OAJA Acts

Page 98 of 155

1. Full Date of Act
May 28, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Royal Court Decree” ('Hofdecret') issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

[…] The jurisdiction of Jewish courts cannot […] be maintained/exist in any way, and therefore, all Jews are subject to local jurisdiction without further ado. […]
5. Source
Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2017
8. Notes
Researcher
This decree was issued on May 28 and made public on June 7, 1785, in Austria.
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 2, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Court Decree, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, Archduke of Austria
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

Israelite books filled with exorcisms are to be prohibited from being printed.
5. Source
Fauller, Chrysostomus. Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich: Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, und in alphabetisch-chronologischer Ordnung zusammengestellt, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf Nieder-Oesterreich, Zweiter Band (Laws, Ordinances and Regulations for the Administration of Police: Published in the Years 1740 Until the End of 1825, and Compiled in Chronological Order, Under Excellent Consideration of Lower Austria, Volume Two). Geistinger: Vienna, 1828. Page 274.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 29, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act

Even though in Bohemian and Austrian hereditary lands, Jews are generally excluded from the purchase of state-owned or other public buildings; nevertheless, His Majesty has allowed to make an exception to this rule, in places where Jews are already tolerated: when, in particular, a wealthy Jew wishes to utilize such a building for the operation of a necessary and useful factory and finds himself able to undertake such a business; whereas, at the same time, it is ordered that in every single occurrence of this kind, confirmation of the pending sale must be obtained from the highest authorities.
5. Source
Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H). Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 382.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Oct. 16, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Order, “For the purpose of limiting the number of protected-Jews” issued by Frederick Francis I, Duke of Mecklenburg
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Germany; Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4. Text of Act

Frederick Francis, Duke of Mecklenburg […] The number of privileged-Jews in this and other cities has increased so drastically due to the willingness of landlords/territorial lords to admit these strangers (‘Fremdlinge’) [into their domains], so that they are now beginning to not only be hinder-some and a burden to each other in their ability to make a living, but also to their Christian co-inhabitants. In order that this does not lead to complaints and legal action, We have come to the firm decision not to issue any new letters of protection to Jews in the future, until a number of the current protected-Jews have died off and have made it possible (made room) for their co-religionists to settle down and to pursue a trade. This, Our opinion and will, we let be known publicly to be minded […]
5. Source
Sammlung aller für das Großherzogthum Mecklenburg-Schwerin gültigen Landes-Gesetze von den ältesten Zeiten bis zu Ende des Jahres 1834. Vierter Band. Kirchen- und Schulgesetze. (Collection of all state laws issued in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from the earliest times to the end of 1834. 4th Volume. Church and school laws.); (Wismar; 1836);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Nov. 2, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Prohibition to print certain books” decree issued by the Court Chancellery to the Lower-Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act
Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

In order that Jews, who seem to concern themselves eagerly with silly ‘devil banning’ (Teufelbaneryen) and other similar things, are not fed in their misconceptions, and so their enlightenment is not delayed or altogether stunned, the printing of all books, which contain such inconsistencies – no matter whether they are written in the national language, or in […] Hebrew – is prohibited henceforth.
5. Source
Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 554.
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2016
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Dec. 9, 1785
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Judenordnung (Jewish Regulation), Issued by Johann Alons, Prince of Dettingen-Spielberg.
3. Geography of Act
Principality of Dettingen-Spielberg
4. Text of Act

Art. 9. In future, no Jew shall be allowed to live in our princely lands without a letter of protection …
Art. 13. From those who live in such a place where the main right has been established … Jewish household members shall pay the following taxes: Those whose property is valued at less than 500 florins shall pay 5 florins. Those with property valued between 500 and 1000 florins shall pay 10 florins. Those whose property is valued at 1000 florins or more shall pay 15 florins. …
Art. 15. Each of our protected Jews shall pay the appropriate —and relevant protection money annually. We will, however, in accordance with their most humble requests, graciously reduce the annual protection money for the future and divide it into five classes in such a way that for the local Jews the first class will be 12 fl., the second 8 fl., the third 6 fl., the fourth 4 fl. and the fifth or poor class 1 fl.
5. Source
“Judenordnung, 1785 [Jewish Regulation, 1785],” in Friedrich Christian Arnold, “Beiträge Zum Teutschen Privat-Rechte [Contributions to German Private Rights],” Volume 2, Ansbach, 1842, p. 514-530, available from dlc.mpg.de.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Jan. 16, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance” issued by Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

[…] Foreign as well as all other Jews are prohibited from peddling in Vienna and on the countryside altogether or face confiscation of goods/merchandize. […]
5. Source
Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1821). (Political Constitution of the Israelis in the Country under/near Enns and especially in the R[oyal] I[mperial] Capital and Royal Seat of Vienna. J. L. E. Count von Barth-Barthenheim.); (Vienna; 1821);
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2018
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Mar. 22, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

[…] The tolerated Jews should gradually be introduced/initiated to the business-sectors (‘Nahrungszweige’) that have been extended to them, and [in doing] so, be made useful to the state, […] especially, the morality of their character should be improved by means of a [proper] school instruction. […]
5. Source
Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2017
8. Notes
Researcher
Reissued as a governmental decree on April 4, 1786.
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 10, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinances Regarding Jews” issued by the Austrian Royal Court
3. Geography of Act
Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act

1) Since […] Jews tend to bury their dead while their bodies are still warm [and] in order to put and end to this violation [of a previous ordinance] it is generally ordered that before two times 24 hours (= 48 hours) have passed, no Jew nor Christian (except in special cases of extraordinary illness) shall be buried. The local authorities (‘Kreisämter’) are to oversee and enforce this and violators shall be required to pay an appropriate fine according to their wealth.
5. Source
Oesterreichs Staatsverfassung vereinbart mit den zusammengezogenen bestehenden Gesetzen, zum Gebrauche der Staatsbeamten, Advokaten, Dekonomen, Obrigkeiten, Magistrate, Geistliche, Bürger und Bauern, zum Unterricht, für angehende Geschäftsmänner von Joseph Kropatschek, k. k. wirk. Hofkonzipisten, und öffentlichen Lehrer der Gesetzkunde und Kreisamtspraxis bei der k. k. Arzieren Leibgarde galizischer Abteilung. Zweiter Band. (Wien); (Austria’s state constitution united and merged with existing laws, for use by civil servants, lawyers, clergymen, magistrates, local-authorities, citizens, and peasants, for class [purpose of teaching], for budding businessmen by Joseph Kropatschek, r[oyal] i[imperil] Conceptionist and public teacher of law and a praxis/office at the Kreisamt [state offices] in the department of the r[oyal] i[imperil] […] Royal Guard of Galicia. Second Volume. (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2018
8. Notes
Editor
Present-day Austria, Czech Republic
Researcher
This Royal Court decree (‘Hofdecret’) was made public on the 19th in Moravia; in Bohemia on the 23rd; and in Galicia on May 2, 1786. While the text prohibits this practice to Jews and Christians, other similar regulations were also aimed specifically at Jewish customs.
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 15, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“The Attending of School as Requirement to Receive Permission to Marry” decree of the Court Chancellery on behalf of the Kaiser to all county authorities (Länderstellen) with the exception of Galicia
3. Geography of Act
Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act

His Majesty have decided that those Jew, who are not able to show proof of having attended regular classes (Normalunterricht)*, are not to receive permission to get married. […] since this [law] is now effective everywhere where Jews live, it is to be published in all the county offices and made especially known to Jewish leaders – including in all of the Bohemian and Austrian inherited lands. With this, you the Lower-Austrian government, have been notified that no Jew is to be granted permission to get married in the future, if they are not able to show proof that they attended regular school, and that henceforth, all Jews under the age of 16 are to attend [this kind of] school.
5. Source
Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 577.
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2016
8. Notes
Editor
Present-day Austria, Czech Republic
Researcher
On August 8, 1786, Duke Kollowrat – the actual author of this decree – issues an amendment to the law in which he clarifies that this mandatory schooling is to be from the age of 6-12.
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 28, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government
3. Geography of Act
Europe (multi-countries)
4. Text of Act

All Jews who are under the age of 16 are to be required to attend regular (‘Normal’) school. […]
5. Source
Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the Political Jurisprudence in the Austrian Imperial State. Volume I; Edited/Published by Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Count of Barth-Barthenheim)); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2018
8. Notes
Editor
Present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary
1. Full Date of Act
May 1, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Ordinance, issued by the government of the Kingdom of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act

In the future, no Jew is to be awarded a wedding license, unless he can properly document the regular education received at a normal school; in addition, all Jews below the age of sixteen shall be directed toward this kind of school attendance.
5. Source
Jaksch, Peter Karl (Ed.). Gesetzeslexikon im Geistlichen, Religions- und Toleranzfache, wie auch in Güter- Stiftungs- Studien- und Zensurssachen für das Königreich Böhmen von 1601 bis Ende 1800. Zweiter Band von E – H (Encyclopedia of Spiritual, Religious and Tolerance Laws, as well as Matters of Goods, Foundations, Education and Censorship, for the Kingdom of Bohemia, from 1601 until the End of 1800. Volume II from E – H]. Government Printing Office: Prague, 1828. Page 56.)
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
May 26, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance” of the Austria Government
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act

[…] 36) […] all outside/foreign Jews – as well as all local Jews who apply for tolerance [permits] that exceed the pre-determined number [of tolerated Jews] are to be turned down. […]
5. Source
Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published by Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Earl of Barth-Barthenheim); Volume I); (Vienna; 1821)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2017
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Jun. 21, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
"Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV
3. Geography of Act
Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act

No Jew in Altstrelitz is to rent to another or be punished; but each is to make an effort to find his own quarters in such a way that rents are not driven any higher.
5. Source
Repertorium der in den Herzogthum Mecklenburg-Strelitz geltenden Verordnungen. Herausgegeben von Kanzley-Rath von Kamptz zu Neustrelitz. (“Repertory of the valid/issued ordinances in the Duchy of Meckenburg-Strelitz. Edited by Legal Council of Kamptz of Neustrelitz.”); (Neubrandenburg; 1794)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2018
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Jul. 3, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance” issued in Bohemia
3. Geography of Act
Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act

Since one has discovered incomprehensible abuse among the Jewish Nation in terms of the preservation of human life, [by which] the dead were buried the same day – often only a few hours after death – a practice which is an evil interpretation of their laws and is only based on a certain kind of superstition – which could have harrowing consequences, […] that is why no Jew can be buried before 48 hours have passed, and if an extra-ordinary case makes this necessary, an exact examination by the legal-chief-physician (‘Kreisphysikus’) must occur first. The local authorities (‘Kreisämter’) must not only inform all the authorities (‘Obrigkeiten’) but also oversee this prohibition so that it is observed at all times and that it’s not violated under inconsequential pretexts.
5. Source
Oesterreichs Staatsverfassung vereinbart mit den zusammengezogenen bestehenden Gesetzen, zum Gebrauche der Staatsbeamten, Advokaten, Dekonomen, Obrigkeiten, Magistrate Geistliche, Bürger und Bauern, zum Unterricht, für angehende Geschäftsmänner von Joseph Kropatschek, k. k. wirk. Hofkonzipisten, und öffentlichen Lehrer der Gesetzkunde und Kreisamtspraxis bei der k. k. Arzieren Leibgarde gallizischer Abteilung. Zweiter Band. (Wien); ("Austria’s state constitution united and merged with existing laws, for use by civil servants, lawyers, clergymen, magistrates, local-authorities, citizens, and peasants, for class [purpose of teaching], for budding businessmen by Joseph Kropatschek, r[oyal] i[imperil] Conceptionist and public teacher of law and a praxis/office at the Kreisamt [state offices] in the department of the r[oyal] i[imperil] […] Royal Guard of Galicia. Second Volume."); (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2013
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Aug. 14, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Gubernatorial Ordinance” (‘Gubernialverordnung’) for Bohemia
3. Geography of Act
Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act

Firstly: Since Jews live together in large families, and since a dead body lying there for 48 hours could start to rot and cause infections; and secondly, [because] they are prohibited to bury their dead on the Sabbath or other holy day, which would mean that the dead would remain unburied past the determined time […] In order to avoid such cases, it is permitted that the deadline can be shortened to in certain places where […] where the local-chief-physician (‘Kreisphysikus’), or in his absence, the closest state-wound-doctor (‘Landwundarzt’) can be called (and consulted) [regarding on the cause of death etc.]. However, it goes without saying that all abuse is to be restricted and [this exception is] only to be applied, if there exist real danger and if the certificate of a wound-doctor (‘Wundarztes’) requiring a quick burial is presented to the authorities.
5. Source
Oesterreichs Staatsverfassung vereinbart mit den zusammengezogenen bestehenden Gesetzen, zum Gebrauche der Staatsbeamten, Advokaten, Dekonomen, Obrigkeiten, Magistrate Geistliche, Bürger und Bauern, zum Unterricht, für angehende Geschäftsmänner von Joseph Kropatschek, k. k. wirk. Hofkonzipisten, und öffentlichen Lehrer der Gesetzkunde und Kreisamtspraxis bei der k. k. Arzieren Leibgarde gallizischer Abteilung. Zweiter Band. (Wien); (Austria’s state constitution united and merged with existing laws, for use by civil servants, lawyers, clergymen, magistrates, local-authorities, citizens, and peasants, for class [purpose of teaching], for budding businessmen by Joseph Kropatschek, r[oyal] i[imperil] Conceptionist and public teacher of law and a praxis/office at the Kreisamt [state offices] in the department of the r[oyal] i[imperil] […] Royal Guard of Galicia. Second Volume. (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2013
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Sep. 21, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian government
3. Geography of Act
Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act

Jewish tobacco-traffickers/traders (‘Tabak-Trafikanten’) are strictly prohibited to trade with any other items/merchandize [except tobacco] or face confiscation [of the items].
5. Source
Polizeyliche Gesetzkunde für das Königreich Böhmen; enthaltend sämmtliche bis Ende 1828 für Böhmen ergangene Polizey- und sonstige hierauf Bezug nehmende Gesetze und Anordnungen, nach bestimmten Schlagwörtern alphabetisch geordnet. Von Vinzenz Schahay, k. k. Polizeybeamten. (Prag; 1830); (System of Policing laws for the Kingdom of Bohemia; contains all policing laws issued for Bohemia until the end of 1828, as well as other related laws and orders, arranged alphabetically and according to specific keywords. By Vinzenz Schahay, r[oyal] i[mperial] police officer.); (Prague; 1830)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Nov. 16, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Court-Decree, issued by Francis II, King of Bohemia
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act

Special permission for Jews, to buy Christian houses, is not commonly granted, and in every case, the local government shall submit, after investigating all aspects of the proposed purchase, a report on these aspects, as well as a recommendation on whether the purchase should be granted or not.
5. Source
Ebersberg, J.S. (ed.). Österreichischer Zuschauer. Jahrgang 1853. Zweiter Band (Austrian Spectator. 1853, Vol. 2). Ueberreuter: Vienna, 1853. Page 1466.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Dec. 11, 1786
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Salt Trade” decree of the Court (“Hofdekret”)
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia
4. Text of Act

The salt trade is prohibited to all Jews, […].
5. Source
Kostentzky: Dominik: System der politischen Gesetze Böhmens zum bequemen Gebrauch für den Geschäfts- und Privatmann (“System of the Political Laws of Bohemia for the Business and Private Man”); (Prague; 1820)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2017
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Jan. 4, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Court Decree, issued by the government of Emperor Joseph II, for Galicia
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Poland; Present-day Ukraine
4. Text of Act

The widows left behind by Jewish taverners have no claim to the liquor-dispensing license of the deceased.
5. Source
Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.) Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 528.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Feb. 19, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Royal Court
3. Geography of Act
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
4. Text of Act

The current laws, which exclude the Jewry from all trade with salt, are to remain in effect.
5. Source
Sammlung der Gesetze welche unter der glorreichsten Regierung Kaisers Franz des II in den sämtlichen k. k. Erblanden erschienen sind, in einer Chronologischer Ordnung vom Joseph Kropatschek k.k. wirkl. Hof-Secretär und auswärtig korrespondierenden Mitgliede der k. k. Oekonomisch patriotischen Gesellschaft im Königreich Böhmen. Treyundzwanzigster Band enthält den Jahresgang 1807; (Wien); (Collection of law which were appeared under the most glorious reign of emperor Francis II in all the hereditary lands in chronological order by Joseph Kropatschek, true r[oyal] i[mperial] secretary and foreign corresponding member of the r[oyal] i[mperial] economic, patriotic society in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Twenty-third volume contains the year 1807); (Vienna)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2018
8. Notes
Researcher
This Royal Court Decree was made public on March 5, 1787. Excerpt from a book in the Austrian National Library.
1. Full Date of Act
Mar. 12, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Decree regulating pawn and loan businesses, enforced in all Prussian states, issued by King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia.
3. Geography of Act
Prussia
4. Text of Act

§. 13. A pawnbroker who is not a Jew and who knowingly has accepted a stolen item as collateral shall, like the thieves who steal stolen goods, be punished according to the criminal law and shall be forever incapable of further conducting pawn transactions. …
§. 16. If a Jewish pawnbroker knowingly has accepted stolen items as collateral, he shall be declared to have lost his letter of protection and shall be expelled from the country along with his family. …
§. 18. If such a Jewish pawnbroker is unable to return the collateral to the owner himself or, failing that, to ascertain its full value, the local Jews are obliged to compensate the owner for this value and the costs incurred in the matter.
5. Source
W.G. von der Heyde, “Repertorium Der Polizeigesetze und Verordnungen in Den Königlich Preußischen Staaten [Repertory of Police Laws and Regulations in the Royal Prussian States],” Vol. 1, Halle, 1819, p. 131-132, available from books.google.com.
6. Researcher
Kate Wraith
7. Year of Research
2024
8. Notes
Translator
The text of this Act is available in German in the source above. It was translated using Google translate.
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 10, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Royal Court
3. Geography of Act
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
4. Text of Act

Via the ordinance issued on the highest order of August 5, 1727, March 27, 1736, and 1st fall-month of 1740 […] Jews have been prohibited to engage in any salt-trade […]. However, since these ordinances which were published long ago may no longer be remembered by the authorities, these are announced to the local-authorities (‘Kreisämter’) for re-publication herewith to save the authorities of any harm/loss.
5. Source
Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II für die K. k. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischen Verbindung; enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Dreizehnter Band. (Wien; 1789); (“Handbook of all under the reign of Emperor Joseph II issued ordinances and laws in the r[oyal] i[mperial] hereditary lands in systematic order/connection; contains the regulations and laws of 1787. Thirteenth volume."); (Vienna; 1789)
6. Researcher & Translator
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
2013
8. Notes
Researcher
This prohibition was made public in Bohemia on April 26, 1787.
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 16, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Court decree, issued by Emperor Joseph II for Galicia
3. Geography of Act
Present-day Poland; Present-day Ukraine
4. Text of Act

To prevent circumventions of the law that allows Jews to build only houses made from hard materials, Jews shall be prohibited from buying houses that are in Christian hands, if the same are not built from hard materials.
5. Source
Moesle, Johann Georg (pub.). Handbuch aller unter der Regierung des Kaisers Joseph des II. für die K.K. Erbländer ergangenen Verordnungen und Gesetze in einer Sistematischer Verbindung: enthält die Verordnungen und Gesetze vom Jahre 1787. Vierzehnter Band (Handbook of all ordinances and laws issued under the government of Emperor Joseph II for the royal-imperial hereditary lands, in a systematic connection: contains the ordinances and laws of the year 1787. Volume 14.) Moesle: Vienna, 1789. Page 533.
6. Researcher
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research
2020
8. Notes
Researcher
This decree was promulgated in Galicia on May 3, 1787.
1. Full Date of Act
Apr. 17, 1787
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Burial of the Dead,” decree issued by the government of Lower Austria
3. Geography of Act
Austria
4. Text of Act

Jews may bury their dead only after 48 hours have passed since the time of death; exceptions may be issued only in the case of highly contagious diseases. Violators are to be fined appropriately by the police.
5. Source
Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 582. Accessed online.
6. Translator
Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Translation
2016
8. Notes
None