews of Moravia, the exertions of Eskeles and Baron d'Aguilar secured its annulment by Maria Theresa." A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Custom of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia (January 1906) Volume V. p. 223
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 18, 1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by the City Council of Frankurt/Main
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas the Most Honorable, Most Noble Men of the Holy Roman Empire present on Election Day, the Royal Princes, have indicated to this Council that they have resolved to elect a new Roman King and future Emperor, on the nearest Wednesday, the 24th of January; This Council orders all non-residents to leave this city by sundown on this Tuesday, the 23rd, and that no citizen shall give shelter to such strangers. The protected Jews of this city shall not be found on the street during this time of a royal election, but shall remain quietly in their homes, so that this Council will have no occasion to punish any offenders.
5. Source	“Demnach der Hochwürdigsten Durchlauchtigsten des Heil Röm. Reichs bey gegenwärtigem Wahl-Tag anwesender hoher Herren Churfürsten etc. … [Whereas the Most Honorable, Most Noble Men of the Holy Roman Empire present on Election Day, the Royal Princes etc. …],” 1/18/1742; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 118; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 26, 1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the government of the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	[It is outlined in detail in what way various contracts between Christians and Jews are to be protocoled and that contracts of cattle are to be properly reported and registered with the local authorities …], however, and specifically, all trade between Christians and Jews that involve half a cattle is strictly prohibited, and all existing contracts are to be modified within one year and one day, or be deemed null and void otherwise and not-binding, and not to be tolerated and punishable to both.
5. Source	Blätter für Rechtsanwendung zunächst in Bayern, gegründet von Johann Adam Seyffert und Christian Carl Glück. Neue Folge XVII Band. (Papers regarding the application of law first for Bavaria, compiled by Johann Adam Seyffert und Christian Carl Glück. New edition XVII Volume.); (Erlangen; 1872)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 10, 1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Rescript” (‘königl. Rescriptum’) issued “on behalf of his all-gracious Majesty” and addressed to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber (‘Kriegs- und Domainen-Cammer’)*
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	We [Frederick, King of Prussia …] announce/order you herewith in response to your […] recent report from July 7, regarding the petition of the protected Jew Bernd Philipp of Slawno to [be permitted to] cut [and sell] items made of wool on the annual markets the following: […] because this would go against the privileges of the Christian businessmen and garment-tailors, the Jew* […] is to be content with cutting and selling domestic items made of wool in Slawno (‘Schlawe’) only.
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Signed in Berlin by v. Görne, v. Viereck, v. Happe, v. Boden who were all ministers under Frederick William I of Prussia. This rescript pertains to Bernd Philipp as well as to Jews in general.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 3, 1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Cabinets-Order to the Director General issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Regal ordinance commanding that the law which prohibits Jews to trade from door-to-door is to be implemented. [It is commanded that proper] actions are to be taken against foreign Jews who sneak in[to the country].
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, (The Prussian State and the Jews) Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (1971) Page 5.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 23, 1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway, to the Diocesan Commander of Lolland
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	The elders of the Jewish families in Nakskov shall be instructed to report not only all foreign and impoverished Jews, but also those who are accepted into the service of another Jew, upon arrival and in writing, to the mayor there […] and, when they depart again, to sign their passports, all under penalty of 4 lots of silver, each time this is neglected, to be paid by the elders; since those who house or hide such Jewish foreigners […] must be punished by the law (Section 562, Art. 21), the same as those who shelter outlaws.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 28.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher 1. Lolland is the fourth-largest island of Denmark. 2. A “lot” is an obsolete unit of weight, equivalent to ca. 15 grams, or slightly more than a half-ounce.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 27, 1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Administrative Ordinance, issued by the City Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	3. Especially the Jews shall be kept under close watch, to prevent them from surreptitiously smuggle any cattle, horses, or sheep into areas where there is an outbreak of disease among these animals. 5. At those times [of disease], animal sales are only permitted by persons above suspicion, whereas Jews, in particular, are forbidden to enter any stalls. 17. During such epidemics among horned animals, sheep and swine, nobody shall allow the Jews to slaughter an animal, unless the animal has been offered food, accepted it, and has been inspected by specially trained inspectors.
5. Source	“General-Instruction an alle Schultheisen und Beambte [General Instructions to all city executives and officials],” 11/27/1742; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 22; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 2, 1742
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Ukase*" ("an imperial Russian Decree") of Czarina Elisabeth
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are forbidden to live anywhere in our realm; now it has been made know to us, that these Jews still find themselves in our realm and, under various pretexts, especially in Little Russia, they prolong their stay, which is in no way beneficial, but as we must expect only great injuries to our loyal subjects from such haters of the name of our Savior Jesus Christ, […] we order: all Jews, male and female along with their entire possession, to be sent without delay from our realm, over the border, unless it should be that one of them should confess [to] our Greek-Christian religion. […]
5. Source	Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr: 200 Years Together – Russo-Jewish History.
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Ukase is an imperial Russian decree.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 7, 1743
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Rescript” (‘königl. Rescriptum’) issued “on behalf of His Royal all-gracious Majesty”* and addressed to the Pomeranian War- and Domain-Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Since more than 120 Jews have acquired houses in Neu-Mark in violation of the previously issued regulations, […] His Royal Majesty have all-graciously ordered that henceforth, no Jew is [to be permitted] to purchase a house without the explicit permission of His Majesty - even for the purpose of reselling it […] it must be reported how many houses are already being owned by Jews in the aforementioned city […and] any Christian-buyer who announces interest shall have the opportunity to acquire such homes after paying the purchase-price [and all necessary [state] levies and taxes …] and the Jew is to concede these [homes to the Christian] without delay […].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Signed in Berlin by v. Görne, v. Viereck, v. Happe, v. Boden who were all ministers under *Frederick William I of Prussia.

1. Full Date of Act	May 8, 1743
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rescript to the Chamber of Kurmarkt [Brandenburg]" issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	No new Jewish families are to be allowed to settle in any of the cities, except if their admittance [papers] are signed by the King himself.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 60.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 6, 1743
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Unauthorized trade and presence of Jews outside of the annual market period” decree issued by Maria Theresa to the administration offices of Lower-Austria
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	We, Maria Theresa […] ask the most esteemed Generals to not allow Jews to remain in the country, nor to do any kind of business or trade outside of the annual markets […] and [We] want to see this ordinance followed, so we order you, city, market, village, and main authorities, and district courts and judges and communities to make sure that Jews do not import any merchandise (into the country) except [to sell on] public markets or [they are to] be found responsible […the above mentioned authorities are] to keep an eye out and to stop anyone who enters (the country unlawfully) and to report them to the Lower-Austrian government […].
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 328 ff.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 17, 1744
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Rescript” (‘königl. Rescriptum’) issued “on behalf of His Royal all-gracious Majesty’s special order”* and addressed to the Pomeranian War- and Domain-Chamber
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	As per the royal ordinance issued in 1728, all Jews who live in the royal domains, must send deputies from each province along with 3 Rabbis every 5 years so that they come together and set up a new partition as to how the protection-, recruitment-, Montis pietatis (mountain pity) and calendar-fees are to be distributed [among themselves …].
5. Source	David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega - Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern und Fürstentum Camin, bis zu Ende des 1747sten Jahres, publicirten Edicten, Mandaten und Rescripten, in Justiz-Policey- Militair- Lehn- Forst- Post- Zoll- Accise, Steuer- Manufactur- und Oeconomie-Sachen etc. (Frankfurt an der Oder; 1750); (David Friedrich Quickmannen, judiciary mayor of Trzebiatów - Listing or collection of all edicts, mandates, and rescripts pertaining to matters related to law, police, military, loan, forestry, post, customs, tolls, taxes, manufacturing and economy issued in the royal Prussian Duchy in Pomerania and Principality/Bishopric of Cammin until the end of the year 1747.); (Frankfurt (Oder); 1750)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Signed in Berlin by v. Görne, v. Viereck, v. Happe, v. Boden who were all ministers under *Frederick William I of Prussia. Since the Jewish community was often required to make monetary contributions to the state as a whole, this meant that if single Jews were unable to make contribution of their own, others in their community had to make up for it.

1. Full Date of Act	May 6, 1744
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Declaration” issued for Breslau
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland
4. Text of Act	[…] in the capital of Wroclaw, all useless (non-productive) Jews are to leave the city within two weeks of the publication of this [ordinance], a few well-known and useful families who are essential to the coinage system, however, are to be tolerated […] the latter are to be permitted to trade with a few specific goods […] however, under no circumstances in open/public shops. […]
5. Source	Policey- und Cameral-Magazin in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nah richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen praktisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze und hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden. Fünfter Band welcher J und R enthält herausgegeben von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius; (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1770); (Police and State-Economy Repository/Journal in which principal and most important materials of Police and State Economy have been dealt with [and listed] in alphabetical order and in proper and rational manner and explained through territorial laws and occasionally made real by establishments. Fifth Volume which contains J to R and published by Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius); (Frankfurt am/near Main; 1770);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 6, 1744
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree prohibiting Jewish trade on Sundays and holidays.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	12. For Jews who are engaged in trade and commerce and who otherwise wish to be meticulous in keeping their Sabbath should be strictly forbidden, under penalty of five guilders each time, to run into the houses of Christians on Christian Sundays and holidays, to their shame and contempt, to trade with them, to settle accounts, to demand debts, and to disturb and pressure people on such days of God and the holy church, and to disturb them in their worship. 13. Likewise, Jews should be forbidden, under the above-mentioned penalty of five guilders, to trade in their houses on Sundays and holidays during Catholic worship, to sell goods, to ride loaded horses, or to do other work in their houses that disturbs the common peace, with noise or otherwise, but the Jews should behave themselves quietly and honorably on these days.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1743 bis 1770 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1770 to 1787],” Part 3, Bevern, 1788, p. 29, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 3, 1744
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Decree Addressed to the Director General" issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	In reference to the Director Generals' suggestion that all Jews who reside within the Royal territories are to pay the Royal Majesty, We would like to change the so-called 'suggestion' to a command. Henceforth, wealthy Jews are to pay six and everyone else four Mark of each 12 Taler each year. Plus, the purchasing of silver is to be reserved for the local [Christian] goldsmiths.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 145.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2015
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 17, 1744
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Paradise-Apple* Tax” issued by Maria Theresa
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] although We wish to leave it up to the Jews to purchase paradise apples* where and how they please/wish […] the Jews […] are to submit for this graciously permitted (purchasing) freedom 4,000 fl. [florin/guilder] annually to the royal treasury ('Aerarialcasse') of Vienna. […] this prescribed amount is to be submitted at once, or otherwise/failing to do so, the Jewry will be forced to purchase their paradise apples* according to fixed prices and […] the directives of the government starting January 1, 1745. […] The Jewry of Bohemia is to submit 7/12 of this amount, the Moravian [Jews] 4/12 and the Silesian [Jews] 1/12 of this prescribed amount. […]
5. Source	Müller, Willibald: Urkundliche Beiträge zur Geschichte der mähr. Judenschaft im 17. Und 18. Jahrhundert; (“[Legally] Documented Contributions of the History of the Moravian Jewry in the 17th and 18th Century”); (Olmütz; 1903)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Czech Republic Researcher *This special taxation of Jews was established for the “etrog” – a specific kind of citron – used by Jews during the week-long holiday of Sukkot. A businessman by the name of David Heinrich Lehmann had originally suggested this tax to Charles “Karl” VI in 1739; and although Lehmann’s proposal was initially ignored, it was later picked up by Maria Theresa. The Jewry prepared a comprehensive appeal as to why it was impossible for them to submit such a large amount, which they submitted to the Royal Office in Brünn on April 9, 1745. This appeal received a quick and brief response: “One is unable to reconsider your appeal and this due/quota is to be submitted as soon as possible.”

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1744
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas We have noticed with dismay that many of the Jew-sons in Our lands marry too early […], We hereby order that said sons of Jews are no longer permitted to enter into marriage before having reached the age of twenty-five years, unless they have received Our most merciful dispensation beforehand.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Wir Wilhelm, Landgraf zu Hessen, Fürst zu Herßfeld... [We, Wilhelm, by God’s Mercy Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Hersfeld…],” 9/17/1744; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 75; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None