Acts – Page 89 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 19, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General-Rescript concerning the cattle trade
3. Geography of Act	Duchy of Württemberg
4. Text of Act	All livestock trading is prohibited for Jews, both at and outside of annual markets.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Württembergischen Regierungs-Gesetze, [Collection of Württemberg Government Laws],” Part 3, Tübingen, 1843, pp. 797-798, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor According to the source above, this prohibition was lifted with regard to annual markets on May 15, 1765. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 8, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Judenordung (Jewish Regulation) on property rights
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Schwarzenberg
4. Text of Act	Jews are not permitted to purchase houses and adjacent properties in any manner, whether for themselves or for others,… Jews who have previously acquired property with Our government’s special permission shall not be allowed to bequeath such property to their children in their last wills or, during their lifetimes, in marriage contracts or shares of one-half, one-third, or one-quarter as part of the marriage property. Our officials are duty-bound to closely monitor this matter without any leniency and to report anyone who acts contrary to this regulation to Our government for appropriate punishment.
5. Source	“Judenordnung, 1764, [Jewish Regulation, 1764],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 624-635, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	May 5, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Resolution (Patent) issued by August Duke of Auersperg
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from purchasing a house in the city of Vienna or in any of its suburbs or on the country side […] or any other realty – no matter whether its done under their own name or that of a Christian.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 554.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 9, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] If a Jew arrives in a city […] the host/innkeeper – with whom the Jew stays – is to inform the [legal] courts (‘Gerichte’) immediately or face a fine of 5 Rthlr. [Reichstahler] and to stop such (Jew) and require that he show the proper papers (‘sich gebührend zu legitimiren’). If he possesses a letter of protection or concession from His Majesty and has a passport […] that is not expired […] the Jew or the servant of a protected Jew may stay […] as long as his business requires it […]. If it’s a foreign Jew who is merely passing through and can show such proper attestations, he may be granted a 24 hour stay […] However, if he requires a longer stay for whatever reasons, (during which he must, however refrain, from all trade) he may be issued an extension […] which must be from the courts in writing […] and the host/innkeeper may not keep such (Jew) longer than indicated in his passport or […] pay a fine of 5 Rthlr. [Reichsthaler] for each day he’s late. Such a Jew who remains here longer than 24 hours, shall pay for each 24 hour [period] 24 ßl. [Schilling] to the fiscum iudicii in all cities, Altstrelitz, and Fürstenberg. If the Jew does not have a passport but other adequate papers (attestations) of the places he’s been staying and where he’s headed […] he is to be immediately shown to the nearest border crossing […] and to be expelled from the city, except if it’s too late in the day; in that case, he’s to be given a place to stay over night and to be expelled early next morning. Should such a Jew be found here irrespectively, he’s to be beaten as a punishment (‘am Leibe zu bestrafen’).
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The required amount was modified via the Rescript of Altstreliz on July 11, 1764. This ordinance was confirmed and [re-]issued via a similar ordinance on April 2, 1772.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 1, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Gubernium* Decree” (‘Gubernialdekret’) issued by the Gubernium* and addressed to all local authorities (‘Kreisämter’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg; Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Jews are to stay away from all mining towns and avoid all trade in these [towns] in order to obviate the penalty contained in the Mandate of 1568. […]
5. Source	Chronologisch-Systematische Sammlung der Berggesetze der österreichischen Monarchie. Bearbeitet von Franz Anton Schmidt, Doctor der sämmtlichen Rechte, wirkendem Mitglied des vaterländischen Museums, und wirklichem Mitglied der k. k. ökonomisch-patriotischen Gesellschaft im Königreiche Böhmen. (Wien; 1833) (Chronological-systematic collection of Mountain-Laws of the Austrian Monarchy. Edited by Franz Anton Schmidt, PhD in all laws, acting member of the patriotic Museum and a real member of the r[oyal] i[mperial] Economic-Patriotic Society in the Kingdom of Bohemia.); (Vienna; 1833)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This writ was signed in Prague. *A Gubernium was the political administration of a provincial district in and around Austria, Germany, and what was once known as Bohemia etc.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 24, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Royal Decree
3. Geography of Act	Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel; Magdeburg; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] whether the poor Jews and Christians should be exempt from the debt tax, […] [We have decided] that this (the law) should be changed henceforth; [and that] only Jews, without exception, are to pay a debt tax and those who are not able to make the payment, the community shall be liable for them […].
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 384.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 17, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“[Regarding] Beggar-Jews and other riff-raff” issued by the Government of Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) That no foreign Jew shall be admitted to the free annual markets […] who is not under protection in any of the neighboring lands or cities […] or one who truly is in the service of a protected Jew and can provide a valid proof/permit from the local authorities under whose jurisdiction he lies. […] 2) Jews who arrive at the annual markets must show [proof] of their permit upon arrival […] 3) Jews who do not have such permits are to be stopped/held/arrested […] 4) Inn/tavern-keepers (‘Wirth’) may not provide foreign Jews without a permit shelter/housing […] or be jailed for 8 days […] 5) Locals are much less to shelter/house an unknown foreign Jew […and those who do] shall be punished even harder; either with a fine or corporal punishment. […] 7) No foreign Jew […] coming into our land shall be issued a passport by anyone no matter who they may be […]
5. Source	Des Königreichs Hannover Landes-Gesetz und Verordnungen, insbesondere der Fürstenthümer Calenberg, Göttingen und Grubenhagen. In einem Auszug nach alphabetischer Ordnung gebracht von Friedrich Christoph Willich, Doctor der Rechte und königliche Großbritannisch Honnoverschen Rath. Erster Band. A - G. Zweyte Auflage. (“State Laws and Ordinäres of the Kingdom of Hannover, especially the principalities of Calenberg, Göttingen and Grubenberg. As abstracts in alphabetical order prepared by Friedrich Christoph Willich, JD, and Royal Britisch Council of Hannover. First Volume, A - G. Second issue.”); (Göttingen; 1825);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 12, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Kabinetsorder issed by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jews are prohibited from engaging in any 'cow leasing' (Kuhpachtung) or any other type of agricultural business.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 404.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 21, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” of Prince Francis Xavier (‘Franz Xavier’) of Saxony
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] Dear faithfuls. Since We have been notified that various Jews are found to be present in Leipzig outside of the [regular] fairs/markets (‘Messzeit’) without a concession. This is why we desire herewith that you should see to it that this is quickly put an end to in accordance with the measures taken to reduce their numbers in the [previously issued] mandate of August 16, 1746, §VIII. […] and the Jewish Ordinance of Leipzig of October 2, 1682 […]
5. Source	Der Fortsetzung des Codicis Augustei. Zweyte Abtheilung. (Continuation of the codex of Augustus. Second Part.);
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 31, 1764
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by General Governor of Vidzeme George Browne
3. Geography of Act	Estonia
4. Text of Act	As it has become known that various Jews are present here in the rural areas, and they are hired by some local manors as alcohol-destillers, tobacco-spinners and in all kinds of other handwork, although no permission or order is received for the reception and the hiring of this people. Therefore all and each Sirs owners, leaseholders and civil servants are charged by the higher authorities to admit or to take care of no Jews in the manors; at the contrary, everyone, that should already be present or would be wishing to arrive, must be deported across the border as soon as possible in order to avoid losses and responsibility.
5. Source	“No Jews tolerated in Livland 1764.” Bruno Martuzans. 2002, Online article.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege” (‘Privilegium’) of King Stanislaw Augustus, year 1765
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Jews are prohibited to purchase leather in the streets of the city [of Schwerin].”
5. Source	Mitteilungen des Gesamtarchivs der Deutschen Juden. Herausgegeben von Eugen Täubler. Vierter Jahrgang. (“Communications of the Complete Archive of German Jew. Edited by Eugen Täubler. Forth Edition.”); (Leipzig; 1914);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original Latin text.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 15, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by the City Council/Senate of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[… Jews] shall not […] go for a stroll/walk (‘spazieren’) in the city without having actual business (to attend to) […] furthermore, they are not to walk (around) in groups larger than two, and not to enter the glacis at all, unless they have personal business there or have been subpoenaed […] They are to completely refrain from going for walks in the avenues (‘Alleen’) […].
5. Source	Versuch einer Einleitung in die Staatsverfassung der Reichsstadt Frankfurt. Erster Theil. (Abschnitt 1-3) von Johann Anton von Moritz. (Attempt at an introduction to the state constitution of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part one. (Section 1-3) by Johann Anton von Moritz); (Frankfurt a. Main; 1785);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 25, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	From now on, Jewish marriage certificates shall no longer be issued solely by the local scribes, but by the manager, mayor or magistrate of the town where the Jew enjoys protected status, or where the Jew plans to settle down; in addition to certifying that the local maximum number of Jews will not be exceeded by the marriage, the marriage certificate shall also list the following, truthfully and separately: What assets does the groom have? What does the bride bring into the marriage, either in own assets, or as a dowry? And in what way the same is making a living, or is planning to make a living in the future.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828, p. 63.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 5, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	Dear faithful. […] We desire that you protect yourself against the Jews, who are present [in your districts] and who hold concession- or chamber-permits which allow them to exchange silver or engage in other kinds of trades [but] that are not made out to them personally (hold their name) […] and not to permit them to pursue any trade, but rather to proceed against these according to the mandate from August 16, 1746 […]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht getreten. Lejpzeig, Verlegtes Johann Samuel Heinsius. (Lejpzig; 1772); (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, and those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - and constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes which have appeared, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony. Published in Leipzig by Johnn Samuel Heinsius; (Leipzig; 1772);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 15, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] If a Jewish child, after having reached a legal age or emancipation, has with utter conviction chosen to receive baptism - even against the wishes of his/her parents - the Jewish parents or guardians are to be required to guarantee the child not only alimony [payments] but also the child’s portion of any realty or [instead] a guarantee. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 3, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony and addressed to the Officers/Administrators in Barby
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	Dear faithful. […] We wish to order you, on behalf of Our Lord [and] Cousin, Prince-Elector of Saxony […] herewith, [that you should] immediately eliminate (‘eliminiren’) all and every single Jew who is present in Barby, without exception and to report to Us if this causes an uprising and to await Our further instructions/decisions […]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht getreten. Lejpzeig, Verlegtes Johann Samuel Heinsius. (Lejpzig; 1772); (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, and those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - and constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes which have appeared, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony. Published in Leipzig by Johnn Samuel Heinsius; (Leipzig; 1772);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Barby is a city in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 22, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Standard Ordinance” ('Normalverordnung') issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	… Jews are […] prohibited to live on the flat land (countryside) in Lower Austria.
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The prohibition for Jews to live on the countryside was repeated in the Patent of January 2, 1782; edicts of June 17, 1796, July 22, 1800, and October 4, 1800.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 25, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General-Order” issued by Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony and addressed to the Officers/Administrators in Barby
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	Dear faithful. […] We have decided to revoke all silver-delivery-permits (‘Silber-Lieferungspässe’) issued to Jews […] and to collect such permits/passports - may they be made out to the person or not - and to send them back [to Us …] and to no longer allow Jews with such silver-delivery-permits to pass-through […].
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht getreten. Lejpzeig, Verlegtes Johann Samuel Heinsius. (Lejpzig; 1772); (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, and those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - and constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes which have appeared, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony. Published in Leipzig by Johnn Samuel Heinsius; (Leipzig; 1772);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 18, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony and addressed to the Officers/Administrators in Barby
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews of either sex, who cannot show that they are in the domain legitimately are to leave the capital[-city of Dresden] and the rest of the domain within 14 days and no more than 3 weeks [or face punishment according to the mandate of August 16, 1746 …] the same goes for Jewish servants, who are not covered by the concessions of the remaining Jews […]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht getreten. Lejpzeig, Verlegtes Johann Samuel Heinsius. (Lejpzig; 1772); (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, and those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - and constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes which have appeared, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony. Published in Leipzig by Johnn Samuel Heinsius; (Leipzig; 1772)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 30, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by Frederick II, King of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Those protected Jews who appear on the regular Jew-rosters, and who have the right to have children, shall pay a fee of 50 thalers for the first child, and 100 thalers for the second child. […] Those protected Jews who are granted permission to transfer their privileges from one place to another, shall pay the following for such a translocation: to a large city, 300 thalers; to a medium city, 150 thalers; to a small city, 100 thalers.
5. Source	Sammlung aller in dem souverainen Herzogthum Schlesien und der demselben incorporirten Grafschaft Glatz in Finanz-, Polizey-Sachen etc. ergangenen und publicirten Ordnungen, Edicte, Mandate, Rescripte etc, (Collection of all decreed and published ordinances, edicts, mandates, rescripts etc. regarding financial and police matters, for the sovereign Archduchy of Silesia and the incorporated Duchy of Glatz), Volume 19. Korn Publishers: Breslau, 1788. Page 259..
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 3, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Taxes for the Jewish-Hostel in Riga” issued by the City Council of Riga
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	How much a Jew is to pay in taxes at the Jewish-hostel to the innkeeper ordered by the authorities. For accommodation including a straw bed for a day and night - in the summer months - 4 Färd[ing currency], in the winter months - 6 Färd. For a bed/place to sleep, including hay, and since these require more room, one additional Färding, which means, during the summer months, 5 [Färding], and in the winter months 7 [Färding]. For a tidy room which contains a table and chairs, a table-cloth, and hand-towel, light [… and a maid …], during the summer months 14 [Fähring] per [one] day and night, in the winter months 20 [Fähring]. [Each additional person who stays in the room must pay an additional 2 Fähring each. Wood for cooking, tea and such, per day 4 Fähring. For a pre-made feather-bed per person per night 6 [Fähring]. For a place to put up a horse per [one] day and night 2 [Fähring]. […]
5. Source	Buchholz, Anton: Geschichte der Juden in Riga bis zur Begründung der Rigischen Hebräergemeinde im J. 1842. Herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. (History of the Jews in Riga until the foundation of the Hebrew community of Riga in the year 1842. Published by the Society for History and Antiquity of the Baltic-See provinces of Russia.); (Riga; 1899)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 13, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony and addressed to the Officers/Administrators in Barby
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony
4. Text of Act	Dear faithful. […] I) No other Jewish servant, other than those who are named/covered/included by the concession[-permits] of Jews who remain here [legally] and who can present the necessary government-permits, are to be allowed to stay [in the domain,] the others, however, […] are to be removed/expelled; II) […] Jews who hold […] passports […] and concessions that do not include their servants are to have the number of servants listed by name […] as per this [order …]
5. Source	Codex Augusteus, Oder Neuvermehrtes Corpus Juris Saxonici, Worinnen die in dem Churfürstenthum Sachsen und dazu gehörigen Landen, auch denen Marggrafthümern Ober- und Nieder-Lausitz, publicirte und ergangene Constitutiones, Decisiones, Mandata und Verordnungen erhaltenen, nebst einem Elencho, dienlichen Summarien und vollkommenen Registern, mit Ihrer königlichen Majestät in Polen, als Churfürstens zu Sachsen, allergnädigster Bewilligung ans Licht getreten. Lejpzeig, Verlegtes Johann Samuel Heinsius. (Lejpzig; 1772); (Codex Augustus, or newly augmented legal body/laws of Saxony, and those of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated territories, as well as the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia - and constitutions, decisions, mandates, and received ordinances, along with an elenchus, useful summaries and complete indexes which have appeared, with the most gracious permission of His Royal Majesty in Poland as Elector of Saxony. Published in Leipzig by Johnn Samuel Heinsius; (Leipzig; 1772)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 21, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Jew-Ordinance, issued by Karl Theodor, Elector of the Palatinate and Bavaria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	— Neither the Jews, nor their wives, children or servants may buy from Christian servants, children, students and unmarried sons or daughters any clothing, real estate, household items, rings, silverware or similar items, under penalty of the loss of the money paid as well as having to return, without compensation, any items so bought. – Jews may perform their ceremonies according to their custom, as long as they do so without any outward noise and fanfare, but inside and quietly. – The number of Jewish families in the city is limited to two hundred.
5. Source	Karl Theodor, Elector of the Palatinate Bavaria. Erlaeuterung Der Concession Fuer Die Judenschafft Der Stadt Mannheim (Explanation of the Concessions for the Jewry of the City of Mannheim). Mannheim, 1765. Page b verso.
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 7, 1765
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Magistrate at Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	The Jews may be allowed to proceed with the construction of a building that includes a designated assembly hall, but only under the terms that the basement as well as the lower floor are actually permanently vacant, and that only the hall will be reserved for the Jews and their intended use of it. With regard to the position of their servants, the Chief of Police must carefully investigate whether the Jews intend to let any synagogue officers, such as a rabbi or cantor, dwell in this house, under the excuse that they are only renting the rooms in the same; this shall not be allowed, since it could give the impression that the Jews have gained greater liberties than they have hitherto.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 172.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1766
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Feuderheim/ [City] of Mannheim, year 1766
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"The local Jews here may drive no more than one cow to the pasture and [must] refrain from any kind of illegal activities (‘allem Verschleifs enthalten’) to avoid severe punishment."
5. Source	Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins. Neue Folge. Band III. (“Repository of the History of the Upper Rhine. New issue. Volume III.”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher In 1730 it was ordered that Jews could not own more than one cow.