Unconfirmed Acts

The following are Acts that are missing either a full date and/or an Official source.

Displaying 325 – 350 of 742
1. Full Date of Act 1423
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Sunday Rest” 1423
3. Geography of Act Kingdom of Sicily; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “The City of Palermo forbids Jews to work on Sundays.” Scherer, Johann E.: Die Rechtverhältnisse der Juden in den deutsch-österreichischen Ländern (Leipzig; 1901) p. 58
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1424
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Prohibition of Sexual Relations between Jews and Christians”
3. Geography of Act Venice
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “In 1424 another decree established that sexual intercourse between Jewish men and Christian women was a criminal offense: the culprit [Jew] had to pay a fine and serve 6 months in prison if the partner was a lower class woman and 12 months in case of a noblewoman.” http://veniceapartmentrentals.com/jewish-ghetto
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1426
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Building of Synagogues”
3. Geography of Act Venice
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews were prohibited from building a synagogue.” Venice Italy; Virtual Jewish World; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1426
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Papal Bull of Pope Martin V
3. Geography of Act Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Issues bull against Jews.”
Gotthard Deutsch and Joseph Jacobs: Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1429
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Rescript” issued by Emperor Sigismund, 1429
3. Geography of Act Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““We, Sigismund, […] permit the city of Schweinfurt to settle Jews and Jewess – our royal chamber servants – for 20 years and to tax and punish them – [… however, in such a way] so that the taxes be used for the benefit of the city […] and for the reduction of its debt. […]” ”
5. Source Chronik der Stadt Schweinfurt, herausgegeben von Heinrich Christian Beck, Pfarrer zu Schweinfurt und ordentlichem Mitglied des historischen Vereins für Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg. Zweiter Band. Die Zeiten vom Ausgang des 30jährigen Krieges bis sum gegenwärtigen Jahrhundert; zweiter Abtheilung (“Chronicle of the City of Schweinfurt, edited/published by Heinrich Christian Beck, Pastor and Proper Member of the Historical Association of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg. Second Volume. The Times from the End of the 30-Year War to the Present Century; second division”); (Schweinfurt; 1841);
6. Researcher Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research 2018
8. Notes
Researcher
This rescript was issued so that the Jewry could (help) pay off the 30,000 Gulden levy placed on the city in order to be become part of the empire.
1. Full Date of Act 1430
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Banning of Jews from Vienna”
3. Geography of Act Present-day Austria
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are banned from the City of Vienna […]” “Anti-Semitism in Austria – a historical overview;” anarchismus.at
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1431
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Privilege” issued by Emperor Sigismund, 1431
3. Geography of Act Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““We, Sigismund, Roman King […] grant our dear and loyal mayor (‘Burgermeister’) and [city] council of Heidingsfeld (‘Haidingsfeld’)* and Mainbernheim (‘Bernheim’) for their great service which they have bestowed upon us in the past and will do so in the future [… permission] to accept and settle Jews and Jewess – our chamber servants – and that they shall use and benefit from them (‘gebrauchen und geniessen’) like those other imperial cities who have and use and benefit from such Jews and Jewesses […]. And we order therefore, all princes, clergymen, secular [judges], lords, noble knights, servants, […], in all communities, cities, markets, villages and all other places, […] that they do not hinder the aforementioned mayor (‘Burgermeister’) and city council of the city of Heidingsfeld (‘Heydingsfeld’)* and their successors to take advantage of our gracious permission, but rather allow them to use and enjoy them (Jews) if they want to avoid our deep displeasure and that of the empire. […]” ”
5. Source Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research 2018
8. Notes
Researcher
Heidingsfeld – a city in Germany – seems to have been spelled two different ways in the original text (‘Haidingsfeld/Heydingsfeld.’
1. Full Date of Act 1434
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Council of Basle
3. Geography of Act Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““So that an excessive amount of conversations with the Jews may be avoided, they are compelled to live in certain places of the cities and towns, separated from the homes of Christians and as far away from churches as is possible.””
5. Source Conciliarum omnium generalium et provincialium Collectio Regia Vol. XIV, p. 207
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1435
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Jews required to wear a patch”
3. Geography of Act Kingdom of Sicily; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) King Alfonso orders the Jews of Sicily to attach a round patch to their clothing and over their shops.
“Catholic Timeline Of Jew Hatred;” sullivan-county.com
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1438
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) 1438
3. Geography of Act Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““No Jew…shall hold any office in the household of the king, queen, infantes, noblemen, or prelates; Jews shall not have Christian boys or girls in their service for hire of gratis…””
5. Source Pearlson, Twelve Centuries of Jewish Persecution (1898): 251
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1442
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Super Gregem Dominicum” (“Super Shepherd Sunday”) issued by Pope Eugene IV
3. Geography of Act Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Revokes the privileges of the Castilian Jews and imposes severe restrictions on them. Forbids Castilian Christians to eat, drink, live or bathe with Jews or Muslims and declaring invalid the testimony of Jews or Muslims against Christians. Graetz, H, “History of the Jews”, Volume 4, (Jewish Publication Society of America, 1894), p. 250
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1451
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Papal Bull” issued by Pope Nicholas V
3. Geography of Act Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Prohibits social intercourse with Jews and Saracens. A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1451 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Decree at Santarem, 1451
3. Geography of Act Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““Jews…shall not be permitted to wear silk dresses.””
5. Source Pearlson, Twelve Centuries of Jewish Persecution (1898): 251
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1453 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Ordinance and Statutes Regarding Jews” issued by Bishop Gottfried of Würzburg, 1453
3. Geography of Act Archbishopric of Wurzburg; Present-day Germany [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““Gottfried (‘Gotfried’), Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Frankonia, after we have taken to heart such serious complaints from his* and the subjects in his* Stift [a territory in the Holy Roman Empire that enjoyed the status of a free imperial state] […] regarding the Jews [in his* Stift], we have therefore, written down and decided with this statute: Ordinance And Statute Regarding The Jews 1453. Firstly, the Jews shall henceforth no longer loan money on interests […]. In eight days, after this our statute is made public, those who violate this statute, shall lose their capital. Also, three people in Würzburg […] shall announce this to all Jews and Jewesses who live in villages and elsewhere […] so that they register their debts, may they be [based on] guarantees, loans (on pledges) or trust […] between now and the following Sunday after Saint Kilian’s Day […]””
5. Source Die Juden in Franken. Ein unpartheiischer Beitrag zur Sitten- und Rechtsgeschichte Frankens von Dr. Ludwig Heffner, praktischer Arzt zu Würzburg, Konservater des historischen Vereins daselbst. Mit 29 Urkunden-Beilagen (Nürnberg; 1855); (Jews in Frankonia. An Non-Partisan Contribution Regarding the Moral and Legal History of Franconia by Dr. med. Ludwig Heffner, practical physician to Würzburg, Conservator of the Historical Association there (of the same city). With 29 [Official] Documents Attached.); (Nuremberg; 1855);
6. Researcher Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research 2018
8. Notes
Researcher
In this very long statute Bishop Gottfried also sets a date by which the Jewry are to leave his domain and commands that this statue be announced to “all dukes, lords, knights, and servants in all imperial cities” so that they may follow suit “as his grace no longer wishes to have Jews in his Stift.” *Even though, this statute was drawn up by the Bishop himself, he uses ‘his’ in several sections of the text referring to himself in the third person.
1. Full Date of Act 1454
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Stautues von Nieszawa issued by Casimir IV Jagiellon, 11/1454
3. Geography of Act Poland
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Just like the Synod of Breslau and the Synod of Ofen […] it was ordered that Jews of either sex are to wear clothing that will distinguish them from Christians.” Scherer, Johann E.: Die Rechtverhältnisse der Juden in den deutsch-österreichischen Ländern (Leipzig; 1901) p. 61
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1454
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Expulsion of Jews from Moravia”
3. Geography of Act Present-day Czech Republic
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from the crown cities of Moravia. Dershowitz, Alan: Chutzpah, Online book, p. 187
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1456 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Order” issued by Pope Callixtus III, year 1456
3. Geography of Act Papal States [Provisional]
4. Text of Act “[Reiterates and confirms most of Pope Eugene’s ‘Dundum ad nostram audientiam’ (papal bull) issued on June 5, 1442 and adds] “the confiscated property of Jews […] can be used for the expedition against the Saracens. […]””
5. Source System des Katholischen Kirchenrechts mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Deutschland von Dr. Paul Hinschius, Ordentlichem Professor der Rechte an der Universität Berlin. Fünfter Band; Abteilung I; (’Systems of Catholic Church Laws, Especially in Regards to Germany by Paul Hinschius, PhD, Decorated Professor of Law matte University of Berlin’), (Berlin; 1893)
6. Researcher Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research 2018
8. Notes
Researcher
Since the church’s war against Islam required a large amount of capital, the church resorted to all sorts of schemes to appropriate land and property in order to advance their mission.
1. Full Date of Act 1462 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Expulsion of Jew” issued by the Parliament
3. Geography of Act Present-day Austria; Present-day Slovenia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““[…] henceforth, no Jews shall be tolerated in Austria, Carinthia, Carniola, and Styria (‘Österreich, Kärnthen, Krain und der Steyermark’) […]””
5. Source Engelman, Wilhelm: Das Judentum in Oesterrich und die böhmischen Unruhen (“The Jewry in Austria and the bohemian Unrest”); (Leipzig; 1845)9/28/2017
6. Researcher Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1468
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Decree issued by Bishop Mathias
3. Geography of Act Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “…in the years 1464-78, under Bishop Mathias, the Jews of Landau were required to make an annual payment of 120 pounds heller for the right of retaining their ghetto. The same bishop ordered all the Jews of his diocese to submit to baptism, and upon their refusal to comply he issued (Oct. 21, 1468) a decree containing, among others, the following provisions: All male Jews over five years old were required to wear on their breasts, as a distinctive badge, a piece of yellow cloth in the shape of a wheel; all Jewesses of similar age, two blue stripes on their veils. Jews might take no part in public gatherings or entertainments; they might keep no Christian servants; nor might they have schools or synagogues of their own. They might not occupy dwellings in various portions of the city, but should live close together; on high Christian festivals they were not to appear upon the streets; and they were forbidden to engage in monetary transactions. Any person violating these rules was to be summoned before the bishop at Udenheim.” “Speyer; Restrictions.” Online article,
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1472
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Special Taxation of Jews” issued by Pope Sixtus IV
3. Geography of Act Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Orders taxation of Roman Jews at a tithe during the Turkish war, and the carnival tax of 1,100 gulden. A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day; The Jewish Encyclopedia
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1481 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) King John II, 1481
3. Geography of Act Present-day Spain [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““As to the clothes of Jews…they are to wear the customary sign of a star…on the pit of the stomach.””
5. Source Pearlson, Twelve Centuries of Jewish Persecution (1898): 251
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1482
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Papal bull “Numquam Dubitavimus” issued by Sixtus IV
3. Geography of Act Aragon
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Numquam dubitavimus by Sixtus IV in 1482, empowered Ferdinand of Aragon to appoint inquisitors to extirpate heresy and to prevent Jewish practices among those who had been converted to Christianity.” Solomon Grayzel: “Bulls, Papal.” Online article
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1485
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act Perugia / Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are expelled from Perugia.” Armstrong, Karen: The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism (New York); p. 8
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1486
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act Vicenza; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Vicenza. Armstrong, Karen: The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism (New York); p. 8
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1488
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act Parma; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are expelled from Parma. Armstrong, Karen: The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism (New York); p. 8
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None