Acts – Page 92 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 4, 1769
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Circular” published in the Imperial Leaflet
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] where the [permitted] number of [Jewish] family-spots (‘Familienstellen’) have not been exceeded, the second or the third-born can receive permission to wed, if he can show to have contributions of 500 – 700 Franks. […] No one shall receive a family-spot who does not own assets worth 300 Franks [or more], and cannot show a proof of schooling. He should be able to read and write in German. […].
5. Source	Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; (Brünn, 1844); (Dr. Joh. Lutsche’s Weiland Imper[ial], Moravia[n], Silesia[n] Council of Appellations, Special Rights of Persons of Moravia and Silesia, especially in political terms. Vol. II); (Brünn; 1844)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1769
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript addressed to the General Director issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	“'Clergymen Inspectors' [geistliche Inspektoren] are instructed to make sure the motives of young Jews are convincing before they baptize them. In order that they should not become a burden to the Great Friedrichshospital, they are to be placed as soon as possible – even during school time – with masters."
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 510.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 3, 1769
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Danish Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark, Germany
4. Text of Act	For all authorities in the duchies, it is henceforth the rule that foreign Jews, as well as those Jews who live in the duchies, but who are neither endowed with a royal letter of protection, nor reside in their own houses, shall not be issued a passport to Denmark.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 51.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher “Duchies” here referred to the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig, then the northernmost states of the Holy Roman Empire and under the control of the Danish king in his function as Duke of Holstein and Duke of Schleswig; both fiefdoms have since become part of the German state Schleswig-Holstein.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 5, 1769
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Publication/Order” issued by the [City] Council of Riga
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Latvia
4. Text of Act	[…] all arriving Jews, except privileged ones (those with special permits) and those who have been required/obliged to remain on their rafts (‘Flössen’) and river-ships (‘Strusen’) are to find accommodation in the Jewish-hostel […] plus, all departing Jews, who have already received passports from the Livonian general-government-chancellery (‘Generalgouvernementskanzellei’), are not to stay more than two days in Riga.
5. Source	Buchholz, Anton: Geschichte der Juden in Riga bis zur Begründung der Rigischen Hebräergemeinde im J. 1842. Herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. (History of the Jews in Riga until the foundation of the Hebrew community of Riga in the year 1842. Published by the Society for History and Antiquity of the Baltic-See provinces of Russia.); (Riga; 1899);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The above is a translation of a German summary of the original text both of which can be found in the cited source.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 5, 1769
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript addressed to all War & Domain Chambers issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	When Jews have to take porcelains for special Benefactions ('Beneficien'), they are to take a third of each kind so that porcelain can be exported and its benefits can be known everywhere.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Pages 517-518.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The same day, it was also ordered that “no Jew is to be given any further concessions, until he has provided a certificate from customs (at the border) that the porcelain which he got from the local porcelain manufacturer was in fact sent out of the country.”

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 21, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“General-Rescript” (‘General-Rescript’) issued by Charles Frederick (‘Carl Friedrich’), Grand Duke of Baden; addressed to all Upper authorities and offices
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Baden
4. Text of Act	[…] however, we wish to order you in all earnestness […] to not allow Jews to sell a piece of cattle […] to Our Christian subjects outside of the public markets […] and that any such seller is brought to justice and punished. […]
5. Source	Sammlung sämmtlicher Gesetze, Verordnungen, Verfügungen und Anordnungen welche in den Markgrafschaften und in dem Großherzogthum Baden über Gegenstände der Orts-Polizei seit dem Jahre 1712 bis 1832 erschienen sind, und nach den Bestimmungen des vierten Capitels der Gemeinde-Ordnung durch die Bürgermeister vollzogen werden. Herausgegeben von Bernhard Dollmätsch, Großherzoglich Badischem Kammerrath, Oberrevisor des Ministeriums des Innern und Ritter des Zähringer Löwen-Ordens. Zweiter Band. (Carlsruhe und Baden; 1837); (Collection of all laws, ordinances, decrees, and orders which have been published in the Counties of Mark and the Grand-Duchy of Baden pertaining to local police-ordinances from 1712 until 1832, which have been enforced by the mayor in accordance with the provisions outlined in the fourth chapter of the municipal order. Edited by Bernhard Dollmätsch, Chamber-Council of the Grand-Duchy of Baden, chief-editor/revisor of the Ministry of Interior and knight of the Order of the Zähringer Lion. Second Volume. (Karlsruhe and Baden); (1837);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 19, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree, issued by the Imperial Court of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israelites may obtain letters of protection, and the privileges associated therewith, but [they] are precluded from having any citizenship rights, or those of a master tradesman.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police in the Austrian Empire: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 322.
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 7, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Regulation Regarding the Head Tax, published on the orders of the High Noble Council.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	Article XII.The High German Jews must, just like the Portuguese, pay a head tax for themselves, their wives, and their servants, and they are also assessed according to the rules specified in this regulation.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1765 bis 1773 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1765 to 1773,]” Volume 6, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1774, p. 343, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 28, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from appearing on public streets, places, or at Christian's homes on Christian Sundays and holy-days or [they are to] face a fine of 5 fl [Gulden…].
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 29, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate issued by Anna Amalia, Duchess of Saxony, for the Principality of Eisenach
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	I. Neither puppeteering Jews, nor traveling-show Jews, nor beggar-Jews are tolerated in our principality. II. Any Jews who have obtained special permission to enter the principality, shall refrain from selling stolen goods, as well as from carrying or selling any wares made of silk or cotton, except in the public, reoccurring markets; however, they shall not be seen anywhere in this principality on Sundays or feast days, under penalty of a fine of ten thalers. III. Any contract between a Jew and a Christian exceeding five thalers and to be paid later to the Jew, shall be documented and inspected by the local authorities. IV. In the case of installments to be made by a Christian to a Jew, only a court-approved document shall constitute a valid claim to such payments.
5. Source	“Mandat, den Judenhandel in dem Fürsthentum Eisenach betreffend [Mandate regarding the Jewish Trade in the Principality of Eisenach],” 6/29/1770; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 39; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 14, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Peddling Ordinance” issued by the Electorate of Hanover
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover
4. Text of Act	Escorted Jews (those with special permits) shall not go peddling outside of the annual markets […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen und Ausschreiben welche für sämmtliche Provinzen des Hannoverschen Staats, jedoch was den Calenbergischen, Lüneburgischen, und Bremen- und Verdenschen Theil betrifft, seit dem Schlusse in denselben vorhandenen Gesetzessammlungen bis zur Zeit der feindlichen Usurpation ergangen sind. Mit Genehmigung des Königl. Cabinets-Ministerii herausgegeben von Ernst Spangenberg, Dr. beider Rechte und köngl. Großbritannisch, hannoverschem Hof- und Canzley-Rathe in der Justiz-Canzley zu Zelle. Zweyter Theil, bis Jahre 1760 bis 1779 enthaltend. (Collection of ordinances and decrees that apply to all provinces of the state of Hannover, however, as far as Calenberg, Lüneburg, Bremen, and Verden are concerned, it contains a collection of laws until the conclusion of the aforementioned [places] by the hostile usurpation. Published by Ernst Spangenberg, PhD. of both laws and royal, Britisch Hanoverian Court and Legal Council in the Justice Office in Zelle, with the permission of the royal Cabinet-Ministers. Second Volume until [from] 1760 until 1779 inclusive.); (Hannover; 1820);
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 29, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict regarding the precautionary measures to be taken against the plague which has broken out in some Polish regions, issued by Frederick II of Prussia.
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Since the plague has already broken out in Wallachia, Moldavia, Podolia and the whole of Hynia for some time, and therefore there is reason to fear that, unless all humanly possible care is taken immediately, this disease will easily spread to the adjacent and neighboring provinces and countries,… We therefore order, by virtue of this edict: I. That from this date onwards no person coming from Moldavia, Wallachia, Podolia, Volyn, from the Kingdom of Poland and from the provinces and places belonging to the same crown, or from other neighboring suspicious areas … should not be admitted other than at the specified entry and containment points … [and] must remain in full quarantine for forty-two days. … VIII. All foreign and Polish Jews should not be allowed into the country at all, even on the aforementioned route.
5. Source	W.G. von der Heyde, “Repertorium Der Polizeigesetze und Verordnungen in Den Königlich Preußischen Staaten [Repertory of Police Laws and Regulations in the Royal Prussian States],” Vol. 1, Halle, 1819, p. 496-508, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 12, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Mandate against Jews who arrive as beggars or who peddle old clothes.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	No vagrants, begging Jews [Bettel-Juden] or Jews who peddle old clothes, furs, wool, feathers, old hats, caps, cloths, flax, beds, raw leather, and similar goods may enter this city and its areas, whether they have passports or not; they will be turned away, and the old clothes, furs, etc. they are carrying will be confiscated, and burned; If they were to be seen a second time, they should be punished severely, as the case may be. Accordingly, we order, with the strictest discretion, all guards, gate clerks … but especially the Jewish guards, and in the country, the bailiffs and captains, to ensure that such rabble, Jews roaming around, and such haggling are not permitted. The gate clerks must also record, as far as possible, the names and appearances of such rejected Jewish beggars, vagrants and peddlers, and present the details to the wise praetors from time to time, so that proper action can be taken against such persons in the event that they show their face again. … We prohibit all innkeepers, pub owners, and all citizens and residents who keep dormitories or let people live in their homes, halls, cellars, or attics, or who host them, from taking in such vagrants, beggars, and Jews who peddle clothes, rags, and the like mentioned above, or from tolerating them in their homes; on the other hand, we command them to immediately report the names and, as far as they know, the activities of all those who are resident with them and who are not related to this city by civic or other duties, to the citizen captain under whose company they live; otherwise, for each case of contravention, they shall be fined two thalers, and in the event of suspicion of deliberate concealment, they shall be arrested and subjected to further inquisition.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1765 bis 1773 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1765 to 1773,]” Volume 6, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1774, pp. 346-350, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 14, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Government of Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) that all Polish-Jews shall be earnestly forbidden to enter and to be present in these/our lands. […] all local authorities are to watch over this in their districts […] and have this posted again publicly on all warning-poles (‘Warnungs-Pfählen’), […] at border-crossings, and on secret paths and byways, as well as in taverns; 2) Should this current ordinance be defied again, and there be foreign beggar-Jews present again in our lands after 6 weeks […] the protected Jewry* shall be liable for them. […] therefore, it is to be announced in all non-local places and warned that Polish-Jews as well as beggar-Jews are not to be allowed entry into our lands […]
5. Source	Des Königreichs Hannover Landes-Gesetz und Verordnungen, insbesondere der Fürstenthümer Calenberg, Göttingen und Grubenhagen. In einem Auszug nach alphabetischer Ordnung gebracht von Friedrich Christoph Willich, Doctor der Rechte und königliche Großbritannisch Honnoverschen Rath. Erster Band. A - G. Zweyte Auflage. (“State Laws and Ordinäres of the Kingdom of Hannover, especially the principalities of Calenberg, Göttingen and Grubenberg. As abstracts in alphabetical order prepared by Friedrich Christoph Willich, JD, and Royal Britisch Council of Hannover. First Volume, A - G. Second issue.”); (Göttingen; 1825);
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8. Notes	Researcher *There were a number of Jews who were given special permissions to settle in the territories of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 4, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the [City] Council of Frankfurt
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free City of Frankfurt
4. Text of Act	[…] Jewish parents, whose children are getting married outside of the domain as well as the children themselves […] are to report the size/amount of the assets/dowry they receive under oath […] and leave a certain deposit/guarantee [so that the necessary and legal levies/taxes can be deducted […] and those who do not obey this [order …] are not to be given any leniency […]
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen der Reichsstadt Frankfurt von Johnn Conradin Beyerbach. Zweyter Theil. (Collection of ordinance of the Imperial City of Frankfurt. Part two.); (Frankfurt am Main; 1798);
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 8, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Further precautionary mandate, because of the contagious disease rampant in some provinces of the Kingdom of Poland, including Moldavia and Wallachia.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	That no persons coming from the above-mentioned infected provinces should be allowed into this city and its areas, whether they have passports or not. In particular, all Polish Jews and horse traders coming from there should be completely expelled.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1765 bis 1773 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1765 to 1773,]” Volume 6, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1774, pp. 354-358, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 24, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Official Notification, which was read from the pulpits and displayed as required.
3. Geography of Act	Free Imperial City of Hamburg
4. Text of Act	It is hereby ordered by the authorities in all seriousness to all and sundry, regardless of their status, not to give any assistance to persons who are not known and do not live in this area, in particular to Jews, beggars and homeless rabble who want to sneak in with or without goods, to provide them with lodging or sleeping quarters, least of all to take them across the Elbe by boat during the day or at night, or to lend [them] their boats, dinghies and scullery,… Anyone who violates this order should not only be immediately taken to prison and severely punished, but also the vehicles, whether they belong to the perpetrators or have been borrowed from others, should be confiscated and the remains of them should be given to the public; everyone must comply with this and take care of themselves against damage.
5. Source	“Sammlung der von Einem Hochedlen Rathe der Stadt Hamburg so wol zur Handhabung der Gesetze und Verfassungen als bey besonderen Eräugnissen ... welcher die Verfugungen von 1765 bis 1773 [Collection of the Regulations issued by a High Noble Council of the City of Hamburg for the Administration of Laws and Constitutions as well as for Special Events ... which contain the Regulations from 1765 to 1773,]” Volume 6, J. C. Piscator, Hamburg, 1774, pp. 358-359, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 16, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Magistrate at Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	The Jews, of both the Portuguese and the German nation, must have and share schoolmasters whose employment the magistrate, after deliberation with the elders and the rabbi, considers necessary; however, every time a schoolmaster changes, either on his departure or upon death, the elders shall be obliged to report this, and no foreigner allowed to enter or accept the position of schoolmaster without the knowledge and permission of the magistrate, subject to the circumstances, as well as the assent of the Police Department and the Department of Commerce; in addition, no Jewish schoolmaster should engage in even the slightest amount of trading, civilian business, or anything other than teaching the children of the Jews; and the Jewish schoolmasters who violate the same, shall be regarded the same as Jews staying in Copenhagen without royal letters of safe conduct.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 293.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher In 17th- and 18th-century Denmark, Ashkenazi Jews were known as “German Jews,” while Sephardi Jews were referred to as “Portuguese Jews.” For information on the differences between the two, see "Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews," chabad.org, by Menachem Posner.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 20, 1770
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Edict” issued by Fredrick the Great (“Friedrich”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prussia
4. Text of Act	We, Fredrick, King of Prussia by the Grace of God, Markgrave of Brandenburg, Arch-Gentleman and [Prince] Elector ('Erz-Cämmerer und Churfürst') of the Holy Roman Empire […] 13) With respect to the Jews (regarding the Jews), the prohibition contained in the Cloth-Regulation ('Tuch-Reglement') Sec[tion] II, § 4 is to remain in effect, according to which those Jews – without exception – whether they may be tolerated in Upper or Lower Silesia – are prohibited to trade with Silesian wool ('schlesischer Land-Wolle') and to purchase such (wool) [with]in or outside of the wool markets. Should a Jew, however, regardless of whether he may be a local/native ('einheimischer') or a foreign Jew, dare to bring/take some wool across the border, and sooner or later be caught and convicted of this, if he is a local/native Jew who is tolerated in the land, he is not only […] to lose his toleration [permit] and face the above ordered punishment of confiscation and respectively the value of the wool […], but also – depending on the circumstances – be punished with fortress-labor (hard-labor) ('Festungsarbeit'); however, if it is a foreign Jew, he is to have double the fine ('Geldstrafe') imposed on him and also be condemned to […] ('zeitigen') fortress-labor (hard-labor), unless the Jew was explicitly granted a concession for wool-trade. […]
5. Source	Edict worinnen das Verbot gegen die Ausfuhre der Schlesischen Wolle nach fremden Landen, und die zu deren Verhütung zunehmende Praecautiones erneuert und eingeschärft werden. (“Edict in Which the Prohibition and Increasing Precautions Against the Exports of Silesian Wool into Foreign Countries are Renewed and Inculcated”); (Berlin; 1770)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 5, 1771
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree of the Lower-Austrian government to the Magistrate of Vienna”
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Maria Theresa has ordered Duke Wallis, who let the deadline pass, to tolerate the Jews until Saint Michael’s Day in his territory*. After that, they are to be put up somewhere else. […] those Jews who do not pay their taxes on time due to poverty, […] are to be expelled immediately from Vienna […] in all seriousness.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 408.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *The text reads that he has to tolerate them in his “house” (Haus), but in this case, it refers to his territory.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 15, 1771
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition to visit the annual markets of Vienna”
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Her Majesty, held in the highest esteem, has decided that Jew are prohibited to visit and sell [their merchandize] on the annual market of Vienna and that this [law] is to be part of the current Austrian constitution.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 419.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 14, 1771
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	As it has come to pass that a Jewish applicant for a wedding license, in order to fraudulently obtain the required permit, produced a falsified attestation of his and his bride’s assets, and thus created the necessity to prevent any such illegal schemes in the future; thus all chief royal officers of the counties are to impress on the magistrates and county offices, that the same shall, in such attestations of assets for Jewish petitioners for a wedding permit, not use numerals for the sum of the combined assets, but letters, with penalties to be faced for any contraventions.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 65.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 15, 1771
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Prince-Bishopric
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited from trading with fat cattle (‘Fettvieh’). […]
5. Source	Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, nebst urkundlichen Beilagen, (History of the Jews in the Former Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, edited on the basis of archiving, together with documented supplements); (Bamberg; 1898)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This prohibition was issued and revoked several times throughout history in the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. It was initially issued on May 8, 1700, then repeated on October 11 and 31, 1712. The cattle trade was permitted on June 8, 1713; prohibited October 24, 1748; permitted on October 10, 1771; prohibited on May 19, 1795, and March 15, 1796.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 18, 1771
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Danish Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Art. 4. No Jew who does not have a royal letter of safe passage may be put ashore anywhere in Denmark, regardless of what passport he may bring from foreign places, and those Jews who reside in the provinces must not be transferred to Zealand without carrying the appropriate passport and proof that he is traveling in the course of a lawful pursuit, as well as the date of his return home. Whoever houses or conceals a traveling Jew, without reporting it, shall, in addition to the mulct provided for in Article 1, be punished according to law, such as in a house of corrections, and the skipper or ferryman who transports any such Jew shall, under the ordinances of December 10, 1748, and October 7, 1750, be obliged, in addition to bringing back such Jews, to pay 10 imperial thalers for each Jew, or in the absence of payment, he shall suffer corporal punishment, in accordance with the ordinance of December 6, 1743.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 34.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Zealand is the largest island in Denmark proper; its most prominent city is Copenhagen, the Danish capital.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 28, 1771
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Government of Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	[The ordinance of September 14, 1770 is renewed and the local authorities are ordered to enforce this or to be subject to his majesty's disfavor] and to not issue any passports/permits to foreign vagabonding Jews under any circumstances […] and any officer (person with authority) who acts in violation of this [order…] is to be personally punished and no excuse is to be accepted. 2) Rather, all beggar-Jews and such riff-raff shall be turned away as soon as they reach our borders […]
5. Source	Des Königreichs Hannover Landes-Gesetz und Verordnungen, insbesondere der Fürstenthümer Calenberg, Göttingen und Grubenhagen. In einem Auszug nach alphabetischer Ordnung gebracht von Friedrich Christoph Willich, Doctor der Rechte und königliche Großbritannisch Honnoverschen Rath. Erster Band. A - G. Zweyte Auflage. (“State Laws and Ordinäres of the Kingdom of Hannover, especially the principalities of Calenberg, Göttingen and Grubenberg. As abstracts in alphabetical order prepared by Friedrich Christoph Willich, JD, and Royal Britisch Council of Hannover. First Volume, A - G. Second issue.”); (Göttingen; 1825);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None