Acts – Page 93 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Pale of Settlement
3. Geography of Act	Russia
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) "Area established by the empress of Russia Catherine II that restricts Jews to live only in certain parts of the empire with very few exceptions." Beller, Steven: "The Virtual Jewish History Tour," Antisemitism: A Very Short Introduction: 28 Jump up; (2007)
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 2, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Renovator-Ordinance” (‘Renovator-Verordnung’) issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[The Ordinance of May 9, 1774, is renewed and] the Jews in this present country shall not take on/harbor (‘aufnehmen’) foreign vagabonds.
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 30, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews holding the proper passports/permits and their servants can continue to pursue their actual way of earning a living – peddling – as in the past; however, under the expressed condition that they must not -- under any circumstances and under severe punishment – come in (contact) with [any] jugs and houses where illness may rage (‘daß sie bey schwerer Strafe nicht in diejenigen Krüge und Häuser einkehren, worin Krankeiten grassieren’).
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 2, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Duke Adolphus Frederick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] 4) Since there has been a sufficient regulation issued regarding foreign Jews being found with other Jews or in taverns, [a regulation] which the Jews living in Fürstenberg are required to obey […] and since [it stipulates…] that a each Jew [living in Fürstenburg] is liable for any foreign Jew who is found with him/living with him/at his house (‘bey ihm sich aufhandelde fremde Jude einzustehen verbuden ist’); […] it is ordered that if a foreign Jew is found in the city, the host/innkeeper (‘Wirt’), at whose establishment in which the Jew lodges, must inform the courts immediately or face a fine of 5 Rthlr. [Reichstahler]. He is to stop Jews immediately and ask that they ID themselves. [If the Jew has the proper paperwork, he’s not to be bothered further…] If it’s a foreign Jew who is traveling through the country and can legitimize his presence with the necessary certificates/permits, he can be allowed a 24 hour stay (‘Aufenthalt’) […] If he requires a longer stay for whatever reasons, it must be approved by the Government in writing and he may not stay past the time noted in his permit […] or pay 5 Rthlr. [Reichstahler] for every day he overstays. A Jew staying longer than 24 hours shall pay the treasury (‘Fiscum Judicii’) 24 ßl. per day. However, if the Jew does not have any passport or any other documents [… and] proper permission to be in the land […] he’s to be taken to the nearest border and expelled from the city […] if it’s too late in the day, he’s to be given a place to stay overnight and expelled first thing in the morning. If such a Jew is found in the land, […] he is to be empathically and severely beaten/receive bodily punishment (‘’nachdrücklich, allenfalls am Leibe, zu bestrafen’). […].
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher A similar ordinance was issued on May 5, 1764.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 7, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” of Landgrave Friedrich of Hesse
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Landgraviate Hesse
4. Text of Act	By the grace of God, We, Friedrich, Landgrave of Hesse, Prince of Herzfeld, Earl of Catzenelnbogen, […] in addition to bestowing [upon you] Our grace, we are also letting you know herewith: Even though, the parliament-law of 1731 and […] 1739 and 1749, had attempted to curb/put an end -- not only to the immense disadvantage and ruin the increased/excessive arrival of the Jewry brings to Our other subjects […] but also the excessive abuse in peddling and usury […]. However, in an attempt to supplement these laws, these healthy ordinance were deviated from – and not only by the ordinance of August 24, 1751, which permitted peddling in the countryside where it was to be tolerated the least […] but also by the ordinance of October 12, 1751, which gave [hope] to the second Jewish son and the third and even the daughter for [possibly] being granted protection-letters which burdened the land with many additional Jewish families and opened the path for more to arrive day by day. […] That is why we order the following herewith: §1) As per the Jewish Ordinance of 1749, according to which no foreign Jew may be accepted/received in Our land […] and of the local Jews only the first son of the first marriage can be granted protection and only if they fulfill the requirements as per §3 of the aforementioned ordinance […] §2) Article §19 [which says] that Jew are prohibited to peddle outside of the annual markets, and that instead they are permitted to offer/sell their items in their inns/taverns or private houses (‘Wirths- und Privat-Häuser) is to be valid once and for all. §3) Furthermore, in order so that Jews do not commit illegal usury with fruits, as they have done up to now, and bring about an increase in prices, it is Our order that in times when the harvest is not great, and fruits are worth more than they normally are, they may not be sold above price or [they will] be confiscated. […] §4) They (Jews) may not keep any fruit hidden – may these be low or high in price – at the threat of the same punishment. […]
5. Source	Center for Jewish History; legal document: Fredrick, Landgraviate of Hesse, April 7, 1772.; www.cjh.org; Accessed online;
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 10, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Frankfurt: Reinforcing Edict of January 14, 1755 Forbidding Citizens and Jews to give any soldier anything else than is stated in the edict from January
3. Geography of Act	Germany
4. Text of Act	It came to our attention that the citizens and Jews of this city impinge against the decree released on January 14, 1755. Citizens and Jews of this city are lending clothes, beverages, food and other wares against taxes to the here working soldiers. By this the soldiers are not only driven to chagrin, they also run into debts and are therefore tempted to desert. Therefore it became necessary to warn all citizens and especially the Jews one last time to reread the edict released in January. This edict forbids to give any, soldier no matter of which level of command he is, anything else than is stated in the edict from January. Metrics and weights are not to be overstepped. Citizens and Jews are also not allowed to lend them money or similar wares. All lenders shall be rejected from the department of war without being given their taxes. But they have to receive a penalty for acting against this law. Conclusum in Senatum, Thursday, September 10, 1772.
5. Source	Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received Translation from Leo Baeck Institute 1/7/2015 NEED MORE INFORMATION (ITEM NAME - PAGE # - RESEARCHER/DATE)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 13, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§1 of Law 13.865 imposing a standard rate of taxation upon Jewish people regardless of occupation or social status.
3. Geography of Act	Russian Empire
4. Text of Act	From the Jews … a per capita tax of one ruble for each.
5. Source	“Complete Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire, Since 1649,” Volume 19, 1770-1770, Saint Petersburg, 1830, p. 571, available from prlib.ru.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The text of this Act is available in Russian in the source above. Translator It was translated into English using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 15, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jewish Ordinance” (“Judenordnung”) issued by Augustus II
3. Geography of Act	Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	[…] the Jews are neither to be permitted to build a synagogue nor to have a specific place for the public/communal performance of their Jewish ceremonies, but rather, each Jewish head of the household ('Hausvater') is to carry out such (prayer) with his own (family) as quietly as possible. […] Jews who fail to submit the personal tax by the set date are to be expelled. […]
5. Source	Landtags-Acten von den Jahren 1836-1837. Beilagen zu den Protocollen der ersten Kammer. Erste Sammlung (“Parliamentary Files of the Years 1836-1837. Supplements for the Protocols of the First Chamber, First Collection/Volume I”); (Dresden)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 16, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	§8 of Title I of the Landescostitution [Land Constitution] of Bayreuth
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Bayreuth
4. Text of Act	Since from now on it has been observed that Jews often engage in transactions with Christians, particularly with simple country folk, in buying, selling, exchanging, lending, pawning, and other contracts, leading frequently to serious losses; we therefore decree that any contracts established between Christians and Jews, when they are individually or repeatedly valued at more than twenty guilders in Franconian currency, must always be reported to Our officials with the appropriate documentation in the protocol. Otherwise, they shall be invalid and shall not create any binding obligations on the part of the Christians.
5. Source	“Landescostitution, 1772 [Land Constitution, 1772],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 207-216, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com.

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1772
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order by the Municipal officers prohibiting Jews to trade in the city of Blois.
3. Geography of Act	France
4. Text of Act	We Mayor, Aldermen and Council members forming the municipal body of the city of Blois, (…) make Jews prohibited to trade sell and debit goods and to make any commerce in this city, under punishment of confiscation and a fine of a thousand pounds.
5. Source	Les métiers de Blois. Documents recueillis et publiés par Alfred Bourgeois" SOCIÉTÉ DES SCIENCES ET LETTRES DE LOIR-ET-CHER. Documents recueillis et publiés PAR Alfred BOURGEOIS Archiviste de Loir-et-Cher Vice- Président de la Société des Sciences et. Lettres TOME l. GRANDE IMPRIMERIE DE BLOIS 2, rue Haute. MD CCCLX XXXII (The trades of Blois. Documents collected and published by Alfred Bourgeois "SOCIETY OF SCIENCES AND LETTERS OF LOIR-ET-CHER" Documents collected and published by Alfred BOURGEOIS Archivist of Loir-et-Cher Vice-President of the Society of Sciences and Letters TOME I. GREAT PRINTING DE BLOIS 2 High Street MD CCCLX XXXII); 5/27/19
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 6, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Marriage Ordinance” issued by Joseph II/Maria Theresa
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Because of the many untimely Jewish marriages, Jews are prohibited [henceforth] to get married without having registered [and received permission]. This includes those who do not have the means to make a living; they shall leave from here.
5. Source	Bulletin der Polnischen Historistischen Mission. Institute für jüdische Geschichte Österreichs, St. Pölten. Galizische Judengemeinden unter Maria Teresia und Joseph II. (“Bulletin of the Polish Historical Mission. Institute for Jewish History of Austria, St. Pölten. Galician Jewish communities under Maria Theresa and Joseph II.”)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher Vom wegen dem unzeitig vielfaltigen jüdischen Heurathen wird den Juden ohne sich zu melden alles heurathen verboten. Dabey auch diejenigen, so keine Mittel zu leben haben, sich von dannen hinweg begeben sollen.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 8, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Regulation on Marriage for Jews issued by the Government of Galicia
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] It is prohibited to all Jews to get married, whether inside or outside the cordon, without prior obtaining permission from the government and having paid the imposed tax. In case of violation all assets will be confiscated or a corporal punishment will be imposed.
5. Source	Edicta et Mandata Universalia Regnis Galiciae et Lodomeriae, Rozkazy yUstawy Powszechne Krolestwom Galicyi y Lodomeryi Ogloszone. AB 1773-74 [Universal Edicts and Mandates of the Kingdoms of Galicia and Lodomeria 1773-1774], page 44.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Poland and Ukraine

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 15, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree on the additional taxes owed by the Jewish community.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	The additional taxes on the marriage property of those Jews who leave the country are to be claimed in the future … paid in cash … [and reported to the Court] Chamber.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen von 1771 mit 1800 ergangen sind [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances from 1771 to 1800]," Part 3, Franz Xaver Rienner, Wurzburg, 1801, p. 52, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The collection of this additional tax was authorized for a further six years under a decree issued on Jan. 3, 1774. In a decree issued on July 1, 1780, the additional tax was authorized for a further three years. See the above source, p. 61 for the 1774 decree and p. 127 for the 1780 law. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	May 10, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree reiterating the prohibition of Jewish trade on Sundays and holidays.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
4. Text of Act	We have now received the very unpleasant information that here and there in the Princely Bishopric the Jews are engaging in trade and commerce on Sundays and holidays, to the greatest annoyance; This criminal undertaking, however, was already strictly prohibited by the decree of June 6th, 1744, which was published in print because of the desecration of the Sabbath. We therefore adhere to this decree and hereby order, firstly, that the provisions contained therein, sections 12 and 13, concerning the prohibition of trade and behavior by Jews on Sundays and holidays under penalty of law, be observed more strictly than has previously been the case here and there, according to reports received, and that the authorities should continue to monitor cases of contravention as strictly as possible.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1770 bis 1787 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1770 to 1787],” Part 4, Bevern, 1788, p. 194, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The decree of June 6, 1744, is available in German in: “Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Speierischen Gesetze und Landesverordnungen vom Jahr 1743 bis 1770 [Collection of the High Princely Speyer Laws and State Ordinances from 1770 to 1787],” Part 3, Bevern, 1788, pp. 25-30, available from archive.org. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 5, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Resale of Sheep’s Wool,” royal resolution issued by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	The purchase of sheep’s wool by Jews with the intent of reselling, rampant across the land, is to cease completely and under penalty of confiscation.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 422. Accessed online.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 27, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition for Jews to purchase 'property' [land] Royal Ordinance in response to a report by the highest judicial authority”
3. Geography of Act	Archdukedom of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	All purchasing [of property] by Jews and non-Catholics, […] are to be prevented with more accuracy. […]
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 422.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This ordinance was issued in response to a Jew purchasing a garden.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 7, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Archbishop of Mainz
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Regarding the local Jewry and their walks on Sundays and holidays, it is hereby ordered that on those days, Jews shall be prohibited from frequently walking to and fro all across the city, as well as across the bridges and public walkways. However, those departing from the city, as well as those in need of a doctor, barber or pharmacy shall be allowed to come and go, as needed for that purpose.
5. Source	Schaab, Carl Anton. Diplomatische Geschichte der Juden zu Mainz und dessen Umgebung, mit Berücksichtigung ihres Rechtszustandes in den verschiedenen Epochen (Diplomatic History of the Jews in Mainz and its surroundings, under consideration of their legal situation across the various epochs). Zabern: Mainz, 1855. Page 402.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 30, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Protection Order for the Jewish community, issued by Maximilian Friedrich, Bishop of Münster
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Münster
4. Text of Act	The general protection order for the Münster Jewish community, which expired on January 1st, is renewed by the state for a further 10 years,… with the additional provisions: that the state-confirmed rabbi must always be resident in the country and must watch over the disorder of insignificant Jewish schoolmasters who do not do business; that the employment of such private teachers should not exempt the contribution to the maintenance of the common schoolmaster; that the Jews who move in with state protection to replace the Jews who have left must pay at least 500 thalers and must possess property.
5. Source	“Sammlung der Gesetze und Verordnungen welche in dem Königlich Preussischen Erbfürstenhume Münster … vom 1763 bis 1802 [Collection of Laws and Regulations in the Royal Prussian Hereditary Princely Estate of Münster … from 1763 to 1802],” Volume 2, Münster, 1842, p. 207, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 15, 1773
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Government of Marburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
4. Text of Act	[…] 4) In order that debtor […] are not required to pay excessive interests (‘Douceurs’) as it has been done by the Jews until now […] We wish to set the rate of interest (‘Mäckelgeld’) at 2 per cent which we have decided and order herewith […] anyone who has the audacity to take too much from a debtor is to return the overcharged amount to him and pay the same amount to the local orphanage. […]
5. Source	Neue Sammlung der Landes-Ordnungen, Ausschreiben und anderen allgemeinen Verfügungen, welche bis zum Ende des Oktobers 1806 für die Gebietstheile Kurhessens ergangen sind. Vierter Band. Jahre 1785 bis 1806 einschlieslich. (“New collection of state/country ordinances, announcements, and other general regulations/decrees which have been issued for the territories of Kur-Hesse until the end of October 1806 inclusive.”);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 3, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree authorizing the collection of additional taxes from the Jewish community.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	The officials were informed that the additional tax on the marriage property of the Jews was leased to them for a period of six years, and that each case was to be reported to the Court Chamber.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen von 1771 mit 1800 ergangen sind [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances from 1771 to 1800]," Part 3, Franz Xaver Rienner, Wurzburg, 1801, p. 61, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher The collection of this additional tax was initially authorized in a decree dated April 15, 1773. In a decree issued on July 1, 1780, the additional tax was authorized for a further three years. See the above source, p. 52 for the 1773 decree and p. 127 for the 1780 decree. Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 24, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Rescript, issued by the Danish Chancellery, to the magistrates and the chief of police in Copenhagen
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Denmark
4. Text of Act	Regarding the procedure for foreign and roaming Jews and Jewesses (to prevent such Jews from straying): The foreign, roaming Jews and Jewesses who cannot prove their official authorization to be in Denmark, shall be returned to their origin, at the expense of the Jewish nation. And, if the magistrate there considers it useful that the officer of the Jewish community, tasked with the search for foreign Jews, should not depend upon the elders alone; then the King ordains that this officer must neither be appointed nor dismissed without the consent of the chief of police, and used by the chief as a deputy from the Jewish nation, which is why he shall be paid by the police department, out of fines collected.
5. Source	Cohen, Asser Daniel. De Mosaiske troesbekjenderes stilling i Danmark forhen og nu: historisk fremstillet i et tidsløb af naesten 200 aar, tilligemed alle lovsteder og offentlige foranstaltninger dem angaande, som ere udkomne fra 1651 til 1836. (The position of the Mosaic believers in Denmark, before and now: historically produced over a period of nearly 200 years, as well as all laws and public measures relating to the same which were published from 1651 to 1836). Forfatterens: Odense (Denmark), 1837. Page 35.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 6, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Cabinet’s order addressed to the General Director of the Justice Department
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	Jewish elders are to be held accountable for fraudulent bankruptcies too, if they failed to prevent them.
5. Source	Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden, Dritter Teil, 2. Akten, 1. Halbband (The Prussian State and the Jews) (1971) Page 570.
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 28, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Wholesale Privilege for Jews” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] it is permitted that wholesale permits – for businesses that are in good standing – can not only be taken over by the widows but also by the descendants of the deceased; the latter, however, are to report to the authorities to obtain permission of the ‘highest order’ in each case […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 2, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” of the Senate of the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Nuremberg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	After the attempts of the highly-commendable [City] Council of the Holy Roman City Nurnberg […] to mitigate the illegal usury and fraud of Jews on numerous occasions [… have failed …] we have found it necessary to issue a renewed ordinance regarding Jewish-usury […] and do not permit any local citizen to accept a [debt] from a Jew [… and to only accept those from authorized businessmen and tradesmen …] Jews are to especially refrain from loaning money to minor, seniors and those who are under the power of a guardianship or inexperienced citizens without the knowledge and permission of the local authorities [… or to do this …] among themselves outside of the cattle-markets that are permitted to them […] any such contract entered into in the future shall be considered unlawful and void. […]
5. Source	Johann Jacob Mosers Königlich-Dänischen Statsraths, Zusätze in seinem neuen Teutschen Staatsrecht; drinn, nebst vilen ungedruckten, zum Theil sehr wichtigen, Urkunden und Nachrichten, von allen neusten bekannten Deutschen (allgemeinen und besonderen,) Staatsangelegenheiten hinlänglicher Bericht ertheilet wird. Dritter und lezter Band. (Frankfurt und Leipzig; 1782); (Johann Jacob Moser’s Royal-Danish City Council, addition to his new German constitutional law; includes along with numerous unpublished documents and news, a sufficient report of the latest known German (general and special) state affairs. Third and last volume.) (Frankfurt and Leipzig; 1782);
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 20, 1774
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ad Mandatum (‘the mandate’)” issued by King Frederick of Prussia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Prussia
4. Text of Act	Frederick, King of Prussia […] since our experience has shown repeatedly that Jews who have converted to the Christian religion have done so not necessarily motivated by pure intentions and drive, but rather in order to achieve an end result, that is why We have deigned to command [the following]: that no Jew may be admitted to a class/lecture regarding the Christian religion until true proof/news of his irreproachable conversion has been established and credible written attestations have been submitted. You will all be obediently paying attention to this […] To all governments and spiritual/clerical colleagues. […].
5. Source	Sammlung Preußischer Gesetze und Verordnungen welche auf die allgemeine Deposital-, Hypotheken, Gerichts-, Criminal- und Städte-Ordnung, and das allgemeine Landrecht, auf den Anhang zum allgemeinen Landrechte und zur allgemeinen Gerichtsordnung, and die landschaftlichen Credit-Reglements und auf Provinzial- und Statutar-Rechte Bezug haben, nach der Zeitfolge geordnet von Carl Ludwig Heinrich Rabe, Domainen-Cammer-Director Sr. königlichen Hoheit des Prinzen August von Preußen des St. Johanniter-Ordens der ehemaligen Ballet Brandenburg Regierungs-Rath, Erb- und Gerichtsherr auf Carmzow, Stahmehl, Hedwigsdorff und Friedeberg. Erster Band. Sechste Abtheilung. Enthaltend die Jahre 1774 bis 1781. (Collection of Prussian laws and ordinances which pertain to general depository, mortgage, legal, criminal, and city regulations, and general land laws, (all the way) to the appendix to the common local/land laws and general court ordinances, and the credit regulations regarding farmers/agriculture as well as provincial and statutes, listed chronologically by Carl Ludwig Heinrich Rabe, Director of Domain Chamber of His royal majesty, Prince August of Prussia of the St. Johanniter-Order of the Ballot of Brandenburg, governmental council, Heritage/Heir Court-Judge for Carmzow, Strahmehl, Hedwigshoff und Friedeberg. First Volume. Sixth Division. Includes the years 1774 to 1781.); (Halle; 1822)
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	Researcher This mandate was published in a circular.