Acts – Page 9 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	660
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Forced Conversion of Jews” order issued by King Perctarit of the Lombards
3. Geography of Act	Teutonic Langobard
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Perctarit - son of Arupert I […] forced the Jews to adopt Christianity or be killed. Many Jews survived by outwardly accepting Christianity. "Jewish Timeline - 70 (9 Av 3830) JERUSALEM (Eretz Israel) to 1948 - Part 1;" (March 15, 2016) israelarticlesdraiman.blogspot.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	669
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Liber Poeintentialis” of Archbishop Theodore of Canterbury
3. Geography of Act	England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“16) If the Christians speak with the faithless Jews and accept their gifts with pleasure, and whore around with them, … he who has done so, is to be separated from the church for a whole year, or with a graver offence, for nice years of penance. […] 30) if anyone celebrates the feast of Passover with the Jews, he should be expelled from every church. 52) And if a Christian accepts unleavened bread from a faithless Jew, he is to repent 40 days with bread and water […]”
5. Source	Ancient Laws and Institutes of England (Ancient Latin Version of the Anglo-Saxon Laws); Volume II; Printed by the Command of His Late Majesty King William IV.
6. Researcher	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	671
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews” by King Wamba
3. Geography of Act	Visigothic Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) […] the Jews of Narbonne were expelled […]. "672 HILDERUC (Spain);" jewishhistory.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	680
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	6th Sinod
3. Geography of Act	Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"No one of them who are in our sacred order [Christians], may eat their [Jews] unleavened bread, or live with them [Jews], or call on any of them [Jews] during a time of sickness, or learn medicine from them or wash with them in the public baths [Jews]. If anyone does so, if he is a cleric, he must be deposed, and excomminicated."
5. Source	Decretum Gratiani, Pars II, Causa XXVIII, Questio I, C. XIII
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	681
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by King Erwig
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	If any Jew – of those, naturally, who are as yet not baptized or who have postponed their own or their children's baptism – should prevent his slaves from being baptized in the presence of the priest, or should withhold himself and his family from baptism, or if any one of them should exceed the duration of one year after the promulgation of this law without being baptized…whoever he may be, shall have his head shaved, receive a hundred lashes, and pay the required penalty of exile. His property shall pass over into the power of the king….
5. Source	“Jewish History Sourcebook: The Jews of Spain and the Visigothic Code, 654-681 CE.” Paul Halsall, July 1998, Article online, Accessed online 7/25/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 27, 681
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 9 issued by the Twelfth Council of Toledo
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	...‘That Jews shall not abstain themselves, nor withhold their children or slaves from baptism.’ ‘That Jews shall not celebrate the Passover as accustomed, nor practice circumcision, nor dissuade any one from the Christian faith.’ ‘That Jews shall not presume to observe the Sabbath, or any festival of their Religion.’ ‘That Jews shall not read book abhorred by the Christian faith.’ ‘That no Christian slave shall belong to Jews.’ ‘If a Jew declares himself to be a Christian, and on that account refuses to give up a slave.’ ‘Every Jew on embracing the faith to deliver his profession in writing.’ ‘The conditions Jews are to swear to, on renouncing Judaism for the faith.’ ‘Concerning Christian slaves of Jews not declared to be Christians, and respecting those who shall denounce them.’ ‘No Jew shall dare to govern, strike, or arrest any Christian in virtue of any authority, except by royal ordinance.’ ‘That unconverted slaves of Jews receiving the Christian faith shall receive their freedom.’ ‘That Jews shall not presume on the authority of land proprietors or others, to govern a Christian family, and the penalties to be inflicted on those that give them such authority.’ ...
5. Source	“True Barbarians?: The Role of the Visigothic Iberia in Medieval Persecutory Discourse.” Justin T. Dellinger. May 2010, Page 115-117. Online paper.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	682
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Laws Concerning Jews” issued by King Erwig
3. Geography of Act	Visigothic Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) King Erwig pressed for the "utter extirpation of the pest of the Jews," and made it illegal to practice any Jewish rites. This put further pressure on the Jews to convert or emigrate. "Jewish Timeline - 70 (9 Av 3830) JERUSALEM (Eretz Israel) to 1948 - Part 1;" (March 15, 2016) israelarticlesdraiman.blogspot.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	692
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 11 & 99 issued by the Council of Trullo
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	Canon 11 Let no one in the priestly order nor any layman eat the unleavened bread of the Jews, nor have any familiar intercourse with them, nor summon them in illness, nor receive medicines from them, nor bathe with them; but if anyone shall take in hand to do so, if he is a cleric, let him be deposed, but if a layman let him be cut off. Canon 99-We have further learned that, in the regions of the Armenians, certain persons boil joints of meat within the sanctuary and offer portions to the priests, distributing it after the Jewish fashion. Wherefore, that we may keep the church undefiled, we decree that it is not lawful for any priest to seize the separate portions of flesh meat from those who offer them, but they are to be content with what he that offers pleases to give them; and further we decree that such offering be made outside the church. And if any one does not thus, let him be cut off.
5. Source	“Council in Trullo.” Henry Percival. Accessed online excerpt 8/24/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Confiscation of Jewish Property” by King Egica
3. Geography of Act	Visigothic Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) King Egica forced Jews to return to his treasury all land, slaves and buildings they had bought from Christians. "Jewish Timeline - 70 (9 Av 3830) JERUSALEM (Eretz Israel) to 1948 - Part 1;" (March 15, 2016) israelarticlesdraiman.blogspot.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 2, 693
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 1 issued by the Sixteenth Council of Toledo
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	‘Notwithstanding many writers of the ancient fathers, and promulgated laws extant, condemning the false belief of the Jews, ...they still persevere in the blindness of their obstinacy on a yet harder rock. ...that either they be converted to the faith, or if adhering to their infidelity be more severely treated, ...Namely, That all those who shall be sincerely converted, and without subterfuge faithfully keep the Catholic faith, shall remain secure in their possessions and property, and exempt from every tax they have been accustomed to pay to our sacred treasury; but such as continue in their infidelity shall pay the full amount of their customary taxation for the public benefit. …’
5. Source	“True Barbarians? : The Role of Visigothic Iberia in Medieval Persecutory Discourse.” Justin T. Dellinger. May 2010, Page 117-118. Online paper.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews Declared Slaves”
3. Geography of Act	Visigothic Kingdom
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) All Jews in Spain and the Gallic Province are declared slaves. [This decree could have been issued by either King Wittiza or his father King Egica who co-ruled in the Visigothic Kingdom during that time.] Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 9, 694
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 8 issued by the Seventeenth Council of Toledo
3. Geography of Act	Spain
4. Text of Act	… and whatever duty to the public funds those Jews are known to have paid till now, their aforementioned slaves executed by our prince shall be obliged to pay in full without any excuse. Finally, those who will be granted these Jews by our oft-mentioned lord should take a written oath in the name of his Glory, that they shall not permit them in any way to celebrate or to observe the ceremonies of their rites or to follow any of the ways of their ancestral perfidy. We also resolve that their children of both sexes, from the age of seven years, should not dwell with their parents or have any association with them but that the masters who will receive them should hand them to very faithful Christians to be raised by them, in such a way that males should be married to Christian women and women, similarly, given in marriage to Christian men; and there should be absolutely no permission for the parents (as we have said), nor for their children, to preserve the ceremonies of the Jewish superstition or to follow the ways of their infidelity on any occasion whatsoever.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 537-538
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	722
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Constitutio 55” issued by Leo III
3. Geography of Act	Byzantine Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Leo III required that Jews live according to the Christian rites (“ut Judaei secundum christianismi ritum vivant”) and threatened those who deviated from the Christian customs and attempted to return to their Jewish customs and teachings with apostasy.” Scherer, Johann E.: Die Rechtverhältnisse der Juden in den deutsch-österreichischen Ländern (Leipzig; 1901) p. 16
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	740 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Law issued by Archbishop of York
3. Geography of Act	England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“No good Christian shall break bread or eat meat with a Jew.”
5. Source	“Twelve centuries of Jewish persecution: a brief outline of the sufferings of the Hebrew race in Christian lands, together with some account of the different laws and specific restrictions under which they have ar various times been placed.” Gustav Pearlson. Page 1
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	743 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order issued by the Council of Rome
3. Geography of Act	Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“The tenth chapter that a Christian shall not dare to join his daughter in marriage to a Jew in any way, lest she will be defiled by his sect and perish to eternity. If any Christian should dare to join his daughter in marriage to a Jew (unless he should believe in Christ entirely and be baptized), or if a Christian should dare to sell to that Jew a slave or a bondwoman, or if a Christian widow should take a Jew for her husband or those [parents] who will consent to this, they shall be anathema."
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: "The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 539
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	768 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Letter Against Jews Owning Land” issued by Pope Stephen IV
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	For this reason We are touched by sorrow, anxious even unto death, since We have known through you that the Jewish people, ever rebellious against God and derogatory of our rites, within the frontiers and territories of the Franks, own hereditary estates in the villages and suburbs, as if they were Christian residents; for they are the Lord's enemies... Christian men cultivate their vines and fields, and Christian men and women, living with those same deceivers both in town and out of town, are day and night strained by expressions of blasphemy... What was sworn to and handed over to those unbelievers by the Lord himself... has been taken away deservedly, in vengeance for the crucified Savior.
5. Source	“Pope Stephen IV, ‘Letter Against Jews Owning Land.’ (768).” Alexis Rubin, Accessed online 9/14/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 24, 787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 8 issued by the Second Council of Nicaea
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Turkey
4. Text of Act	[Canon] 8 Since some of those who come from the religion of the Hebrews mistakenly think to make a mockery of Christ who is God, pretending to become Christians, but denying Christ in private by both secretly continuing to observe the sabbath and maintaining other Jewish practices, we decree that they shall not be received to communion or at prayer or into the church, but rather let them openly be Hebrews according to their own religion; they should not baptize their children or buy, or enter into possession of, a slave. But if one of them makes his conversion with a sincere faith and heart, and pronounces his confession wholeheartedly, disclosing their practices and objects in the hope that others may be refuted and corrected, such a person should be welcomed and baptized along with his children, and care should be taken that they abandon Hebrew practices. However if they are not of this sort, they should certainly not be welcomed.
5. Source	“Second Council of Nicaea-787 A.D.” Norman P. Tanner, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	2011
8. Notes	Editor Author dates this law taking place September 24, 787.

1. Full Date of Act	807
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Dress Code for Jews" Issued by Abbassid Caliph Harun al-Rashid
3. Geography of Act	Persia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "The Persian Abbassid Caliph Harun al-Rashid ordered Jews to wear a yellow belt." Bitton, Jimmy: "It’s Not 1938 Again;" jewishmag.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	814 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Capitulary for the Jews” issued by Charlemagne
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	1. Let no Jew presume to take in pledge or for any debt any of the Church in gold, silver, or other form, from any Christian. But if he presume to do so, which God forbid, let all his goods be seized and let his right hand be cut off. 2. Let no Jew presume to take any Christian in pledge for any Jew or Christian, nor let him do anything worse; but if he presume to do so, let him make reparation according to his law, and at the same time he shall lose both pledge and debt. 3. Let no Jew presume to have a money-changer’s table in his house, nor shall he presume to sell wine, grain, or other commodities there. But if it be discovered that he has done so all his goods shall be taken away from him, and he shall be imprisoned until he is brought into our presence. 4. Concerning the oath of the Jews against the Christians. Place sorrel twice around his body from head to feet; he ought to stand when he takes his oath, and he should have in his right hand the five books of Moses according to his law, and if he cannot have them in Hebrew he shall have them in Latin. ‘May the God who gave the law to Moses on Mount Sinai help me, and he may the leprosy of Naamon the Syrian come upon me as it came upon him, and may the earth swallow me as it swallowed Dathan and Abiron, I have not committed evil against you in this cause.’
5. Source	“Medieval Sourcebook: Charlemagne: Capitulary for the Jews, 814.” Paul Halsall. September 1998, Accessed online 8/1/2011
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	815
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Dress Code for Jews" Issued by Caliph Al-Mutavallil
3. Geography of Act	Persia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "…two yellow badges [are to be displayed], one on the headgear and one on the neck. Furthermore, each Jew must hang round his neck a piece of lead with the word dhimmi [a social status given to tolerated infidels] on it. He also has to wear a belt round his waist. The women have to wear one red and one black shoe and have a small bell on their necks or shoes." Bitton, Jimmy: "It’s Not 1938 Again;" jewishmag.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	819
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Forceful Conversion of Jews” ordered by Archbishop Agobard
3. Geography of Act	Carolingian Empire
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Agobard forcibly converted Jewish children, offering them or their parents no choice in the matter. This is the first time in France that such an act was recorded. [Until this time Jews were offered a choice between converting or being expelled or killed - but up until now there was a "choice".] "Jewish Timeline - 70 (9 Av 3830) JERUSALEM (Eretz Israel) to 1948 - Part 1;" (March 15, 2016) israelarticlesdraiman.blogspot.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	845
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Anti-Jewish Decrees” issued by the Council of Meaux presided over by Bishop Amolo of Lyons
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of the West Franks
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) The Council of Meaux, under Amolo Bishop of Lyons, enacts anti-Jewish decrees. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 14, 846
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Various canons and decrees reissued by the Council of Paris
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	…[1] If one of the Jews should buy and circumcise a Christian slave or of any other sect, he shall be released from that Jew’s power and remain in liberty…[2] We deny to the Jews and to the pagans the permission to practice law and to serve in the state service; …[3]…that none of the Jews should accede to honors and dignities, …They shall not dare to construct anew any synagogue. ...Any Jew who should dare transfer a slave or freeborn, either against his will or with a persuasion that deserves punishment, from the cult of the Christian religion to an abominable sect and rite should be punished by death and confiscation of property. ...Any of them who should steal into offices of honor shall be considered, as before, of the lowest condition, lest we be seen to grant the privilege of exemption to men execrable with reprehensible ambition… [4] The Jews should be denied permission to stroll about in the street and in the forum, as though in provocation, from the Cena Domini until the first day in Pascha…[6] Christian slaves ... who are imported or possessed by Jews, should either be delivered to the mandators or positively sold to Christian buyers within forty days. ...nor shall Christian slaves be permitted to live in the house of a Jew…[7] ...As for the banquets of the Jews, our law prohibited even laymen to take part in them…[9] Jews should not be appointed judges over the Christian populace or permitted to be tax-collectors, ...[10] That the Jews should be denied permission to stroll about in the streets and in the forum, as though in provocation, from the Cena Domini until the first day in Pascha, ...and that they shall not dare to sit in front of priests unless ordered to do so. ...[11] And that no Christian shall dare to take part in in banquets of Jews. ...[12] ...that henceforth no Christian should be obliged to serve a Jew ...[13] ...that if any Jew should be found guilty of persuading a Christian slave to join the Jewish rite, he shall both lose that slave and suffer the stator punishment. [14] As we are governed, with God’s grace, by Catholic kings, the Jews shall not dare to go out among Christians or mix with the Catholic populace.
5. Source	Linder, Amnon: “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages.” Page 539-548
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 14, 846
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 74 issued at the Council of Meaux-Paris.
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	On those who offer favor and support to the Jews against the faith of Christ. So great is the avarice of some people that,… even now,… many of the priests and the laymen have received gifts from the Jews and encouraged, with their protection, the perfidy of those who are known (and not without reason) to be members of the Antichrist’s body;… Henceforth, therefore, any bishop, cleric or layman who would provide them help against the Christian faith through favor and support, should be put under anathema as an impious and sacrilegious and expelled out of the Catholic Church of the Kingdom of God.
5. Source	Amnon Linder (ed.), “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages,” Wayne State University Press, Detroit, MI, 1997, p. 547.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 14, 846
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Canon 75 issued at the Council of Meaux-Paris.
3. Geography of Act	Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	On the sons of Jews, that they should be separated from their parents and be entrusted to Christians. We decree that the sons and daughters of the Jews should be separated from the company of their parents in order that they should not become further entrapped in their deviations, and entrusted indeed to the monasteries or to Christian, God-fearing men and women, in order that they should learn from their way of life to venerate the faith, and educated on better things, progress in their morals as well as their faith.
5. Source	Amnon Linder (ed.), “The Jews in the Legal Sources of the Early Middle Ages,” Wayne State University Press, Detroit, MI, 1997, pp. 547-548.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	None