Unconfirmed Acts

The following are Acts that are missing either a full date and/or an Official source.

Displaying 475 – 500 of 742
1. Full Date of Act 1839
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Special Taxation of Jews” issued by the Romania Government
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) An annual tax of sixty plasters is placed on each Jews of Moldovia*. [Moldovia is currently known as Moldova.] Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1841
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Maskilim to Govenors of the Pale – A Program for Russification 1841
3. Geography of Act Russia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““The Russian government’s objectives in the encouragement of enlightenment among the Jewish people [should be] special emphasis to the moral as opposed to the academic aspects of the education of the Jews… To pay special attention to the teaching of Russian history and language, for there is nothing which unites diverse ethnic groups… better than the dissemination of information concerning that nation’s history and literature… In order to thwart the harmful influence of the Talmud, without at this stage destroying the book… the rabbis should be empowered to prepare a short religious text… in accordance with the accepted principles regarding civil responsibilities to the tsar and the motherland… the Jews must be ordered to change their dress for the clothing commonly worn throughout the country…””
5. Source Paul Mendes-Flohr & Yehuda Reinharz ed., The Jew in the Modern World, (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 385
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1842
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Compulsory military service for Jews
3. Geography of Act Russia
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Compulsory military service for JewsLangham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 114
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1844
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Jews are to Receive Christian Education” issued by Nicholas I
3. Geography of Act Russia [Provisional]
4. Text of Act “The purpose of educating the Jews is to bring about their gradual merging with the Christian nationalities, and to uproot those superstitions and harmful prejudices which are instilled by the teachings of the Talmud.”
5. Source “Antisemitism in Imperial Russia; Jews are to Receive Christian Education (1844).” No Author, Accessed online 9/29/2011
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1850
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Restrictions on Jewish Immigration”
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) No Jew is allowed to enter Roumania [Rumania] unless he possesses 5,000 plasters and has a known occupation. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1853
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Bukovinian Regulation”
3. Geography of Act Present-day Romania/Ukraine
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “The new regulation from the local regional office that the Israeli Jews population may not keep Christian servants, did not comfort the Jews in any way.” Czernowitz Police, Hohes Praesidium der k.k. obersten Polizey-Behörde! 31 December 1853/ ANR, Fond “Guvernmântul Bucovinei;” MI 79/2.; dare.uva.nl
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1859
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Regulations for Jews Regarding Oath Taking”
3. Geography of Act Prussia / Germany
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “All oath taken by Jews are to be done so in an synagogue or a school. 2) The [Jewish] oath taker has to bring two witnesses; there also has to be a Rabbi present or a Jewish scholar or assessor. 3) if the defending party is also a local Jew, they have to present during the oath taking, too. They are threatened by the Rabbi, assessor or scholar with excommunication, if they insist on taking an oath without a reason. They are to respond to the announcement with Amen. 4) [Jewish] Persons taking an oat[h] are to prepare for it by washing their hands and wearing on a prayer shawl and prayer rope. 5) It is up to the judge to have the rabbi warn the oath taker in private of the punishments for perjury or to do so in public. 6) All Israelis are required to tell the truth during litigations and had to support their statement with an oath. Those who willingly lie and go against the Christian authorities are committing a crime against God and are guilty of perjury. 7) Rabbi’s are forced to remind oath takers of the word of God coming down from the mount of Sinai: ‘You are not to misuse the name of your eternal God by lying.’ 8) While all other criminals can hope free themselves from the punishment of God, those who commit perjury cannot hope for relief, because God won’t allow those who lie to go unpunished. 9) While punishment of all other crimes only effects only those at fault (and those who could have prevented it), a perjury affects the entire family because God is to punish those who lie in his name for 3 or 4 generations to come. 10) Punishments for all other crimes can be delayed by God’s mercy’ however those committing a perjury are to face their punishment immediately. 11) Jews are required to hold a Torah and take an oath starting with ‘I swear by Adonai, the God of Israel,’ and finish with ‘Amen.'” Heinemann, J.: Sammlung der religiösen und bürgerliche Verfassung der Juden in den königl. Preuß Staaten betreffend den Gesetze, Vervordnungen, Gutaschten, Berichte und Erkenntinisse. (1831) p. 504
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1861
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Circular of the Roumanian [Rumanian] Ministry
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are prohibited from being innkeepers in rural districts. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916); Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1864
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Restrictions on Jews”
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are prohibited from becoming/being lawyers. Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1866
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Systematic Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act

Commentary from other sources:

1) The Ministry of Interior permits Jews settled in villages as of this date to continue to hold rented land until the expiration date of the lease. The contract cannot be renewed.
Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1866
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Article 7 Romanian Constitution
3. Geography of Act Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “‘The status of Romanians … Only foreigners of Christian religion may become Romanians.” Raphael Langham: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 61
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1868
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Restrictions on Jews”
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are excluded from the medical profession.
Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York); Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1869
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Jews banned from the Medical Profession”
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews excluded from the medical profession in Roumenia [Rumania]. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916); Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1870
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Military Service for Jews”
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews are obliged to serve in the army. Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1873
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) No Title
3. Geography of Act Russian Occupied Moldavia; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) A law is issued forbidding Jews to sell spirituous liquors in rural districts. A law is passed prohibiting Jews from selling alcoholic beverage in the villages. Jews with citizenship will be required to apply for a special authorization.
Kohler, Max J. and Simon Wolf: Jewish Disabilities in the Balkan States; (1916); Butnaru, I. C.: The Silent Holocaust – Romania and its Jews; (New York)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1876
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Law issued by the Romanian Government
3. Geography of Act Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “A March 1876 law on recruitment therefore stipulated that all male residents were obligated to serve –in other words, that only citizens of other nations might avoid service. Jews had thus become subject to the draft even though they were not citizens but were merely ‘stateless foreigners’ or ‘inhabitants of the country.’ This 1876 law continued to be enforced even after the Congress of Berlin and the recognition of Romania by the European powers.” “1. The Legal Status of the Jews in Romania.” Online article
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1876
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Laws Limiting or Restricting Jewish Settlements” Issued by Prime Minister Bratianu
3. Geography of Act Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “During his first years in office, Bratianu reinforced and applied old discrimination laws, insisting that Jews were not allowed to settle in the countryside (and relocating those that had done so), while declaring many Jewish urban inhabitants to be vagrants and expelling them from the country.” “History of the Jews in Romania,” wikipedia.org
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1880
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Prohibition on Jewish Head Cover”
3. Geography of Act Greece
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources:
1) “During this decade, Jewish head covers were forbidden for a time.”
AJC Global Jewish Advocacy: Anti-Semitism: An Assault on Human Rights; ajc.org
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1882
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Jewish Apothecaries Closed” order issued by the Goveror-General of St. Petersburg
3. Geography of Act Imperial Russia
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “The Governor-General of St. Petersburg orders fourteen Jewish apothecaries to shut down their businesses.”
Anti-Semitism in Imperial Russia; World Future Fund
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1886
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Senatorial Decree” issued by the Minister of Finance and the Senate
3. Geography of Act Imperial Russia
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “A circular of the Minister of Finance and a Senatorial decree introduced rigorous restrictions concerning Jews engaged in the liquor traffic, permitting them to sell liquor only from their own homes and owned property.” Anti-Semitism in Imperial Russia; World Future Fund
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1887
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Numerus Clausus Limiting the Enrollment of Jewish Students”
3. Geography of Act Imperial Russia
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Numerus Clausus was enacted in 1887, stating that the share of Jewish students should be no more than 10 percent in cities where Jews were allowed to live, 5 percent in other cities, and only 3 percent in Moscow and St. Petersburg. These limitations were removed after the revolution of 1917, but de facto remained until Khrushchev Thaw.” Lewinsky, Tamar, and Mayoraz, Sandrine: East European Jews in Switzerland. (2013) p. 99
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1889
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Restrictions on Jews” issued by the Romanian Parliament
3. Geography of Act Kingdom of Romania; Present-day Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Romanian Parliament makes it easier to force Jews out of trades and off farms. “Husi in the Past: World Timeline 1820 to 1920;” kehilalinks.jewishgen.org
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1889
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Limiting of Jewish factory workers” issued by the Romanian government
3. Geography of Act Romania
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Roumanian (Romanian) law is issued that limits the number of Jewish factory hands to one-third. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1891
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Acquisition of Real Estate”
3. Geography of Act Imperial Russia
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “An order forbids non-Christians from acquiring real estate in the provinces of Akmolinski, Semirietchensk, Uralsk and Turgai.” Anti-Semitism in Imperial Russia; World Future Fund
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1892
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Banning of Jews from the Mining Industry” issued by the Imperial Council
3. Geography of Act Turkestan
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources:
1) “In accordance with a proposal of the Imperial Council, the mining industry in Turkestan was closed to Jews.”
Anti-Semitism in Imperial Russia; World Future Fund
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None