Acts – Page 97 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 11, 1784
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“The building of a Jewish temple is denied” […] decree issued by the Court Chancellery to the Lower-Austrian Government”
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] that the Jews of Vienna should not be permitted to build a new temple or to hire an actual Rabbi. […]
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; (Documents and files on the history of Jews in Vienna) p. 528.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 26, 1784
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Publication/Order” issued by the [City] Council of Riga
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Latvia
4. Text of Act	[It has come to the attention of the (City) Council that residents in the suburbs are offering accommodations to Jews against previously issued ordinances instead of referring them to the Jewish-hostel … ]. That is why the highly-noble Council orders all the residents in the suburbs herewith again in all earnestness not welcome any arriving and departing Jews in their homes or to offer them any accommodation under any circumstances, but to rather refer them to the Jewish-hostel […] and those who violate this order of the authorities, and are caught, shall be fined 100 Rthlr [Reichsthaler] as per §4 of the Jewish-ordinance without exception […]
5. Source	Buchholz, Anton: Geschichte der Juden in Riga bis zur Begründung der Rigischen Hebräergemeinde im J. 1842. Herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. (History of the Jews in Riga until the foundation of the Hebrew community of Riga in the year 1842. Published by the Society for History and Antiquity of the Baltic-See provinces of Russia.); (Riga; 1899);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 3, 1784
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] in regards to the synagogue and the Rabbi for the Viennese Jews, the previously issued constitution is to remain valid.
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.) (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This decree was issued in response to requests of the Jewry to be permitted to create a prayer-house; however, since it was determined that there are no more than 65 Jewish families and a total of 504 Jewish individuals living in Vienna, this request was denied and the prohibition for Jews to build a synagogue was confirmed and reissued.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 2, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Decree” of the Royal Chancellery
3. Geography of Act	House of Habsburg-Lorraine; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	In order that the Jews, who eagerly occupy themselves with silly devil-banishments and such things, are not further fed in their fallacies through new writings and [… and so that] their education and elucidation/enlightenment isn’t delayed or even completely prevented, that is why in the future, all books that may contain such inconsistencies (‘Ungereimheiten’) may they be in the local language or in Jewish or Hebrew [shall be prohibited…] and [future] printing [of these writings] are to be prohibited with ‘Typum non meretur’ (not deserving of print).
5. Source	Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1156-1876) von G. Wolf. (Wien, 1876); (History of Jews in Vienna by G. Wolf); (Vienna; 1876)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 17, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Government of Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg/Holy Roman Empire
4. Text of Act	It has been reported [to us] that various Jews roam/run around (‘umherlaufen’) and pose as servants of protected Jews (‘Schutzjuden’) who in turn charge these vagabonds a certain annual fee and obtain passports from the authorities for them under the pretense that they work for them. However, since such protected Jews are in no way permitted to send around their servants to do all sorts of unknown trades in their district, much less in the neighboring ones […] that is why the local authorities are to keep a close eye on such Jews […] and to have them arrested along with any goods they may have on them — regardless of any passports/permits they may have connived to get — and to report [such incidences]. At the same time, all protected Jews are to be forewarned that they should not get involved in such activities in the future or lose their own protection.
5. Source	Sammlung der Verordnungen und Ausschreiben welche für sämmtliche Provinzen des Hannoverschen Staats, jedoch was den Calenbergischen, Lüneburgischen, und Bremen- und Verdenschen Theil betrifft, seit dem Schlusse in denselben vorhandenen Gesetzessammlungen bis zur Zeit der feindlichen Usurpation ergangen sind. Mit Genehmigung des Königl. Cabinets-Ministerii herausgegeben von Ernst Spangenberg, Dr. beider Rechte und köngl. Großbritannisch, honnoverschem Hof- und Canzley-Rathe in der Justiz-Canzley zu Zelle. Dritter Theil, bis Jahre 1780 bis 1799 enthaltend. (“Collection of ordinances and decrees that apply to all provinces of the state of Hannover, however, as far as Calenberg, Lüneburg, Bremen, and Verden are concerned, it contains a collection of laws until the conclusion of the aforementioned [places] by the hostile usurpation. Published by Ernst Spangenberg, PhD. of both laws and royal, Britisch Hanoverian Court and Legal Council in the Justice Office in Zelle, with the permission of the royal Cabinet-Ministers. Third Volume until [from] 1780 until 1799 inclusive.”); (Hannover; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	Researcher *Schutzjude (‘Schutzjuden pl.) were Jews who were given special permits to travel and/or settle in the land in which the permit was valid.

1. Full Date of Act	May 23, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Official Royal Court Announcement” (‘Hofbescheid’) issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	The Chief-Police-Authority/Directive (‘Polizeioberdirection’) is to be notified immediately and every time a whole-sale license or any other permit is granted to Israelis […]
5. Source	Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, von Chrysostomus Fauller, k. k. Polizei-Beamten. Zweiter Band. (Wien; 1828); (Laws, Ordinances, and Regulations for the Police-Administration in the Austrian Empire. Published between the years 1740 – 1825 and Arranged in alphabetical-chronological order with special consideration to Lower Austria by Chrysostomus Fauller, r[oyal] i[mperial] Police Officials/Authorities/Officers. Second Volume.); (Vienna; 1828)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 28, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” ('Hofdecret') issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] The jurisdiction of Jewish courts cannot […] be maintained/exist in any way, and therefore, all Jews are subject to local jurisdiction without further ado. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher This decree was issued on May 28 and made public on June 7, 1785, in Austria.

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 2, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court Decree, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Israelite books filled with exorcisms are to be prohibited from being printed.
5. Source	Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 274.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 29, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Even though in Bohemian and Austrian hereditary lands, Jews are generally excluded from the purchase of state-owned or other public buildings; nevertheless, His Majesty has allowed to make an exception to this rule, in places where Jews are already tolerated: when, in particular, a wealthy Jew wishes to utilize such a building for the operation of a necessary and useful factory and finds himself able to undertake such a business; whereas, at the same time, it is ordered that in every single occurrence of this kind, confirmation of the pending sale must be obtained from the highest authorities.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 382.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 16, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Order, “For the purpose of limiting the number of protected-Jews” issued by Frederick Francis I, Duke of Mecklenburg
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany; Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act	Frederick Francis, Duke of Mecklenburg […] The number of privileged-Jews in this and other cities has increased so drastically due to the willingness of landlords/territorial lords to admit these strangers (‘Fremdlinge’) [into their domains], so that they are now beginning to not only be hinder-some and a burden to each other in their ability to make a living, but also to their Christian co-inhabitants. In order that this does not lead to complaints and legal action, We have come to the firm decision not to issue any new letters of protection to Jews in the future, until a number of the current protected-Jews have died off and have made it possible (made room) for their co-religionists to settle down and to pursue a trade. This, Our opinion and will, we let be known publicly to be minded […]
5. Source	Sammlung aller für das Großherzogthum Mecklenburg-Schwerin gültigen Landes-Gesetze von den ältesten Zeiten bis zu Ende des Jahres 1834. Vierter Band. Kirchen- und Schulgesetze. (Collection of all state laws issued in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from the earliest times to the end of 1834. 4th Volume. Church and school laws.); (Wismar; 1836);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 2, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition to print certain books” decree issued by the Court Chancellery to the Lower-Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	In order that Jews, who seem to concern themselves eagerly with silly ‘devil banning’ (Teufelbaneryen) and other similar things, are not fed in their misconceptions, and so their enlightenment is not delayed or altogether stunned, the printing of all books, which contain such inconsistencies – no matter whether they are written in the national language, or in […] Hebrew – is prohibited henceforth.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 554.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 9, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Judenordnung (Jewish Regulation), Issued by Johann Alons, Prince of Dettingen-Spielberg.
3. Geography of Act	Principality of Dettingen-Spielberg
4. Text of Act	Art. 9. In future, no Jew shall be allowed to live in our princely lands without a letter of protection … Art. 13. From those who live in such a place where the main right has been established … Jewish household members shall pay the following taxes: Those whose property is valued at less than 500 florins shall pay 5 florins. Those with property valued between 500 and 1000 florins shall pay 10 florins. Those whose property is valued at 1000 florins or more shall pay 15 florins. … Art. 15. Each of our protected Jews shall pay the appropriate —and relevant protection money annually. We will, however, in accordance with their most humble requests, graciously reduce the annual protection money for the future and divide it into five classes in such a way that for the local Jews the first class will be 12 fl., the second 8 fl., the third 6 fl., the fourth 4 fl. and the fifth or poor class 1 fl.
5. Source	“Judenordnung, 1785 [Jewish Regulation, 1785],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 514-530, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 16, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] Foreign as well as all other Jews are prohibited from peddling in Vienna and on the countryside altogether or face confiscation of goods/merchandize. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 22, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] The tolerated Jews should gradually be introduced/initiated to the business-sectors (‘Nahrungszweige’) that have been extended to them, and [in doing] so, be made useful to the state, […] especially, the morality of their character should be improved by means of a [proper] school instruction. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Researcher Reissued as a governmental decree on April 4, 1786.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinances Regarding Jews” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	1) Since […] Jews tend to bury their dead while their bodies are still warm [and] in order to put and end to this violation [of a previous ordinance] it is generally ordered that before two times 24 hours (= 48 hours) have passed, no Jew nor Christian (except in special cases of extraordinary illness) shall be buried. The local authorities (‘Kreisämter’) are to oversee and enforce this and violators shall be required to pay an appropriate fine according to their wealth.
5. Source	Oesterreichs Staatsverfassung vereinbart mit den zusammengezogenen bestehenden Gesetzen, zum Gebrauche der Staatsbeamten, Advokaten, Dekonomen, Obrigkeiten, Magistrate, Geistliche, Bürger und Bauern, zum Unterricht, für angehende Geschäftsmänner von Joseph Kropatschek, k. k. wirk. Hofkonzipisten, und öffentlichen Lehrer der Gesetzkunde und Kreisamtspraxis bei der k. k. Arzieren Leibgarde galizischer Abteilung. Zweiter Band. (Wien); (Austria’s state constitution united and merged with existing laws, for use by civil servants, lawyers, clergymen, magistrates, local-authorities, citizens, and peasants, for class [purpose of teaching], for budding businessmen by Joseph Kropatschek, r[oyal] i[imperil] Conceptionist and public teacher of law and a praxis/office at the Kreisamt [state offices] in the department of the r[oyal] i[imperil] […] Royal Guard of Galicia. Second Volume. (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Czech Republic Researcher This Royal Court decree (‘Hofdecret’) was made public on the 19th in Moravia; in Bohemia on the 23rd; and in Galicia on May 2, 1786. While the text prohibits this practice to Jews and Christians, other similar regulations were also aimed specifically at Jewish customs.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 15, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“The Attending of School as Requirement to Receive Permission to Marry” decree of the Court Chancellery on behalf of the Kaiser to all county authorities (Länderstellen) with the exception of Galicia
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	His Majesty have decided that those Jew, who are not able to show proof of having attended regular classes (Normalunterricht)*, are not to receive permission to get married. […] since this [law] is now effective everywhere where Jews live, it is to be published in all the county offices and made especially known to Jewish leaders – including in all of the Bohemian and Austrian inherited lands. With this, you the Lower-Austrian government, have been notified that no Jew is to be granted permission to get married in the future, if they are not able to show proof that they attended regular school, and that henceforth, all Jews under the age of 16 are to attend [this kind of] school.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 577.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Czech Republic Researcher On August 8, 1786, Duke Kollowrat – the actual author of this decree – issues an amendment to the law in which he clarifies that this mandatory schooling is to be from the age of 6-12.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 28, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	All Jews who are under the age of 16 are to be required to attend regular (‘Normal’) school. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary

1. Full Date of Act	May 1, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	In the future, no Jew is to be awarded a wedding license, unless he can properly document the regular education received at a normal school; in addition, all Jews below the age of sixteen shall be directed toward this kind of school attendance.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H]. Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 56.)
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	May 26, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” of the Austria Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 36) […] all outside/foreign Jews – as well as all local Jews who apply for tolerance [permits] that exceed the pre-determined number [of tolerated Jews] are to be turned down. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 21, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	"Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	No Jew in Altstrelitz is to rent to another or be punished; but each is to make an effort to find his own quarters in such a way that rents are not driven any higher.
5. Source	Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 3, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued in Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Since one has discovered incomprehensible abuse among the Jewish Nation in terms of the preservation of human life, [by which] the dead were buried the same day – often only a few hours after death – a practice which is an evil interpretation of their laws and is only based on a certain kind of superstition – which could have harrowing consequences, […] that is why no Jew can be buried before 48 hours have passed, and if an extra-ordinary case makes this necessary, an exact examination by the legal-chief-physician (‘Kreisphysikus’) must occur first. The local authorities (‘Kreisämter’) must not only inform all the authorities (‘Obrigkeiten’) but also oversee this prohibition so that it is observed at all times and that it’s not violated under inconsequential pretexts.
5. Source	Oesterreichs Staatsverfassung vereinbart mit den zusammengezogenen bestehenden Gesetzen, zum Gebrauche der Staatsbeamten, Advokaten, Dekonomen, Obrigkeiten, Magistrate Geistliche, Bürger und Bauern, zum Unterricht, für angehende Geschäftsmänner von Joseph Kropatschek, k. k. wirk. Hofkonzipisten, und öffentlichen Lehrer der Gesetzkunde und Kreisamtspraxis bei der k. k. Arzieren Leibgarde gallizischer Abteilung. Zweiter Band. (Wien); ("Austria’s state constitution united and merged with existing laws, for use by civil servants, lawyers, clergymen, magistrates, local-authorities, citizens, and peasants, for class [purpose of teaching], for budding businessmen by Joseph Kropatschek, r[oyal] i[imperil] Conceptionist and public teacher of law and a praxis/office at the Kreisamt [state offices] in the department of the r[oyal] i[imperil] […] Royal Guard of Galicia. Second Volume."); (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2013
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 14, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Gubernatorial Ordinance” (‘Gubernialverordnung’) for Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Firstly: Since Jews live together in large families, and since a dead body lying there for 48 hours could start to rot and cause infections; and secondly, [because] they are prohibited to bury their dead on the Sabbath or other holy day, which would mean that the dead would remain unburied past the determined time […] In order to avoid such cases, it is permitted that the deadline can be shortened to in certain places where […] where the local-chief-physician (‘Kreisphysikus’), or in his absence, the closest state-wound-doctor (‘Landwundarzt’) can be called (and consulted) [regarding on the cause of death etc.]. However, it goes without saying that all abuse is to be restricted and [this exception is] only to be applied, if there exist real danger and if the certificate of a wound-doctor (‘Wundarztes’) requiring a quick burial is presented to the authorities.
5. Source	Oesterreichs Staatsverfassung vereinbart mit den zusammengezogenen bestehenden Gesetzen, zum Gebrauche der Staatsbeamten, Advokaten, Dekonomen, Obrigkeiten, Magistrate Geistliche, Bürger und Bauern, zum Unterricht, für angehende Geschäftsmänner von Joseph Kropatschek, k. k. wirk. Hofkonzipisten, und öffentlichen Lehrer der Gesetzkunde und Kreisamtspraxis bei der k. k. Arzieren Leibgarde gallizischer Abteilung. Zweiter Band. (Wien); (Austria’s state constitution united and merged with existing laws, for use by civil servants, lawyers, clergymen, magistrates, local-authorities, citizens, and peasants, for class [purpose of teaching], for budding businessmen by Joseph Kropatschek, r[oyal] i[imperil] Conceptionist and public teacher of law and a praxis/office at the Kreisamt [state offices] in the department of the r[oyal] i[imperil] […] Royal Guard of Galicia. Second Volume. (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2013
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Sep. 21, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian government
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	Jewish tobacco-traffickers/traders (‘Tabak-Trafikanten’) are strictly prohibited to trade with any other items/merchandize [except tobacco] or face confiscation [of the items].
5. Source	Polizeyliche Gesetzkunde für das Königreich Böhmen; enthaltend sämmtliche bis Ende 1828 für Böhmen ergangene Polizey- und sonstige hierauf Bezug nehmende Gesetze und Anordnungen, nach bestimmten Schlagwörtern alphabetisch geordnet. Von Vinzenz Schahay, k. k. Polizeybeamten. (Prag; 1830); (System of Policing laws for the Kingdom of Bohemia; contains all policing laws issued for Bohemia until the end of 1828, as well as other related laws and orders, arranged alphabetically and according to specific keywords. By Vinzenz Schahay, r[oyal] i[mperial] police officer.); (Prague; 1830)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 16, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court-Decree, issued by Francis II, King of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Special permission for Jews, to buy Christian houses, is not commonly granted, and in every case, the local government shall submit, after investigating all aspects of the proposed purchase, a report on these aspects, as well as a recommendation on whether the purchase should be granted or not.
5. Source	Ebersberg, J.S. (ed.). Österreichischer Zuschauer. Jahrgang 1853. Zweiter Band (Austrian Spectator. 1853, Vol. 2). Ueberreuter: Vienna, 1853. Page 1466.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 11, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Salt Trade” decree of the Court (“Hofdekret”)
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act	The salt trade is prohibited to all Jews, […].
5. Source	Kostentzky: Dominik: System der politischen Gesetze Böhmens zum bequemen Gebrauch für den Geschäfts- und Privatmann (“System of the Political Laws of Bohemia for the Business and Private Man”); (Prague; 1820)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None