Acts – Page 98 – OAJA.org

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 4, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court Decree, issued by the government of Emperor Joseph II, for Galicia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Present-day Ukraine
4. Text of Act	The widows left behind by Jewish taverners have no claim to the liquor-dispensing license of the deceased.
5. Source	Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.) Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 528.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 19, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	House of Habsburg-Lorraine
4. Text of Act	The current laws, which exclude the Jewry from all trade with salt, are to remain in effect.
5. Source	Sammlung der Gesetze welche unter der glorreichsten Regierung Kaisers Franz des II in den sämtlichen k. k. Erblanden erschienen sind, in einer Chronologischer Ordnung vom Joseph Kropatschek k.k. wirkl. Hof-Secretär und auswärtig korrespondierenden Mitgliede der k. k. Oekonomisch patriotischen Gesellschaft im Königreich Böhmen. Treyundzwanzigster Band enthält den Jahresgang 1807; (Wien); (Collection of law which were appeared under the most glorious reign of emperor Francis II in all the hereditary lands in chronological order by Joseph Kropatschek, true r[oyal] i[mperial] secretary and foreign corresponding member of the r[oyal] i[mperial] economic, patriotic society in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Twenty-third volume contains the year 1807); (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This Royal Court Decree was made public on March 5, 1787. Excerpt from a book in the Austrian National Library.

1. Full Date of Act	Mar. 12, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree regulating pawn and loan businesses, enforced in all Prussian states, issued by King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia.
3. Geography of Act	Prussia
4. Text of Act	§. 13. A pawnbroker who is not a Jew and who knowingly has accepted a stolen item as collateral shall, like the thieves who steal stolen goods, be punished according to the criminal law and shall be forever incapable of further conducting pawn transactions. … §. 16. If a Jewish pawnbroker knowingly has accepted stolen items as collateral, he shall be declared to have lost his letter of protection and shall be expelled from the country along with his family. … §. 18. If such a Jewish pawnbroker is unable to return the collateral to the owner himself or, failing that, to ascertain its full value, the local Jews are obliged to compensate the owner for this value and the costs incurred in the matter.
5. Source	W.G. von der Heyde, “Repertorium Der Polizeigesetze und Verordnungen in Den Königlich Preußischen Staaten [Repertory of Police Laws and Regulations in the Royal Prussian States],” Vol. 1, Halle, 1819, p. 131-132, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 10, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	House of Habsburg-Lorraine
4. Text of Act	Via the ordinance issued on the highest order of August 5, 1727, March 27, 1736, and 1st fall-month of 1740 […] Jews have been prohibited to engage in any salt-trade […]. However, since these ordinances which were published long ago may no longer be remembered by the authorities, these are announced to the local-authorities (‘Kreisämter’) for re-publication herewith to save the authorities of any harm/loss.
5. Source	Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II für die K. k. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischen Verbindung; enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Dreizehnter Band. (Wien; 1789); (“Handbook of all under the reign of Emperor Joseph II issued ordinances and laws in the r[oyal] i[mperial] hereditary lands in systematic order/connection; contains the regulations and laws of 1787. Thirteenth volume."); (Vienna; 1789)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2013
8. Notes	Researcher This prohibition was made public in Bohemia on April 26, 1787.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 16, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court decree, issued by Emperor Joseph II for Galicia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Present-day Ukraine
4. Text of Act	To prevent circumventions of the law that allows Jews to build only houses made from hard materials, Jews shall be prohibited from buying houses that are in Christian hands, if the same are not built from hard materials.
5. Source	Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.) Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 533.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher This decree was promulgated in Galicia on May 3, 1787.

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 17, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Burial of the Dead,” decree issued by the government of Lower Austria
3. Geography of Act	Austria
4. Text of Act	Jews may bury their dead only after 48 hours have passed since the time of death; exceptions may be issued only in the case of highly contagious diseases. Violators are to be fined appropriately by the police.
5. Source	Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 582. Accessed online.
6. Translator	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 23, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Burial Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	The mischief, that the Jews use to bury their dead before the bodies are completely cold, shall generally be abolished, and the county offices shall make it known: that before two times 24 hours no Jew, except in the special case of a highly contagious disease, shall be buried; otherwise, any violators shall be subjected to an administrative fine that is appropriate to their greater or smaller wealth.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Erster Band von A – D (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume I from A – D). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 244.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Apr. 26, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance, issued by the Imperial Government of Upper Austria
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Before two times 24 hours, no Jew, except in the case of highly contagious disease, shall be buried. Transgressors shall be fined according to their financial circumstances.
5. Source	“Allerhöchste Verordnung [Top-Level Ordinance],” 4/26/1787; Decrees Collection; AR 379; Box 1; Folder 108 a.; Leo Baeck Institute.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Jun. 4, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Patent of Peddling” issued by the Court Council (“Hofkanzlei”)
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] In regards to the sales of goods, which happen from house-to-house, or the so-called peddling, we find it necessary to establish the following: […] 2) The Jew exclusively can only be permitted to peddle in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. 11) However, this permission for Bohemian Jews cannot be transferred to Jews in Austria(n lands) who are still prohibited from peddling […].
5. Source	Schriften des Vereins für Sozialpolitik; LXXXII; Untersuchungen über die Lage des Hausiergewerbes in Österreich; (Leibzig, 1899); (“Writings/Documents of the Association of Social Policy/Social Politics; Volume 82, Investigations in Regards to […] Peddling in Austria”)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 13, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] The trading with knick-knacks (‘Das Trödeln’) is prohibited to Jews. […]
5. Source	Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher ‘Trödeln” is mostly used as a verb in German and usually refer to the act of ‘dawdling.’ Here, however, the law seems to refer to the ‘aimless wandering’ and peddling of semi-useless household items one finds at a ‘Trödelmarkt’ which would be the equivalent of today’s flea market.

1. Full Date of Act	Jul. 23, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent on the Bearing of Certain Surnames by the Jewry, decreed by Emperor Joseph II, Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary & Croatia, King of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	In order to avoid any kind of disorder which usually occurs to some classes of people in political and judicial proceedings and in their private lives if families have no constant surname, and if particular persons have no known given name – the following law is instituted for all our hereditary lands. § 1. Jewry in all the provinces should be urged to do the following. Each host of household should adopt a constant surname for his family beginning with January 1st, 1788; whoever is taking care of orphans should do the same for them; also each unmarried man who is not under the care of his father nor any other care – should do the same for himself. An unmarried woman should adopt the surname of her father, and a married woman should adopt the surname of her husband. Every particular person without exception should adopt a German surname and never change it in his or her lifetime. § 2. All surnames that have been used in the Jewish language so far – whether originating from a place where someone has always stayed or where he has only stayed for some time, e.g., Schulem Töplitz, Jochem Kollin etc., which were adopted in a common way – should be completely abandoned. § 3. By the end of November 1787, the father of each family and each particular person, by means of a note written in German, should inform the local municipality or the local authority of the place where they are permitted to live or stay of the name and surname adopted by them. This declaration, confirmed by an unsealed certificate, signed by the district deputies and by the chief rabbi or district rabbis, should state that now, the given persons have adopted a family surname X forever, together with a particular German given name, and that they descend from Y, and that before they had used a such and such name. § 4. From January 1st, 1788, all circumcision books and all birth books without an exception should be composed in German. Also all who are born, marry or die should be put down in the books with their German name and surname adopted forever. § 5. The certificates from the local authorities or their clerks, commanded in § 3, should be carefully kept, and shown to the revision officer at the soonest conscription revision. For the first time, i.e., in the year 1788, the latter should write down in German both names: the name that has been used so far, and, after that, the name and surname adopted by the person forever. In the conscription book for the next year, only the newly adopted names should be found. § 6. Herewith it is announced that this regulation does not concern in any way the documents made out with the persons’ common surnames until the end of December 1787. These documents will remain invariably valid although they were signed in whatever way. § 7. In order to prevent any kind of guile and bring this law to a complete implementation, we institute the following penalties: a/ The rabbi who, beginning with January 1st, 1788, will not write down births, weddings, and deaths in the German language and using a constant surname or who will not compose such books in German – will be penalized with a fine of 50 Rhine Zloty for the first time. If he will violate this regulation second time, he will be dismissed from service and regarded unfit for it. b/ Every person regardless of his or her sex who, after that day, will not use the name and the surname adopted forever, but will adopt another one will be punished with a fine of 59 Rhine Zloty – if he is well off. If he is poor, he will be expelled together with his family from all our countries. However, if he has any debts or obligations that can be proved, they will keep their validity against him. c/ Everybody who will not deliver his certificate by the end of November 1787 as described above will be penalized with a fine of 10 Rhine Zloty - or with the penalty of 8 days' work for the common good if he is poor. d/ Half of the sum of all these fines will be designated to the Jewish domestic fund in each of the countries. The other half will fall to the one who will discover such a deceit and denounce it.
5. Source	Handbuch der Gesetze und Verordnungen welche für die Polizei-Verwaltung im österreichischen Kaiserstaate von 1740 – 1852 erschienen sind. [Handbook of Laws and Regulations published for the Administration of Law Enforcement in the Imperial State of Austria] Zaleisky, A. Friedrich Manz, 1854: Vienna. Vol. 2, Accessed online.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Hungary and Croatia

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 10, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	General Instruction on the Poor Law issued by Franz Ludwig, Prince-bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg.
3. Geography of Act	Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
4. Text of Act	16) In the towns that lie on the borders of the country, the frequently traveling begging Jews must be treated in such a way that they are not easily permitted to enter the country, until we look more closely at the root of this serious policing issue and provide effective relief for it.
5. Source	"Sammlung der Hochfürstlich-Wirzburgischen Landesverordnungen von 1771 mit 1800 ergangen sind [Collection of the High Princely Würzburg State Ordinances from 1771 to 1800]," Part 3, Franz Xaver Rienner, Wurzburg, 1801, pp. 376 -377, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2024
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using chatgpt.com and Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Aug. 13, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Ordinance #22739, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	The vestries shall impress on all spiritual advisors: that they shall not baptize any Jew who requests to be baptized, before having reported the request to the state authority and having received the appropriate permission.
5. Source	Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Fünfter Band von R – S (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume V, from R through S). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 192.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher Here, the term vestry means committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government for a parish.

1. Full Date of Act	Oct. 25, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Court Decree, issued by the government of Emperor Joseph II, for Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Since the taking of the name of the father or grandfather as a middle name is merely a Jewish custom, and only serves to keep the name of the father or grandfather alive, keeping a middle name, the result of a useless habit, cannot be permitted. If the offspring were allowed to keep the first names of their father or grandfather as a middle name, it could not be prevented that they maintained completely Hebrew, Jewish, or other names unknown in the German language, which would run counter to the purpose of existing law.
5. Source	Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.)Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 539.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 1, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Permission to get married” decree issued by the Lower-Austrian government
3. Geography of Act	Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Common requirements to receive consent to marry. Only those [Jews] are to receive permission to marry, who have agreed to do this in the presence of the Jewish Commissioner (Judenschaftcommissärs) after providing the consensus of their patron (Schutzherr) and after paying the customary taxes; however, after that (the wedding), the bride and the groom are to leave Vienna.
5. Source	Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 580.
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 10, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Gubernatorial Ordinance” (for Galicia) issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[Regarding] Production/Manufacturing Potassium Nitrate. (‘Salnitererzeugung’). In order to prevent fraud in terms of trading with powder and potassium nitrate, from which the Jews have been excluded via the Patent of April 13, 1786 […] this can also be applied to cases where such (Jews) who have permits (‘Kommission’) to purchase powder for another party, […] it is, [therefore], determined that such permits can never be transferred/granted to Jews and that no wholesaler (‘Grossiern’) and trafficker (‘Trafikanten’) may sell powder to a Jew under any circumstances. Except […] if one or the other party who needs this powder cannot get it except through [the help of] a Jew. In that case, a written certificate is to be issued by that party […] which the seller (Jew) is to keep on him at all times […] and the powder [must be] keep safe and sealed with the label [of the person] for whom the Jew has bought it for and will deliver it to.
5. Source	Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II für die K. k. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischen Verbindung; enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Dreizehnter Band. (Wien; 1789); (“Handbook of all under the reign of Emperor Joseph II issued ordinances and laws in the r[oyal] i[mperial] hereditary lands in systematic order/connection; contains the regulations and laws of 1787. Thirteenth volume." (Vienna; 1789)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2013
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Poland, and Ukraine Researcher This Gubernatorial Ordinance stipulates that wholesalers and traffickers may not sell potassium nitrate to Jews, except in one specific case, and then only with extreme precaution.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 12, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“[Royal] Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] it appears that the registry drawn up by the Hebrew translator in Bohemia of the permitted first names for Jews is not written expediently, because it contains mainly those Hebrew first names, that cannot be turned/given in[to] German and are only understood by Jews. And since the Patent from July 23, 1787, explicitly orders, that no other first names may be used except German ones, […] therefore, no first names can be chosen from the alphabetical registry except the German first names – male as well as female – that are printed in red in the announced example, all others (names) however, which are not printed in red, are to be considered prohibited first names and subject to current fines/punishments. […] These first names permitted to be taken on are: *) […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Czech Republic Researcher *An alphabetical list of names – first male then female – follows.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 17, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Patent, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, Archduke of Austria, for Moravia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	1. The number of Jewish families, which has been limited to 5106, shall be increased to 5400. 2. The Moravian state government shall distribute the additional families proportionally among the Jewish communities, and afterwards re-determine the [maximum] number of families for each community. 3. In the future, however, no Jew may obtain a numbered slot for his family until he can show that he has the necessary means to support a family. 4. Therefore, if after some time, the exact number of families in a given community should be found to have increased, without prior notice to the county government; then, if the local authority is shown to have permitted this increase in families, it shall be fined 100 guilders, while the guilty officer incurs a fine of 50 ducats, and the Jewish community, in which the surplus family is found, shall be fined 100 ducats without any leniency.
5. Source	Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.) Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 609.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher A ducat was a coin made of 3.51 grams of pure gold, with five guilders to one ducat. At the average gold price for the year 2019, that means that the above fines of 100 guilders, 50 ducats and 100 ducats are equivalent to US$3,134.12, US$7,835.30 and US$15,670.60, respectively.

1. Full Date of Act	Nov. 22, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	House of Habsburg-Lorraine
4. Text of Act	In those areas/places (‘Orten’) where there is a Jewish community, all leaders of the Jewish community are to report the death of a Jewish person to the courts under their own liability. Considering that the Jews live scattered, the r[oyal] regional office (‘Kreisamt’) is to instruct the village judges (‘Dorfrichter’) and jurors (‘Geschworene’) in all earnestness to obey this [order], so that the aforementioned report each death of a Jew or Jewess to the Magistrate immediately or the Office of Economy (‘Wirtschaftsamt’), to which they belong […]
5. Source	Auszug aller im Königreiche Böhmen bestehenden Verordnungen und Gesetze nach Johann Roths Advokaten und Justiziärs der k. k. Staatsherrschaften Kotieschau and Kladrau, unter buchstäblichen gereihten Aufschriften der Gegenstände nach der Zeitfolge verfassten Sammlung neu aufgelegt, verbessert und vermehrt durch Johann Blaseck, k. k. Rath, Unterthansadvokaten und Fiskaladjunkten im Königreiche Böhmen. Fünfter Theil. Von Gef bis kirsch.; (Prag; 1817); (Abstracts of all existing regulations and laws in the Kingdom of Bohemia according to Johann Roth’s, advocate/attorney and justice/council of the r[oyal] i[mperial] sovereignties [Chotieschau] and Kladruby, newly reissued collection in alphabetical and chronological order, improved and augmented by Johann Blaseck, r[oyal] i[mperial] council of subjects (prosecutor) and fiscal adjunct in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Fifth part. From Gef to kirsch); (Prague; 1817)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2019
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 7, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Circular Ordinance, issued by the government of Emperor Joseph II for Galicia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Poland; Present-day Ukraine
4. Text of Act	The prohibition against the leasing of mills to Jews is hereby renewed, and it shall also be known that, if any dominion shall elude this prohibition in one way or another, it will be subjected to a sizable fine, whereas the Jew shall be punished significantly.
5. Source	Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.) Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 527.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	Dec. 13, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	List of Jew-Names, issued by Emperor Joseph II for Bohemia
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	List of names, which according to the court decree of November 12, 1787, have been selected from previous name lists that were printed for the use by Jews and may be chosen as first names. [List of names follows] Jews may further choose the following names for men: […]; and the following names for women: […]. The deadline for registering the prescribed name lists is hereby extended until January 15, 1788.
5. Source	Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.) Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 602.
6. Researcher	Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research	2020
8. Notes	Researcher This decree was promulgated in Bohemia on Dec. 21, 1787.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 2, 1788
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Customs-Patent” (‘Zollpatent’) issued by the Austrian Customs Authorities
3. Geography of Act	Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	[…] 1) Only [non-Jewish] businessmen in the cities and markets 2) Bohemian carters, and only in the customs/border cities (‘Legstätten’) of this kingdom […] and 3) Jews, who have been granted special permission by the authorities […] are allowed to trade with such items* […] [Wholesale] permits to Jews must be issued in writing […].
5. Source	Handelsbuch der Handelsgesetze und des bei Anwendung derselben bei den Mercantil-Gerichten eintretenden Verfahrens, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Oesterreich unter der Enns. Von Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, wirklichen k. k. Rath und Referenten bei dem niederösterr. Mercantil- und Wechselgerichte; (Wien; 1836); (Trade book of commercial laws and its procedural application to the commercial/trade courts, with special consideration of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. By Christian Johann Paurnfeindt, real/true r[oyal] i[mperial] advisor and referent at the Lower Austrian commercial/trade and exchange court); (Vienna; 1836)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher *The restricted items were: cacao, coffee, animal feed, cloves, ginger, nutmeg-blossoms, nutmeg (nut), black and white pepper, ammonium sees (‘Semen Amonii’), tea, vanilla (‘Vaniglia’), cinnamon, sugar and sugar-syrup. While this ‘patent’ does not exclude Jews from trading with these items, it reestablishes the fact that Jews were required to apply for special permits to operate as a wholesaler in Austria.

1. Full Date of Act	Jan. 23, 1788
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance” published in the Imperial Leaflet
3. Geography of Act	Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act	[…] Jews are prohibited to purchase common ash. […] They are permitted to collect ash only with special permission. […]
5. Source	Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; (Brünn, 1844); (Dr. Joh. Lutsche’s Weiland Imper[ial], Moravia[n], Silesia[n] Council of Appellations, Special Rights of Persons of Moravia and Silesia, especially in political terms. Vol. II); (Brünn; 1844)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	Editor Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 7, 1788
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Highest Approved Instruction on the treatment of Israelites whose period of tolerance has expired without them requesting a new one.
3. Geography of Act	Austrian Empire
4. Text of Act	All Israelites whose period of toleration has expired without them being granted further tolerance are to be regarded as foreigners.
5. Source	Franz Tobias Herzog, “Sammlung der Gesetze über das Politische Domicil im Kaiserthume Österreich [Collection of Laws on Political Domicile in the Austrian Empire],” Anton Edlen von Schmid, Vienna, 1837, p. 169, available from archive.org.
6. Researcher	Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research	2025
8. Notes	Translator The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.

1. Full Date of Act	Feb. 7, 1788
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Instruction for the Higher Police-Authorities” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	8) Classification of Jews in Vienna. The Jewry of Vienna is classified into two categories (‘Gattungen’): 1) into tolerated, or those who are subject to pay an annual fee/tax and are [therefore] protected, and (then) 2) into foreign Jews. The tolerated [Jews] may reside in Vienna with their wives and their unwedded children who are still dependent on them as well as their servants – either 1) for an undetermined amount of time or 2) for a predetermined amount of time/years. Therefore, there is a) a constant [toleration] and b) a limited toleration [for Jews]. […]
5. Source	Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); (Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2017
8. Notes	None