Acts – Page 84 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 19, 1749
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] in case a Jew in Bohemia allows himself to be baptized, he has — as a Neophyte — the freedom to pursue the craft he has learned as a Jew freely/deliberately without having to join a guild and to even keep/employ trainees/journeymen. […]
5. Source	Politischer Codex, oder wesentliche Darstellung sämmtlicher, die k. K. Staaten betreffenden Gesetze und Anordnungen im politischen Fache. Praktisch bearbeitet von Ingaz de Luca, k. k. Rath und Professor. Dritter Band. (Wien; 1789); (Political codex or essential listing of all relevant laws and ordinances within the r[oyal] i[imperial] states/territories in the political field. Effectively edited by Ignaz de Luca, r[oyal] i[imperial] counsel and professor. Third Volume.); (Vienna; 1789), p. 310;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The privilege to pursue a craft was normally limited to Christians and baptized Jews.

1. Full Date of Act	1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Moldavia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews were citizens of the nation but paid an annual tax that was higher than other citizens.” Kogan, Yefim: History of Jews in Bessarabia in the 15th to 19th Centuries; Geography, History, Social Status (2008)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Resolution, issued by the Copenhagen City Council
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Resolved: That those Jews who get married in Copenhagen, are exempted from building or establishing factories, in exchange for a payment of 100 imperial thalers to the police department.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 21.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 17, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General Jew Ordinance,” issued by King Frederick II
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whenever a Jew in possession of a [letter of] privilege dies, then according to this most merciful order of ours, the privilege is bestowed unto his oldest child, whose brothers and sisters, however, cannot enjoy any further protection of their trading, similar to children other than the oldest who, during the lifetime of the father, get married and have to leave, and not remain with their father, and at the very least cannot engage in trading. Nevertheless, regarding the second and third children of rich Jews, if they get together 1000 Imperial Thalers, they cannot profit from their father’s privilege after his passing, but they should make themselves know[n] as soon as possible and request a special privilege. […] Foreign Jews shall not be permitted to settle anywhere in our lands; however, if such a Jew should truly have a net worth of 10,000 Imperial Thalers and brought this into the country, while also reliably declaring this, an inquiry should be lodged with us, regarding what part thereof ought to be paid to the crown.
5. Source	von Coccejus, Samuel (Ed.). Novum Corpus Constitutionum Prussico-Brandenburgensium Praecipue Marchicarum, Oder Neue Sammlung Königl. Preußl. und Churfürstl. Brandenburgischer, sonderlich in der Chur- und Marck-Brandenburg, Wie auch andern Provintzien, publicirten und ergangenen Ordnungen, Edicten, Mandaten, Rescripten ... Vom Anfang des Jahrs 1751 und folgenden Zeiten ... Zu Berlin und auswärtigen Orten zu bekommen, bey den Factoren der Königl. Preußischen Academie der Wissenschaften, 1753-1822 (New Collection of Royal Prussian and Electoral-Brandenburgish, particularly Ordinances, Edicts, Mandates and Rescripts published and issued in the Mark Brandenburg, As Well As Other Provinces… From the Beginning of the Year 1751 and Subsequent Times … Available in Berlin and Foreign Townships, at the Factories of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, 1753-1822). Volume 2 (1756-1760). Berlin, 1761. Cols.115ff.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 22, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] starting July 1, 1750, all unwed Jewish boys are to wear – as a distinguishing sign from the Christians – on the right arm where the cuff ends – a yellow piece of cloth that is two fingers in width and an eighth Ell in length […] and the women and girls shall wear a similar piece of yellow cloth sewn to their headbands. […] The Prague elders are to announce this order in the synagogues properly and to monitor that it is followed exactly. […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929);
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Married men were not required to wear any distinguishing signs since they were thought to be already easily recognizable by their long beards.

1. Full Date of Act	May 25, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Cabinet Regulation addressed to the General Directorate
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	1) Reiterates the 'General Privilege' (Generalprivileg) and applies it now to all the provinces (except in Silesia). 2) Orders and reemphasizes that the proliferation of Jews [in the land] is to be prevented. 3) Eliminates the Jewish Commission (Judenkommission) and turns their businesses over to the Magistrates, Judicial Colleagues, and Chambers and the General Directorate (Magistraten, Justizkollegien, Kammern und Generaldirektorium). 4) Tightens the law that requires monthly and annual reports to be sent to the General Directorate about the local Jews, their numbers and their 'conditions/nature.'
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 249.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” signed by Emperor Maria Theresa (‘Maria Theresia’)
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] it is Our highest wish that the Jewry […] in our territories of Vorarlberg remain expelled and eradicated for all times [… and] that all [their] trade and exchange, much less that of peddling […] is prohibited in Our domain of Vorarlberg (‘vorarlbergischen Herrschaft’) […] at the threat of severe punishment. […]
5. Source	Die Geschichte der Juden in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Teil 1 und 2: Die Geschichte in Hohenems und im übrigen Vorarlberg. Von Phil A. Tänzer, Rabbiner. (“The History of Jews in Tyrol and Vorarlberg. Part 1 and 2. The History in Hohenems and Other Parts of Vorarlberg. By Phil A. Tänzer; Rabbi.”) (Meran; 1905)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher As compensation for expelling Jews from those territories, Maria Theresa orders the towns of Rankweil und Sulz to pay a total of 600 Gulden for the years 1747, 1748, and 1749 to mitigate any loss of revenue normally submitted by Jews (‘Schutzgelder’); the cities refused and suggested that the 600 Gulden should come from the Jews, which was turned down. Realizing their mistake soon thereafter, the people of Sulz set up a new contracts with Jews allowing them to do business in Sulz again for an annual ‘contribution’ of 500 Gulden.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 1, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the Hochstift* of Würzburg
3. Geography of Act	Bishopric of Würzburg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Jews must sell the realties which they’ve acquired for the purpose of reselling them, within one year and one day.
5. Source	Aschaffenburger Zeitung. Amtliches Organ der NSDAP und der Staats und Gemeindebehörden. (Newspaper of Aschaffenburg. Official organ of the NSDAP and the state and municipal authorities.)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *A Hochstift was an independent territory within the Holy Roman Empire. (‘Juden müssen die zum Wiederverkaufe an sich gebrachten Immobilien in einem Jahr und Tag wieder verkaufen) The term "an sich bringen" has a negative connotation in German. This quote of the original order was found in the Aschaffenburger Newspaper of Tuesday 11 December 1849 in the State Archives of Bavaria.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 2, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued Prince-Bishop Clemens
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
4. Text of Act	[…] Christians can retract/seize/take back any immovable goods that have been pledged to Jews or are owned [by Jews].
5. Source	Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Zweiter Theil. Die Provinzen: Pommern und Westphalen. (The provincial and legal statutes of the Prussian monarchie. Presented by the true secret council von Kamptz. Second Volume. The provinces: Pomerania and Westphalia.); (Berlin; 1827);
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 18, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance regarding trading door-to-door, especially with silk items” issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Since it has come to Our attention that Jews are publically trading door-to-door with silk and other items in Berlin – hence, disregarding edicts that were officially published; they are therefore, not only harming the silk fabric owners greatly with their actions, but also the Christian merchants, because the Jews have somehow managed to take over the entire silk trade. That is why we command that the General Director joins efforts with the Finance Advisor [Faesch] and the Police Director [Kircheisen] to ensure that an end is set to the harmful door-to-door trading of the Jews in Berlin once and for all. Jews are also to be obliged to 'prefer' silk that was made in a Berlin factory over those made out of the country, or to sell the first (silk made in Prussia) along with the latter when trading outside of the country.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 254 ff.
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 20, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Frederick Augustus, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, Duke of Lithuania
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] The Bohemian, Praguer, and Moravian Jews, who wish to frequent the fairs in Leipzig, must stay on the proper country- and army-roads […]. The Bohemian, Moravian, and Hungarian Jews, who wish to visit the fairs in Leipzig in order to merely make purchases, can take any path they choose to get there […] however, they [all] must properly submit the necessary body-tax (‘Leibzoll’) and other common levies […]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht getreten. Lejpzeig, Verlegtes Johann Samuel Heinsius. (Lejpzig; 1772); (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, and those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - and constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes which have appeared, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony. Published in Leipzig by Johnn Samuel Heinsius); (Leipzig; 1772)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 24, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order of the Senate against Jewish excesses in daily life.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	[To] the elders of the High German and Portuguese Jewish communities, the Senate has heard with displeasure that for some time several of their [Jewish] communities have had no qualms about showing off in an inappropriate way in clothing, renting gardens, pleasure trips etc., instead of [living] a quiet and withdrawn way of life, and thereby giving rise to various judgments. … The Council hereby orders them [the Jewish elders] to warn their congregations against all such excesses and to urge them to maintain order, quietness and generally to lead a decent life, otherwise all the bad consequences that could easily arise from this would be their responsibility and the Senate would be prompted to put a stop to such excesses by more serious means.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1731 bis 1750 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1731 to 1750,]” Volume 3, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, p. 1746, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 11, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg
4. Text of Act	Jews are permitted to learn a craft and pursue this work and employ trainees/journeymen - except Christians […] Exempt are the craft of gunsmiths (‘Büchsenmacherey’), sword-makers/blacksmith (‘Schwertfeger’), and maker or plate armor (‘Plättnerey’)* and other military [related] crafts. […].
5. Source	Politischer Codex, oder wesentliche Darstellung sämmtlicher, die k. k. Staaten betreffenden Gesetze und Anordnungen im politischen Fache. Praktisch bearbeitet von Ingaz de Luca, k. k. Rath und Professor. Dritter Band. (Wien; 1789); (Political codex or essential listing of all relevant laws and ordinances within the r[oyal] i[imperial] states/territories in the political field. Effectively edited by Ignaz de Luca, r[oyal] i[imperial] counsel and professor. Third Volume.); (Vienna; 1789);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Plättner/Plattner were blacksmiths in the Middle Ages who were specialized in making body armor.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 2, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance Issued by the Royal Prussian Police Director of the Kingdom of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Newly issued prohibition against Jews who trade door-to-door with silk, wool and other items. Specifically certified orders are permitted.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 259.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 26, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Senate Protocol of Hamburg regarding the carrying of water for the Jews residing on Möncke-Damm.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	The Jews living on the Möncke-Damm … shall not have water carried across the street on Sundays at all, nor on Tuesdays and Thursdays during the time of the church service for the Michaelite congregation in the St. Mary Magdalene Church, in order to prevent any obstruction of passage.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1731 bis 1750 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1731 to 1750,]” Volume 3, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, p. 1751, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 3, 1750
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict, issued by Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas Jews have been known to conduct a secret cattle trade in Our lands, to keep out horned cattle disease, which becomes epidemic every now and then, all officers and magistrates are hereby ordered to turn back any foreign Jews who arrive on foot, regardless of their papers, and deny them entry, for the duration of any such outbreak.
5. Source	“Von Gottes Gnaden Carl, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg etc. … [By God’s Mercy Carl, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg etc. …],” 12/3/1750; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 90; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Probe te Meminisse” issued by Benedict XIV
3. Geography of Act	Present day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Benedict XIV wrote…in 1751…Probe te meminisse setting down rules for baptizing Jewish children.” Michael C. Thomsett: “The Inquisition: A History.” (2010) Online book; p. 120. 2) “Benedict XIV Probe te meminisse Dec. 15, 1751 Baptism of Jewish children.” “List of Papal Bulls on Jewish Question.” Online article
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 13, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Restriction on Immigration of Jews” issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews are no longer permitted to be issued a [Jewish] ‘Privilege’ [=citzenship; Juden Privilegien], except if they are intending to set up a factory [in the country]; otherwise, the number of Jewish families are to always remain the same.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 261.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This basically mean that no new Jews were allowed to settle in the land, except those who had received a Jewish Privilege and/or wealthy.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 5, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Diocesan Commander of Lolland
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	As far as the Jews in Nakskov are allowed under the trade privilege of May 5, 1749, to enter into business, the said privilege shall remain in force; however, the number of Jews in Nakskov should be reduced to four, as they eventually pass away through death, such that no one should enjoy the privilege of settling down there, as long as there are still four of those privileged Jews.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 102.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 20, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” (“Hofdekret”) issued by the Bohemian Government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews may not gather in private homes where the permission to exhibit the Torah has been denied […] they may also not teach in those. […]
5. Source	Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; (Brünn, 1844); (Dr. Joh. Lutsche’s Weiland Imper[ial], Moravia[n], Silesia[n] Council of Appellations, Special Rights of Persons of Moravia and Silesia, especially in political terms. Vol. II); (Brünn; 1844)
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 15, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance according to which Good Friday is to be celebrated annually in the city and its districts.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	10. No Jew shall dare to offer anything for sale on this day, or otherwise engage in public trade, or go out for fun, or smoke tobacco pipes in front of the door, under penalty of a fine of 50 thalers or imprisonment; instead, each of them shall stay quietly at home: and if one of them has something necessary to do, it shall not be done before 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1751 bis 1762 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1751 to 1762,]” Volume 4, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1764, pp. 1791-1795, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	Researcher According to the source above, on March 3, 1752, in a follow-up order, "Jews were granted permission to visit their schools on Good Friday without hindrance, but that the going back and forth should not take place in large numbers, and that the prohibition of going for a good time, haggling, and the other ordered, quiet and orderly behavior should remain." Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 28, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law on Contracts Between Christians and Jews.
3. Geography of Act	Bailiwick of Franconia
4. Text of Act	No Jew should enter into any bond or obligation with a Christian before anyone other than the ordinary authorities … all domestic and foreign protected Jews, if they are intending to conclude a contract with subjects belonging to my noble high order and the Bailiwick of Franconia … must report such transactions, whether the sum is small or large … to the office appointed for each subject. … the Jews who thus contravene the highest imperial privileges granted to my knightly high order should be punished.
5. Source	“Verträge zwischen Christen und Juden betr. 1751, [Contracts between Christians and Jews concerning 1751],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 703-706, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 7, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript addressed to the Chamber of Kurmarkt” issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Those (Jews) who have been allowed to settle [in the land] by a Duke, Baron or another noble authority but have not been otherwise legitimized, are not 'protected,' (have citizenships); because the permissions to grant [permission to settle] is a sovereign privilege which neither the nobility nor the lower authorities are to presume to have, and therefore no Jews are to be tolerated anywhere. Henceforth - such Jews - were they to remain in the country, have to apply for a 'Concession,' if they have not done so already; and they have to move to a city. Since the first settled children cannot be technically considered as settled so long the father is still alive; the second child cannot do anything as long as the father is still alive either, since otherwise, the first settled children would be in a disadvantage compared the second ones.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 266.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 14, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal encyclical “A Quo Primum” issued by Pope Benedict XIV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	In regard to the matter of the Jews We must express our concern…The Jews have so replaced the Christians that some parishes are about to lose their ministers because their revenue has dwindled so drastically…Therefore the tyrannical orders of the Jews have to be carried out…It is now even commonplace for Christians and Jews to intermingle anywhere…by means of their particular practice of commerce, they amass a great store of money and then by an exorbitant rate of interest utterly destroy the wealth and inheritance of Christians…But if it is asked what matters the Apostolic See forbids to Jews living in the same cities as Christians, We will say that all those activities which are now allowed in Poland are forbidden; these We recounted above…You will recall the statutes and prescripts of the synods of your predecessors; they always entered in their constitutions every measure concerning the Jews which was sanctioned and ordained by the Roman Pontiffs…The essence of the difficulty, however, is that either the sanctions of the synods are forgotten or they are not put into effect. To you then, Venerable Brothers, passes the task of renewing those sanctions…You will be able to give these orders and commands easily and confidently, in that neither your property nor your privileges are hired to Jews; furthermore you do no business with them and you neither lend them money nor borrow from them. Thus, you will be free from and unaffected by all dealings with them…At the same time We promise you that when the situation arises, We will cooperate energetically and effectively with those whose combined authority and power are appropriate to remove this stain of shame from Poland.
5. Source	“On Jews and Christians Living in the Same Place A Quo Primum Encyclical of Pope Benedict XIV promulgated on June 14, 1751.” No author; Accessed online.
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 25, 1751
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Rescript” issued by Frederick V [of Denmark]
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany etc; Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick V, have learned from your report [that Jews are abusing loans made against pledges and are engaging in irresponsible usury which harms no less the craftsmen and day-laborer in Altona* and forces them into poverty …] which is why we have decided in all seriousness and order you graciously herewith that you are to inform all Jews with a public patent and at the threat of loss of the money lend against pledges […] that they are not to accept (and make loans against) any pledges in the future that are not written on permits made of stamp-paper, and where the loan-amount is not exactly specified with numbers and letters (exactly) […] and to refrain from charging any interests. […]
5. Source	Chronologische Sammlung der in den Jahren 1748 bis 1751 ergangenen königlichen und Verfügungen für die Herzogthümer Schleswig und Holstein, die Herrschaft Pinneberg, Grafschaft Ranzau und Stadt Altona. (“Chronological collection of royal orders issued in the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, the Lordship of Pinneberg, County of Ranzau and the city of Altona.”); (Kiel; 1826);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *Altona is an old district in the city of Hamburg, Germany.