Acts – Page 93 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 3, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree authorizing the collection of additional taxes from the Jewish community.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	The officials were informed that the additional tax on the marriage property of the Jews was leased to them for a period of six years, and that each case was to be reported to the Court Chamber.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen von 1771 mit 1800 ergangen sind [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances from 1771 to 1800]," Part 3, Franz Xaver Rienner, Wurzburg, 1801, p. 61, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	Researcher The collection of this additional tax was initially authorized in a decree dated April 15, 1773. In a decree issued on July 1, 1780, the additional tax was authorized for a further three years. See the above source, p. 52 for the 1773 decree and p. 127 for the 1780 decree. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 24, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery, to the magistrates and the chief of police in Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Regarding the procedure for foreign and roaming Jews and Jewesses (to prevent such Jews from straying): The foreign, roaming Jews and Jewesses who cannot prove their official authorization to be in Denmark, shall be returned to their origin, at the expense of the Jewish nation. And, if the magistrate there considers it useful that the officer of the Jewish community, tasked with the search for foreign Jews, should not depend upon the elders alone; then the King ordains that this officer must neither be appointed nor dismissed without the consent of the chief of police, and used by the chief as a deputy from the Jewish nation, which is why he shall be paid by the police department, out of fines collected.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 35.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 6, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Cabinet’s order addressed to the General Director of the Justice Department
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jewish elders are to be held accountable for fraudulent bankruptcies too, if they failed to prevent them.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 570.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 28, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Wholesale Privilege for Jews” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] it is permitted that wholesale permits – for businesses that are in good standing – can not only be taken over by the widows but also by the descendants of the deceased; the latter, however, are to report to the authorities to obtain permission of the ‘highest order’ in each case […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 2, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” of the Senate of the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Nuremberg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	After the attempts of the highly-commendable [City] Council of the Holy Roman City Nurnberg […] to mitigate the illegal usury and fraud of Jews on numerous occasions [… have failed …] we have found it necessary to issue a renewed ordinance regarding Jewish-usury […] and do not permit any local citizen to accept a [debt] from a Jew [… and to only accept those from authorized businessmen and tradesmen …] Jews are to especially refrain from loaning money to minor, seniors and those who are under the power of a guardianship or inexperienced citizens without the knowledge and permission of the local authorities [… or to do this …] among themselves outside of the cattle-markets that are permitted to them […] any such contract entered into in the future shall be considered unlawful and void. […]
5. Source	Johann Jacob Mosers Königlich-Dänischen Statsraths, Zusätze in seinem neuen Teutschen Staatsrecht; drinn, nebst vilen ungedruckten, zum Theil sehr wichtigen, Urkunden und Nachrichten, von allen neusten bekannten Deutschen (allgemeinen und besonderen,) Staatsangelegenheiten hinlänglicher Bericht ertheilet wird. Dritter und lezter Band. (Frankfurt und Leipzig; 1782); (Johann Jacob Moser’s Royal-Danish City Council, addition to his new German constitutional law; includes along with numerous unpublished documents and news, a sufficient report of the latest known German (general and special) state affairs. Third and last volume.) (Frankfurt and Leipzig; 1782);
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 20, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ad Mandatum (‘the mandate’)” issued by King Frederick of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Frederick, King of Prussia […] since our experience has shown repeatedly that Jews who have converted to the Christian religion have done so not necessarily motivated by pure intentions and drive, but rather in order to achieve an end result, that is why We have deigned to command [the following]: that no Jew may be admitted to a class/lecture regarding the Christian religion until true proof/news of his irreproachable conversion has been established and credible written attestations have been submitted. You will all be obediently paying attention to this […] To all governments and spiritual/clerical colleagues. […].
5. Source	Sammlung Preußischer Gesetze und Verordnungen welche auf die allgemeine Deposital-, Hypotheken, Gerichts-, Criminal- und Städte-Ordnung, and das allgemeine Landrecht, auf den Anhang zum allgemeinen Landrechte und zur allgemeinen Gerichtsordnung, and die landschaftlichen Credit-Reglements und auf Provinzial- und Statutar-Rechte Bezug haben, nach der Zeitfolge geordnet von Carl Ludwig Heinrich Rabe, Domainen-Cammer-Director Sr. königlichen Hoheit des Prinzen August von Preußen des St. Johanniter-Ordens der ehemaligen Ballet Brandenburg Regierungs-Rath, Erb- und Gerichtsherr auf Carmzow, Stahmehl, Hedwigsdorff und Friedeberg. Erster Band. Sechste Abtheilung. Enthaltend die Jahre 1774 bis 1781. (Collection of Prussian laws and ordinances which pertain to general depository, mortgage, legal, criminal, and city regulations, and general land laws, (all the way) to the appendix to the common local/land laws and general court ordinances, and the credit regulations regarding farmers/agriculture as well as provincial and statutes, listed chronologically by Carl Ludwig Heinrich Rabe, Director of Domain Chamber of His royal majesty, Prince August of Prussia of the St. Johanniter-Order of the Ballot of Brandenburg, governmental council, Heritage/Heir Court-Judge for Carmzow, Strahmehl, Hedwigshoff und Friedeberg. First Volume. Sixth Division. Includes the years 1774 to 1781.); (Halle; 1822)
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8. Notes	Researcher This mandate was published in a circular.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 27, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Jews are completely [to be] excluded from trading with saltpeter/niter and powder.
5. Source	Erzherzogthum Oesterreich unter der Enns. Von Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, wirklichen k. k. Rath und Referenten bei dem niederösterr. Mercantil- und Wechselgerichte; (Wien; 1836); (“Trade book of commercial laws and its procedural application to the commercial/trade courts, with special consideration of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. By Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, real/true r[oyal] i[mperial] advisor and referent at the Lower Austrian commercial/trade and exchange court); (Vienna; 1836)
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8. Notes	Researcher A similar prohibition was issued via the Patent of December 21, 1807. Jews were also strictly prohibited from extracting/producing saltpeter/niter via Patent of December 1, 1807.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 8, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Carl I, Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Whereas beggar-Jews keep entering [Our lands], sometimes with whole families, by wagon, and are said to sometimes carry diseases that could lead to an epidemic, We hereby decree that from now on, nowhere shall any beggar-Jew be admitted to Our lands, and we order all civil servants in town and country, magistrates, and border agents, under severe penalty to be determined by Us, to enforce this exclusion strictly. If, however, any such riffraff should find opportunity to infiltrate, nobody is to give them shelter, but instead, all innkeepers and other subjects are to report them to the nearest official, who, with the help of the other residents, shall bring such Jews to court, where they will be sentenced to imprisonment or hard labor, depending on the circumstances of the case. This ordinance shall be published immediately in the regular places, as well as in all synagogues.
5. Source	“Serenissimi gnädigste Verordnung, das Einführen fremder Bettel-Juden betreffend [Most Serenely Merciful Ordinance, Regarding the Introduction of Foreign Beggar-Jews],” 12/8/1774; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 56; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 10, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree on the payment of protection money by the Jewish community.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	Since the Jewish protection money was not delivered in due time, and even less in full,… the serious order is issued again that every Jew must pay his due protection money to the Jewish messenger sent out without delay within the usual time limits, and, in the event that he is forced to leave home because of his business, leave the amount of money that he has to pay each time either with his own family or with his acquaintances, so that it can be delivered to the Jewish messenger on his arrival.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen von 1771 mit 1800 ergangen sind [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances from 1771 to 1800]," Part 3, Franz Xaver Rienner, Wurzburg, 1801, p. 69-70, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
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8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 15, 1775
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict of 1775 issued by Pope Pius VI
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Jews of both sexes must wear a yellow-colored sign, by which they are distinguished from others, and they must always wear it at all times and places, both in the ghettoes, and when they are outside of them.” The men were to wear the yellow sign on their hat, and women on their uncovered hair. To prevent the Jews from giving themselves airs, they were forbidden from riding in carriages or buggies…The Jews may not play, nor eat, nor drink, nor have any other familiarity or conversation with Christians, nor Christians with Jews, whether in buildings, houses, or vineyards, nor on the streets, or in inns, taverns, stores, or elsewhere. And innkeepers, bartenders, and storekeepers shall not permit conversation between Christian and Jews, under the penalty for Jews of ten scudi and an indeterminate jail sentence, and for Christians of ten scudi and other, corporal punishments…Jews cannot keep male or female servants, nor make use of them even for the briefest moment, nor employ them to clean the ghetto, nor to light their fire, nor wash their clothes, nor to do any other task for them…The sermon being the most potent and efficient means to obtain the conversion of the Jews…we order the rabbis to take every care and due diligence to ensure that…the proper number of men and women attend, the number being fixed separately for each ghetto according to its size.
5. Source	“The Popes Against the Jews: The Vatican’s Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism.” David I. Kertzer. 2002, Page 28-29. Online book.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 5, 1775
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Edict issued by Pope Pius VI
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Among the pastoral solicitudes that occupy the soul of the hiliness of our Lord [i.e., the Pope] at the outset of his Pontificate...the foremost priority is that which guards the Catholic religion from corruption among the Faithful. Considering, therefore, the need to protect the faithful from the danger of subversion that can result from excessive familiarity with the Jews, the exact observance of the measures taken by [the Pope’s] glorious predecessors is absolutely necessary.
5. Source	“The Popes Against the Jews; The Vatican’s Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism.” David I. Kertzer. Page 27
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 2, 1775
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Mandate” issued by the Government of Bayreuth
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Principality of Bayreuth
4. Text of Act	All contracts of Jews with citizens, common craftsmen/artisans, and farmers – whether it involves one or repeated business worth more than 30 fl. Franconian currency or 37 fl. [or] 30 kr. Rhineland currency – require the registration and confirmation [of the appropriate authorities] sub poena nullitatis. […]
5. Source	Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und wirklichen Rath. Sechste Band; (München; 1838); (Collection of Regulations/Ordinances Existing in the Territories of the Internal State Administration of the Kingdom of Bavaria from official sources and systematically arranged by G. Döllinger, Royal Bavarian Secret House-Archivist and True Advisor; Volume VI), (Munich; 1838)
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7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 18, 1775
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Communiqué” addressed to the Jewish Elders of Prague
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	[…] it has come to [our] disapproving attention, that some young Jewish boys who do not have a beard […] wear a small yellow patch that is attached instead of the yellow cuff that is sewn on […] no less, the young married Jews shear and crop their beards in such a manner that only a small patch remained under their chins, or in the area around their chin and the cheeks where the beard is so thin that it cannot be noticed right away. And the same [Jews] are wearing their clothes in various colors like the Christians and the Jewish boys rove around in the pubs and cafés (‘Schank- und Kaffeehäusern’) and engaged in all sorts of debauchery, and are indistinguishable in their clothing in any way. […] married Jews must grow their beard to be at least half an inch long (‘wenigstens einen halben Zoll’). […]
5. Source	Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Juden in the Cechoslov. Republik; I Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz; (Prag; 1929); (Society for History of the Jews in the Czech Republic; Year’s Issue 1929; Published by Prof. Dr. Samuel Steinherz); (Prague; 1929);
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8. Notes	Researcher It was required that this order be publicly announced in all synagogues and all public alleys/streets which was indeed done on June 5, 1775.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 9, 1775
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Bamberg: The Bambergischen Landen forbids Jews and Christians to bring a different kind of money to Bamberg and use
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	The Bambergischen Landen forbids Jews and Christians to bring a different kind of money to Bamberg and use. The so called 'Eilser' and the '4. Groschen' are the only coins allowed. Every person who is going to act against this decree will be punished.
5. Source	Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute Nov/Dec 2014.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Extract from resolution of the Bambergischen Landen, July 9, 1775.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 10, 1775
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“[Royal] Court Resolution” of Maria Theresa
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	[…] Secondly: According to the new General-Coin-Ordinance of May 26, 1746, Jews are not to purchase, trade or sell any gold or silver […] and the learning of the profession of goldsmith is to cease and be prohibited altogether [to them] in the future [… especially, on the countryside, with the exception of goldsmiths in cities like Brno as long as they continue their profession until the end of their life-time and do not take on any new apprentices …]. Thirdly: […] local Jews, who wish to trade with gold or silver, must attain a certificate or passport from the Moravian land-accessor (‘Landprobierer’) and the representative of the Main-Mint-Office (‘Hauptmünzamts-Repräsentanten’) which cannot be valid for more than a year […]. Without such certificate, all trade with gold and silver is to be completely prohibited to Jews and remain that way at the threat of punishments outlined by the [previously issued] patent.
5. Source	Schirek, Carl. Die Punzierung in Mähren. Gleichzeitig ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Goldschmidekunst. (Brünn; 1902); (Hallmarking in Moravia. At the same time, a contribution to the history of the art of goldsmithing.); (Brno; 1902)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This "Royal Resolution" was sent to the State-Mint-Accessor (‘Landes-Münzprobierer’) Depree and the Commerce-Commission (‘Commercien-Commission’) to be made public. In response, a Royal Court Decree was issued and published on July 28, 1775, by these government representatives of Maria Theresa.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 19, 1776
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are not to sell brandy on Sundays and [officially] commanded holydays before a church service or be faced with a serious fine/punishment/penalty ('Strafe'). […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 19, 1776
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order to the Chamber of Kurmarkt issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	The second children of Protected Jews are to be obliged [to dedicate their time] to exporting domestically manufactured goods.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 609.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 4, 1776
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Circular” issued via a "Royal Order” by the Electoral Chambers (‘Churmärkische Cammer’)
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	[…] the peddling of leather on the countryside is strictly prohibited to the Jewry in all of the royal states/domains and this prohibition is to be heeded in all seriousness […].
5. Source	Practische Beyträge zur Cameralwissenschaft für die Cameralisten in den preußischen Staaten; und besonders diejenigen, welche churmärkische Cameralsachen bearbeiten. Von Gustav August Heinrich Baron von Lamotte, königlich preußischem Kriegs- und Domainenrathe. Dritter Theil. (Practical Contribution tp the administrative-science of Cameralists* in the Prussian states, and especially, those that edit matters pertaining to cameralism in the Kurmark. By Gustav August Heinrich Baron von Lamotte, royal Prussian War- and Domain Council. Third part.); (Halle; 1785)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This above circular was issued in response to a royal order that was sent to the Electoral Chambers (‘Churmärkische Cammer’) to be forwarded to the Tax-Councils to be published and overseen. Cameralists were public administrative servants.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 1776
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Body Toll Tax for “Coin Jews” decree issued by the Court Chancellery to the “Bancodeputation*”
3. Geography of Act	Austria [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	"The 'Bancodeputation'* is as asked to order the 'toll booth owners' of Vienna (Linienwegmautinhabern) in response to the 'body toll lease' (Leibmautpachtung) and to hire a soldier for 17 Kreuzern to accompany Jews to the 'Toll Leasing Office' (Leibmautpachtungsamt) and to not let them leave without an exit permit issued by this very office."
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 425
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher *This office must have been related to the treasury office.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 16, 1776
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	The Jews Regulation issued by Maria Theresa of Austria concerning the Jews of Galicia
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews have to pay a toleration tax from now on, which all communities have to pay to the public treasury once a year. Because it is proper, that those, who enjoy the protection of the Prince Regnant shall contribute the general costs. […]
5. Source	Edicta et Mandata Universalia Regnis Galiciae et Lodomeriae, 1776 [Universal Edicts and Mandates of the Kingdoms of Galicia and Lodomeria 1776], page 101.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Poland and Ukraine

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 13, 1777
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	All border authorities and state/land/country administrative officers (‘Gränzobrigkeiten und Land- und Amtsreuter’) shall make sure (keep a watchful eye) that foreign, unescorted beggar-Jews and sick-Jews (‘Bettel- und kranke Juden’) are not allowed to come in across the border but that they are turned back.
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 8, 1777
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree on the circulation of non-conventional coins.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	The collection and expenditure of coins … issued beyond the prescribed value, and those … that appear in very light weights, are strictly prohibited. … any non-conventional money should only be accepted at its nominal value, that is, the amount which the state treasury or mint must compensate for with Conventional Thalers. … Jews are strictly prohibited from exchanging or trading any defective or bad coins under severe penalties.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen von 1771 mit 1800 ergangen sind [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances from 1771 to 1800]," Part 3, Franz Xaver Rienner, Wurzburg, 1801, p. 140, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 14, 1777
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Restrictions on the tolerance permissions” ordinance issued by Maria Theresa (signed personally)
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] in the future, no Jew […] is allowed to remain here without a written permission from me. I do not know of a more annoying pest […] than this nation, who through fraud, usury, money contracts, bring people into the state of beggary, and does things that other honest men would despise; that is why one is to stop and avoid them from now on as much as possible; a report of how many Jews live here and how many are added to the number and how many leave is to be turned in to me every quarter.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 425 ff.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 27, 1777
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by Frederick II, King of Prussia, for New Western Pomerania and Rügen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	1. No Jewish families shall be protected or tolerated except for those who have received a signed, special concession from the governor and the royal government. 2. Jews are only allowed to have the following professions: exchange trading; manufacturing, if a special privilege has been granted; moneylending at a maximum of 6% interest; trade in jewels, gold and silver, clocks, horses and cattle, fragrances and soap, old clothes and household utensils. 10. Jews shall not purchase or own any houses.
5. Source	Koch, Christian Friedrich. Die Juden im Preussischen Staate (The Jews in the State of Prussia). Baumann: Marienwerder (Prussia), 1833. Page 295.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 26, 1777
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery to the Magistrate at Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	The Jews, hereafter, retain their present freedom to elect their elders; however, they shall ensure that only those men are elected to the office of elder who are known for both honesty and fairness, as well as good moral character.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 235.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None