Acts – Page 84 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1747
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Bishop Philipp Johann Anton von Frankensteil
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] no Jew shall be granted [a] protection [permit] if he is not able to prove to possess 4000 fl Rh [Gulden Reichsthaler] in [the city of] Bamberg and 1000 [Reichsthaler] on the countryside […].
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, von Dr. A. Eckenstein. Districktsrabbiner. (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited by A[dolf] Eckenstein, PhD, District-Rabbi); (Bamberg);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 26, 1747
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Ordinance" issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Even though, His Royal Majesty ... have signed the Admittance [Papers] for the Jew Abraham zu Fürstenwalde and his Son in response to the General Director's suggestion that one time ... ; however, it goes too far, to ask that two children be placed on the Privilege ['Schutbrief' = protection papers] as this would defeat the whole purpose of our attempt to reduce the number of Jewish families [in Our territories]... ; this is why His Royal Majesty orders that from now on, no more than one child is to be placed on the father's 'Privilege' (Schutz- Brief) which is already more than enough.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 195 ff.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 25, 1747
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” issued by King Friedrich Wilhelm I
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] that in the future, 'protected Jews' (Schutzjuden) who go bankrupt and are unable to repay their debts to their creditors are to lose their protection and that their 'letter of protection' (Schutz-Brief) is to be annulled […]
5. Source	Kreutzberger, Mark: Leo Baeck Institute New York Bibliothek und Archiv. Katalog, Vol. 1); (Tübingen; 1970)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 24, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Swedish Parliamentary Resolution on the Restriction of Movement of Jewish Persons
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Sweden
4. Text of Act	That Vagrants in general, as well as Jews,… are hereby strictly forbidden to travel around the country, under whatever pretext, when they do not have proper passports to show; And if such persons, whether native or foreign, are found here in the kingdom and should be discovered, they should be immediately arrested, and taken to prison, and held for common labor, or in the absence thereof, the Commanding Officer must immediately make the criminal undergo caning or flogging.
5. Source	Hugo Valentin, “Urkunder Till Judarnas Historia i Sverige [Records for the History of the Jews in Sweden],” Albert Bonniers, Stockholm, 1924, p. 14-15, available from runeberg.org.
6. Researcher & Translator	Rodi Adelsson (DLA Piper Sweden)
7. Year of Research & Translation	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Swedish in the source above. Translator It was translated into English by Rodi Adelsson.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 27, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Tribunal Decree” issued by the Courts and addressed to the Local Authorities (“Kreishauptleute”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic, Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the [Jewish] eldest (heads of communities) are to be taken by the head and [remain] arrested ('arrestlich aufbewahren') [until they have submitted the required payment. …]
5. Source	Scari, von Hieronymus: Systematische Darstellung der in Betreff der Juden in Mähren und in k. k. Antheile Schlesiens Erlassene Gesetze und Verordnungen; (Brünn; 1835); (“Systematic Representation in Regards to the Jews of Moravia and the Laws and Ordinances Issued in the Imperial and Royal[ly Owned] Parts of Silesia”);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This order was issued after the Jewish community had fallen behind with their payment of the required tax for the import and sale of the “paradise-apple.”

1. Full Date of Act	May 11, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach, for the City of Essen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Henceforth, none of our protected Jews may charge more than six out of a hundred for any advance given by him to one or another of our subjects, regardless whether said advance is large or small, nor whether the debt is based on borrowed meat or other merchandise, and each contravention shall carry a mandatory fine of 10 guilders in gold.
5. Source	Samuel, Salomon. Geschichte der Juden in Stadt und Stift Essen bis zur Säkularisation des Stifts von 1291 - 1802 (History of the Jews in City and Abbey Essen until the Secularization of the Abbey, from 1291 - 1802). Fredebeul & Koenen: Essen, 1905. Page 111.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Taxation [of Jews] based on the usage of wine” decree issued on behalf of Maria Theresa via the Lower-Austrian government addressing the Magistrate of Vienna
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] a special tax isn’t only to be taken from every ball, gathering, […] wedding, if it was used like cash or as a way of payment; though [it is] not [to be charged], if it (the wine) was given in friendship […] but also from all Jews who sell or distribute or give away wine as cash.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 330.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 6, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of Sovereign Margrave Frederick of Bayreuth on contracts between Christians and Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Bayreuth
4. Text of Act	It is already sufficiently known what is stipulated in the first title of Our Land Constitution and its 8th article, concerning transactions between Christians and Jews, such as buying, selling, exchanging, pawning, and other contracts, due to the frequent occurrence of serious and excessive losses, which may arise when the value of such contracts exceeds twenty guilders. These must always be reported to Our officials with the proper procedures, recorded in the protocol; otherwise, they shall be invalid and will have no binding effect on the Christian party. Since We have now, in response to the humble petitions and requests from the entire Jewish community in Our land, and upon the favorable report from Our government, most graciously resolved to raise the amount specified in the aforementioned article of Our Land Constitution from twenty to thirty guilders, but with the provision that in future, any surplus in competitions, which otherwise would benefit the common creditors, shall fall to the fiscus [treasury].
5. Source	“Verträge zwischen Christen und Juden [Contracts between Christians and Jews],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 226-227, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Lara Joy Pabst (DLA Piper UK)
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Researcher The Land Constitution mentioned above is available on OAJA.org under: Sep. 16, 1722 - §8 of Title I of the Landescostitution [Land Constitution] of Bayreuth. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 28, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Rescript to all Governments" issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	In order not to be mistaken as thieves, Jews are not to shave their beards completely.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 206 ff.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 22, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree on the trade in fruits and wine.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	All and every subject of our princely diocese should be forbidden to sell any fruit on the stalk or wine on the vine to a Jew, whether domestic or foreign.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1743 bis 1770 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1770 to 1787],” Part 3, Bevern, 1788, p. 54, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 4, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from trading with fat cattle (‘Fettvieh’). […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	Research 2018 Translation
8. Notes	Researcher This prohibition was issued and revoked several times throughout history in the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. It was initially issued on May 8, 1700, then repeated on October 11 and 31, 1712. The cattle trade was permitted on June 8, 1713; prohibited on September 15, 1771; permitted on October 10, 1771; prohibited on May 19, 1795, and March 15, 1796.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 29, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Rescript, issued by Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	On various occasions, we have learned, begrudgingly, that the 1551 regulation, regarding Jews who make demands for payment against Christians, has mostly been ignored in Our duchy and Our lands. Whereas We wish that the regulation – making it illegal to cede to Jews any payment that is demanded by the Jew from a Christian, be it in or out of court – shall be strictly obeyed, We hereby command all officials and officers of the state to ensure that it is followed punctiliously, by way of confiscating any such payments and transferring them to Our Ducal Accounting Office.
5. Source	Riecke, Christian H. Sammlung der württembergischen Gesetze [Collection of the Laws of Württemberg]. L.F. Fues: Tübingen, 1835. Vol. 6. Page 490.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 10, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Silesian Ordinance” issued by the Silesian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Silesia
4. Text of Act	[…] domestic Jews are not permitted to purchase wool except on annual wool markets […however,] in such a way that factory owners and Christians are to be given preference [and] that Jews are only to be able to purchase that which was not sold and was left over, […] to that end, they are not to be permitted in any way to enter into the markets in the morning, but only in the afternoons – during the summer wool markets after 4 p.m. and during the winter wool markets after 2 p.m. – or face a fine. […] Jews are only to be permitted to sell their purchased wool to factory owners in the land, or they will have their wool confiscated or face a substantial fine. […]
5. Source	Policey- und Cameral-Magazin in welchem nach alphabetischer Ordnung die vornehmsten und wichtigsten bey dem Policey- und Cameralwesen vorkommende Materien nah richtigen und vernünftigen Grundsätzen praktisch abgehandelt und durch landesherrliche Gesetze und hin und wieder wirklich gemachte Einrichtungen erläutert werden. Fünfter Band welcher J und R enthält herausgegeben von Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius; (Frankfurt am Mayn; 1770); (Police and State-Economy Repository/Journal in which principal and most important materials of Police and State Economy have been dealt with [and listed] in alphabetical order and in proper and rational manner and explained through territorial laws and occasionally made real by establishments. Fifth Volume which contains J to R and published by Johann Heinrich Ludwig Bergius); (Frankfurt am/near Main; 1770);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 13, 1748
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by Frederick V, King of Denmark and Norway, to the Magistrate of Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	... 3. Every Jew must reside in the place given in his Letter of Protection, where he has his citizenship, and he shall not be allowed to settle down or live in any other town without a new Letter of Protection.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 29.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Zealand is the largest island in Denmark proper; its most prominent city is Copenhagen, the Danish capital.

1. Full Date of Act	1749
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish [Entry]Toll/Tax” issued by the Royal[ly appointed] Deputation
3. Geography of Act	Moravia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] 5) […Jews are permitted to enter the city after paying the required entrance-fee …], however, hereto, it is strictly prohibited […] for any Jew to dare to enter the city on a Sunday or holy-day. […]”
5. Source	Juden in Mähren - Judengemeinden in Südmähren. Zusammengetragen und verfasst von Gerhard Hanak (“Jews in Moravia - Jewish Communities in Southern Moravia. Compiled and written/drawn up by Gerhard Hanak”); Europas-mitte.de; Accessed online 2/4/2018
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Even if Jews were required by the authorities (subpoenaed) to come to the city, they were not permitted to enter the city until the afternoon on a Sunday or holy-day. This very long document also discusses the terms according to which these toll-taxes are to be leased out for three years – via the “highest permission” (the king himself) to Conrad Leopold Donatius and Simon Hirschl in the amount of 7500 Gulden to be submitted monthly to the Royal Treasury (“k. k. Cameralcasse”) of Brünn.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 8, 1749
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Body-tax/toll” (“CCCLXXXIX") issued by Count A. F. G. von Seinsheim*
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Electorate of Mainz
4. Text of Act	The body-tax/toll against the Jews of Churmayz/Chur-Mainz (‘Churmaynzische Juden’) is to remain intact/valid […] A Jew who enters any of the jurisdiction of the prince-electorate of Würzburg, shall pay 10 [Rhenish guilder] (‘rhein. kr.’) for each 24 hours (that is to say each day) [he’s present] if he’s a grown man […], a youth, however, is to only pay 5 [Rhenish guilder] (‘rhein. kr.’) or if they are simply a servant or maid […].
5. Source	[…] Sammlung theils gedruckter theils ungedruckter Abhandlungen, Dissertationen, Programmen, Gutachten, Gesetze, Urkunden […] welche das Fränkische und besonders hochfürstlich-Wirzburgische Gestliche, Weltliche, Bürgerliche, Peinliche, Leben Polizey und Kameralrecht erläutern […] Des zweyten Abschnittes zwölftes Heft. (Wirzburg; 1789); (Collection of partly printed and partly unprinted treatise, dissertations, programs, appraisals, laws, [official] documents/writs which explain clerical, secular, common, penal, police laws of the Franconian, and especially the highly [regarded] prince-electorate of Würzburg. Second division, 12th booklet.) (Würzburg; 1789);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher Adam Friedrich Graf von Seinsheim was the Prince-Elector of Würzburg, and later Bamberg as well.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 21, 1749
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jew Ordinance,” decreed by Frederick V, King of Sweden and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, for the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	I. No Jew-person shall be tolerated in Our lands, unless they have obtained the appropriate Letter of Protection. II. No Jew shall be admitted to any township where no Jew has lived previously. III. Any new Letter of Protection shall only be issued to a Jew who is the eldest son of a protected Jew already living here, brings at least 500 thalers into the country, is vouched for by at least 4 Head-Jews, and pays the appropriate fee to His Lordship. IV. City Jews may have two male servants, but country Jews only one; there is no limit on female employees. V. Every May 1, all mayors, city councils etc. shall send a Jew-roster to Our chancelleries and Our Chamber of Pensions. VI. Neither Our Christian subjects nor the protected Jews shall give shelter to any beggar-Jews. VII. All protected Jews must pay their protection tax timely; once their payment is four weeks late, the amount owed is automatically doubled. VIII. No Jew under 25 years of age may marry, and no Jewess under 20 years. They must leave the country within four weeks after their wedding, unless they can obtain and produce a Letter of Protection. IX. No Jew under Our protection shall live in a Christian house, nor have any Christian servants. X. Jews shall not demean Our Christian religion, neither in public nor in private, and not build any synagogues without Our permission. XI. Jews are to conduct their religious services quietly and in private. XII. All Jewish persons shall remain quiet and indoors during Sundays, feast, prayer and fasting days.
5. Source	"Neu-eingerichtete Juden-Ordnung [Newly established Jew Ordinance],” 1/21/1749; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 21; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 22, 1749
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate issued due to contagious disease found in the neighbourhood cattle.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	All pill sellers, scissor grinders, kettle menders and rag collectors at the gates and barriers of this city, as well as in the country at the border crossings, are obliged to prove with official certificates that they have neither come from nor through a place where in the last three months there has been the slightest trace of an infectious disease; all wandering rabble, however, as well as begging Jews,… even if they already have health certificates, are to be turned away everywhere, and if necessary driven back by force.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1731 bis 1750 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1731 to 1750,]” Volume 3, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, p. 1697, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 19, 1749
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] in case a Jew in Bohemia allows himself to be baptized, he has — as a Neophyte — the freedom to pursue the craft he has learned as a Jew freely/deliberately without having to join a guild and to even keep/employ trainees/journeymen. […]
5. Source	Politischer Codex, oder wesentliche Darstellung sämmtlicher, die k. K. Staaten betreffenden Gesetze und Anordnungen im politischen Fache. Praktisch bearbeitet von Ingaz de Luca, k. k. Rath und Professor. Dritter Band. (Wien; 1789); (Political codex or essential listing of all relevant laws and ordinances within the r[oyal] i[imperial] states/territories in the political field. Effectively edited by Ignaz de Luca, r[oyal] i[imperial] counsel and professor. Third Volume.); (Vienna; 1789), p. 310;
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher The privilege to pursue a craft was normally limited to Christians and baptized Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews were citizens of the nation but paid an annual tax that was higher than other citizens.” Kogan, Yefim: History of Jews in Bessarabia in the 15th to 19th Centuries; Geography, History, Social Status (2008)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Resolution, issued by the Copenhagen City Council
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Resolved: That those Jews who get married in Copenhagen, are exempted from building or establishing factories, in exchange for a payment of 100 imperial thalers to the police department.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 21.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 17, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General Jew Ordinance,” issued by King Frederick II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whenever a Jew in possession of a [letter of] privilege dies, then according to this most merciful order of ours, the privilege is bestowed unto his oldest child, whose brothers and sisters, however, cannot enjoy any further protection of their trading, similar to children other than the oldest who, during the lifetime of the father, get married and have to leave, and not remain with their father, and at the very least cannot engage in trading. Nevertheless, regarding the second and third children of rich Jews, if they get together 1000 Imperial Thalers, they cannot profit from their father’s privilege after his passing, but they should make themselves know[n] as soon as possible and request a special privilege. […] Foreign Jews shall not be permitted to settle anywhere in our lands; however, if such a Jew should truly have a net worth of 10,000 Imperial Thalers and brought this into the country, while also reliably declaring this, an inquiry should be lodged with us, regarding what part thereof ought to be paid to the crown.
5. Source	von Coccejus, Samuel (Ed.). Novum Corpus Constitutionum Prussico-Brandenburgensium Praecipue Marchicarum, Oder Neue Sammlung Königl. Preußl. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgischer, sonderlich in der Chur- und Marck-Brandenburg, Wie auch andern Provintzien, publicirten und ergangenen Ordnungen, Edicten, Mandaten, Rescripten ... Vom Anfang des Jahrs 1751 und folgenden Zeiten ... Zu Berlin und auswärtigen Orten zu bekommen, bey den Factoren der Königl. Preußischen Academie der Wissenschaften, 1753-1822 (New Collection of Royal Prussian and Electoral-Brandenburgish, particularly Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates and Rescripts published and issued in the Mark Brandenburg, As Well As Other Provinces… From the Beginning of the Year 1751 and Subsequent Times … Available in Berlin and Foreign Townships, at the Factories of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, 1753-1822). Volume 2 (1756-1760). Berlin, 1761. Cols.115ff.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 22, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] starting July 1, 1750, all unwed Jewish boys are to wear – as a distinguishing sign from the Christians – on the right arm where the cuff ends – a yellow piece of cloth that is two fingers in width and an eighth Ell in length […] and the women and girls shall wear a similar piece of yellow cloth sewn to their headbands. […] The Prague elders are to announce this order in the synagogues properly and to monitor that it is followed exactly. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher Married men were not required to wear any distinguishing signs since they were thought to be already easily recognizable by their long beards.

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Cabinet Regulation addressed to the General Directorate
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	1) Reiterates the 'General Privilege' (Generalprivileg) and applies it now to all the provinces (except in Silesia). 2) Orders and reemphasizes that the proliferation of Jews [in the land] is to be prevented. 3) Eliminates the Jewish Commission (Judenkommission) and turns their businesses over to the Magistrates, Judicial Colleagues, and Chambers and the General Directorate (Magistraten, Justizkollegien, Kammern und Generaldirektorium). 4) Tightens the law that requires monthly and annual reports to be sent to the General Directorate about the local Jews, their numbers and their 'conditions/nature.'
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 249.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” signed by Emperor Maria Theresa (‘Maria Theresia’)
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] it is Our highest wish that the Jewry […] in our territories of Vorarlberg remain expelled and eradicated for all times [… and] that all [their] trade and exchange, much less that of peddling […] is prohibited in Our domain of Vorarlberg (‘vorarlbergischen Herrschaft’) […] at the threat of severe punishment. […]
5. Source	Die Geschichte der Juden in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Teil 1 und 2: Die Geschichte in Hohenems und im übrigen Vorarlberg. Von Phil A. Tänzer, Rabbiner. (“The History of Jews in Tyrol and Vorarlberg. Part 1 and 2. The History in Hohenems and Other Parts of Vorarlberg. By Phil A. Tänzer; Rabbi.”) (Meran; 1905)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher As compensation for expelling Jews from those territories, Maria Theresa orders the towns of Rankweil und Sulz to pay a total of 600 Gulden for the years 1747, 1748, and 1749 to mitigate any loss of revenue normally submitted by Jews (‘Schutzgelder’); the cities refused and suggested that the 600 Gulden should come from the Jews, which was turned down. Realizing their mistake soon thereafter, the people of Sulz set up a new contracts with Jews allowing them to do business in Sulz again for an annual ‘contribution’ of 500 Gulden.