Unconfirmed Acts

The following are Acts that are missing either a full date and/or an Official source.

Displaying 325 – 350 of 742

1. Full Date of Act	1423
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Sunday Rest” 1423
3. Geography of Act	Sicily
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “The City of Palermo forbids Jews to work on Sundays.” Scherer, Johann E.: Die Rechtverhältnisse der Juden in den deutsch-österreichischen Ländern (Leipzig; 1901) p. 58
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1424
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Prohibition of Sexual Relations between Jews and Christians”
3. Geography of Act	Venice
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “In 1424 another decree established that sexual intercourse between Jewish men and Christian women was a criminal offense: the culprit [Jew] had to pay a fine and serve 6 months in prison if the partner was a lower class woman and 12 months in case of a noblewoman.” http://veniceapartmentrentals.com/jewish-ghetto
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1426
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Building of Synagogues”
3. Geography of Act	Venice
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews were prohibited from building a synagogue.” Venice Italy; Virtual Jewish World; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1426
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal Bull of Pope Martin V
3. Geography of Act	Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Issues bull against Jews.” Gotthard Deutsch and Joseph Jacobs: Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1429
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Rescript” issued by Emperor Sigismund, 1429
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“We, Sigismund, […] permit the city of Schweinfurt to settle Jews and Jewess – our royal chamber servants – for 20 years and to tax and punish them – [… however, in such a way] so that the taxes be used for the benefit of the city […] and for the reduction of its debt. […]”
5. Source	Chronik der Stadt Schweinfurt, herausgegeben von Heinrich Christian Beck, Pfarrer zu Schweinfurt und ordentlichem Mitglied des historischen Vereins für Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg. Zweiter Band. Die Zeiten vom Ausgang des 30jährigen Krieges bis sum gegenwärtigen Jahrhundert; zweiter Abtheilung (“Chronicle of the City of Schweinfurt, edited/published by Heinrich Christian Beck, Pastor and Proper Member of the Historical Association of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg. Second Volume. The Times from the End of the 30-Year War to the Present Century; second division”); (Schweinfurt; 1841);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher This rescript was issued so that the Jewry could (help) pay off the 30,000 Gulden levy placed on the city in order to be become part of the empire.

1. Full Date of Act	1430
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Banning of Jews from Vienna”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are banned from the City of Vienna […]” “Anti-Semitism in Austria – a historical overview;” anarchismus.at
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1431
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Privilege” issued by Emperor Sigismund, 1431
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“We, Sigismund, Roman King […] grant our dear and loyal mayor (‘Burgermeister’) and [city] council of Heidingsfeld (‘Haidingsfeld’)* and Mainbernheim (‘Bernheim’) for their great service which they have bestowed upon us in the past and will do so in the future [… permission] to accept and settle Jews and Jewess – our chamber servants – and that they shall use and benefit from them (‘gebrauchen und geniessen’) like those other imperial cities who have and use and benefit from such Jews and Jewesses […]. And we order therefore, all princes, clergymen, secular [judges], lords, noble knights, servants, […], in all communities, cities, markets, villages and all other places, […] that they do not hinder the aforementioned mayor (‘Burgermeister’) and city council of the city of Heidingsfeld (‘Heydingsfeld’)* and their successors to take advantage of our gracious permission, but rather allow them to use and enjoy them (Jews) if they want to avoid our deep displeasure and that of the empire. […]”
5. Source	Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Heidingsfeld – a city in Germany – seems to have been spelled two different ways in the original text (‘Haidingsfeld/Heydingsfeld.’

1. Full Date of Act	1434
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Council of Basle
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“So that an excessive amount of conversations with the Jews may be avoided, they are compelled to live in certain places of the cities and towns, separated from the homes of Christians and as far away from churches as is possible.”
5. Source	Conciliarum omnium generalium et provincialium Collectio Regia Vol. XIV, p. 207
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1435
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Jews required to wear a patch”
3. Geography of Act	Kingdom of Sicily
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) King Alfonso orders the Jews of Sicily to attach a round patch to their clothing and over their shops. “Catholic Timeline Of Jew Hatred;” sullivan-county.com
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1438
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	1438
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“No Jew…shall hold any office in the household of the king, queen, infantes, noblemen, or prelates; Jews shall not have Christian boys or girls in their service for hire of gratis…”
5. Source	Pearlson, Twelve Centuries of Jewish Persecution (1898): 251
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1442
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Super Gregem Dominicum” (“Super Shepherd Sunday”) issued by Pope Eugene IV
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Revokes the privileges of the Castilian Jews and imposes severe restrictions on them. Forbids Castilian Christians to eat, drink, live or bathe with Jews or Muslims and declaring invalid the testimony of Jews or Muslims against Christians. Graetz, H, “History of the Jews”, Volume 4, (Jewish Publication Society of America, 1894), p. 250
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1451
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Papal Bull” issued by Pope Nicholas V
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Prohibits social intercourse with Jews and Saracens. A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1451 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree at Santarem, 1451
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Jews…shall not be permitted to wear silk dresses.”
5. Source	Pearlson, Twelve Centuries of Jewish Persecution (1898): 251
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1453 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Ordinance and Statutes Regarding Jews” issued by Bishop Gottfried of Würzburg, 1453
3. Geography of Act	Archbishopric of Wurzburg; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“Gottfried (‘Gotfried’), Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Frankonia, after we have taken to heart such serious complaints from his* and the subjects in his* Stift [a territory in the Holy Roman Empire that enjoyed the status of a free imperial state] […] regarding the Jews [in his* Stift], we have therefore, written down and decided with this statute: Ordinance And Statute Regarding The Jews 1453. Firstly, the Jews shall henceforth no longer loan money on interests […]. In eight days, after this our statute is made public, those who violate this statute, shall lose their capital. Also, three people in Würzburg […] shall announce this to all Jews and Jewesses who live in villages and elsewhere […] so that they register their debts, may they be [based on] guarantees, loans (on pledges) or trust […] between now and the following Sunday after Saint Kilian’s Day […]”
5. Source	Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher In this very long statute Bishop Gottfried also sets a date by which the Jewry are to leave his domain and commands that this statue be announced to “all dukes, lords, knights, and servants in all imperial cities” so that they may follow suit “as his grace no longer wishes to have Jews in his Stift.” *Even though, this statute was drawn up by the Bishop himself, he uses ‘his’ in several sections of the text referring to himself in the third person.

1. Full Date of Act	1454
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews from Moravia”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from the crown cities of Moravia. Dershowitz, Alan: Chutzpah, Online book, p. 187
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1454
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Stautues von Nieszawa issued by Casimir IV Jagiellon, 11/1454
3. Geography of Act	Poland
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Just like the Synod of Breslau and the Synod of Ofen […] it was ordered that Jews of either sex are to wear clothing that will distinguish them from Christians.” Scherer, Johann E.: Die Rechtverhältnisse der Juden in den deutsch-österreichischen Ländern (Leipzig; 1901) p. 61
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1456 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Order” issued by Pope Callixtus III, year 1456
3. Geography of Act	Papal States [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	[Reiterates and confirms most of Pope Eugene’s ‘Dundum ad nostram audientiam’ (papal bull) issued on June 5, 1442 and adds] “the confiscated property of Jews […] can be used for the expedition against the Saracens. […]”
5. Source	System des Katholischen Kirchenrechts mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Deutschland von Dr. Paul Hinschius, Ordentlichem Professor der Rechte an der Universität Berlin. Fünfter Band; Abteilung I; (’Systems of Catholic Church Laws, Especially in Regards to Germany by Paul Hinschius, PhD, Decorated Professor of Law matte University of Berlin’), (Berlin; 1893)
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation	2018
8. Notes	Researcher Since the church’s war against Islam required a large amount of capital, the church resorted to all sorts of schemes to appropriate land and property in order to advance their mission.

1. Full Date of Act	1462 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jew” issued by the Parliament
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Austria; Present-day Slovenia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“[…] henceforth, no Jews shall be tolerated in Austria, Carinthia, Carniola, and Styria (‘Österreich, Kärnthen, Krain und der Steyermark’) […]”
5. Source	Engelman, Wilhelm: Das Judentum in Oesterrich und die böhmischen Unruhen (“The Jewry in Austria and the bohemian Unrest”); (Leipzig; 1845)9/28/2017
6. Researcher & Translator	Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research & Translation
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1468
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Decree issued by Bishop Mathias
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “…in the years 1464-78, under Bishop Mathias, the Jews of Landau were required to make an annual payment of 120 pounds heller for the right of retaining their ghetto. The same bishop ordered all the Jews of his diocese to submit to baptism, and upon their refusal to comply he issued (Oct. 21, 1468) a decree containing, among others, the following provisions: All male Jews over five years old were required to wear on their breasts, as a distinctive badge, a piece of yellow cloth in the shape of a wheel; all Jewesses of similar age, two blue stripes on their veils. Jews might take no part in public gatherings or entertainments; they might keep no Christian servants; nor might they have schools or synagogues of their own. They might not occupy dwellings in various portions of the city, but should live close together; on high Christian festivals they were not to appear upon the streets; and they were forbidden to engage in monetary transactions. Any person violating these rules was to be summoned before the bishop at Udenheim.” “Speyer; Restrictions.” Online article,
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1472
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Special Taxation of Jews” issued by Pope Sixtus IV
3. Geography of Act	Papal States
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Orders taxation of Roman Jews at a tithe during the Turkish war, and the carnival tax of 1,100 gulden. A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1481 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	King John II, 1481
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act	“As to the clothes of Jews…they are to wear the customary sign of a star…on the pit of the stomach.”
5. Source	Pearlson, Twelve Centuries of Jewish Persecution (1898): 251
6. Researcher & Translator	Joan Paez
7. Year of Research & Translation	2016
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1482
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	Papal bull “Numquam Dubitavimus” issued by Sixtus IV
3. Geography of Act	Aragon
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Numquam dubitavimus by Sixtus IV in 1482, empowered Ferdinand of Aragon to appoint inquisitors to extirpate heresy and to prevent Jewish practices among those who had been converted to Christianity.” Solomon Grayzel: “Bulls, Papal.” Online article
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1485
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are expelled from Perugia.” Armstrong, Karen: The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism (New York); p. 8
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1486
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Vicenza
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Vicenza. Armstrong, Karen: The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism (New York); p. 8
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None

1. Full Date of Act	1488
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)	“Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act	Parma
4. Text of Act	Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Parma. Armstrong, Karen: The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism (New York); p. 8
5. Source	None
6. Researcher	None
7. Year of Research	None
8. Notes	None