The following are Acts that are missing either a full date and/or an Official source.
Displaying
525 –
550 of
742
1. Full Date of Act
1936
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Order issued by the Reich Minister of Economy
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “January 13 [1936]: The Reich Ministry of the Economy forbids Jews to take part in the sale of medals and honorary insignia.”“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1936
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Order issued by the Reich Minister of Interior
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “April 6 [1936]: The Reich Interior Ministry excludes Jews from the profession of translator.”
“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1936
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Laws Limiting or Eliminating Jews from Certain Professions”
3. Geography of Act
Romania
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “In December 1936, a parliamentary commission began consideration of a draft law to review the citizenship lists through which Romania’s national minorities, including the majority of Romanian Jews, had obtained Romanian citizenship. This sweeping draft did not become law, but the Tatarescu government issued a series of less ambitious decree-laws and administrative orders aimed at limiting or eliminating the presence of Jews in the liberal professions, finance and other branches of the economy.”
On the T_t_rescu government and the restrictive measures introduced in 1937; yadvashem.org, see Iancu; pp. 295-303
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1936
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Prohibition issued by the Country Welfare Office and Youth Welfare Office
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) The Country Welfare and Youth Welfare Office prohibit the recording of mixed-blood offspring (half-breeds) unless they are of the Mosaic faith, in municipal and private day nurseries, kindergartens, nurseries and play grounds. As a result of the State Commissioner’s Order of March 23, 1936, the decrees of 12 September 1934 and 17 February 1936 are hereby repealed, as it no longer reflects the legal situation after the “Nuremberg Laws”. The remaining mixed-blood offspring (half-breeds) have to be accommodated.spd-rhaunen.de/index.php?nr=26054&menu=1
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1937
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Law issued by Third Reich
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “…on June 11, 1937, one of the few remaining legal protections given to German Jews was further stripped away when Jews were prohibited from giving testimony in German courts.”
“1937: The Quiet Before the Storm.” holocaustchronicle.org
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1937
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Polish Medical Association
3. Geography of Act
Poland
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “The Polish Medical Association adopts a paragraph into their professional charter excluding Jews from the medical profession.”
“ANTISEMITISM IN INTERWAR POLAND 1919-1939,” worldfuturefund.org
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1937
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“The Kosher Slaughtering Bill”
3. Geography of Act
Poland
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) Bill enacted into law on January 1, 1937 that placed limits on the practice of the kosher slaughtering of cattle by Orthodox Jews. This bill allowed the Polish government to regulate the supply of cattle to kosher slaughterers. Jurisdictions in which Jews numbered less than three percent of the total population were permitted to outlaw kosher slaughtering altogether.Emanuel Melzer: No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry, 1935-1939 (Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1965) p. 90
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1937
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Decree issued by Reich Economics Ministry
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “On 27 November, 1937, a decree from the Reich Economics Ministry instructed supervisory bodies to grant absolute ‘priority’ to non-Jewish importers and to limit the quotas of Jewish importers correspondingly.”
Frank Bajohr: “‘Aryanisation’ in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion of the Jews and the Confiscation of their Property in Nazi Germany.” (2002) Orig. published in German in 1997; Online book; p. 175
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1938
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Decree on the Restoration of the Austrian Civil Service” issued in Occupied Austria
3. Geography of Act
Germany / Occupied Austria
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “May 31 [1938]: The Decree on the Restoration of the Austrian Civil Service dismisses civil servants who are Jewish, Mischlinge, or who are married to a Jew.”
“Principal Acts of Anti-Jewish Legislation in Germany, 1933-1945.” uoregon.edu; Online article
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1938
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Act XV of 1938” issued by Hungarian Government
3. Geography of Act
Hungary
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Hungary did in fact adopt two major anti-Jewish laws before entering the war on the side of Germany, the first in 1938…Act XV of 1938 is known as the ‘first Jewish law’ despite earlier anti-Jewish legislation. Act XV was similar to the numerus clausus, but broader in scope, more discriminatory in language, and less ambiguous in intent. Whereas the 1920 legislation was confined to university admissions, this new law extended restrictions to journalism, film and fine arts, law, engineering, and medicine. In each case the proportion of Jews was not to exceed 20 percent. That this proportion is less draconian than the earlier restrictions is less an admission of the severity of the first numerus clausus than recognition of the potential economic harm to Hungary a lower threshold might pose. Unlike the earlier law, Act XV names Jews specifically as the target, and defines them in religious rather than racial terms.”
Wittenberg, Jason: “International Influences on anti-Jewish Legislation in Interwar Hungary.” berkeley.edu; p. 82) “In Hungary, the first step toward a ‘racial’ discrimination among Hungarian citizens was the so-called first Jewish Law of 1938. It stipulated that the proportion of Jews in the chamber of the press, in the chamber of the theater and film, in the chambers of lawyers, engineers and medical doctors as well as in the professional jobs of certain companies should not go beyond twenty percent.”Molnar, Judit: “Gendarmes, Policemen, Functionaries and the Jews-New Findings on the Behavior of Hungarian Authorities During the Holocaust.” jewishvirtuallibrary.org3) “…the First…Jewish Law (May 1938)…statutes restricting Jews’ civil, business, and professional rights…”Levy, Richard S.: “Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1.” (2005) p. 3234) “On May 24, 1938, a month after Hitler’s annexation of Austria, the Hungarian parliament, in an effort to appease Hitler and prevent seizure of power by the Hungarian Nazis, enacted its first anti-Jewish law, prepared by the Horthy government, despite the bitter opposition of the Smallholders and Socialist parties and Bethlen’s conservative followers. The law limited employment of Jews in private business firms to 20 percent.”Dawidowicz, Lucy S.: “The War Against the Jews: 1933-1945.” (1975) Online book; p. 462
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1938
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Directive concerning Equity Sanctions for Real Estate Taxes issued by the Reich Ministry of the Interior
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews or Jewish organizations are not eligible to receive exemption from a property tax for their plots, except for burial places and under circumstances for hospitals.”
Walk Joseph, Das Sonderrecht fuer die Juden im NS-Staat (Heidelberg 1996) p. 447; Source of the original law: United Restitution Organization (URO) “Die Ausnahmegesetzgebung gegen Juden im Reich, den eingegliederten und besetzten Gebieten, sowie den im Einflussgebiet liegenden abhängigen Ländern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der wirtschaftlichen Diskriminierung 1933-1945;” Volume I; pp. 101-104
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1938
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Jewish Dress Code” Issued by Hans Frank
3. Geography of Act
Germany / Occupied Poland
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Hans Frank ordered all Jewish Poles above the age of 11 years in German-occupied Poland to wear white armbands with a blue Star of David.“Yellow badge;” wikipedia.org
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1938
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Ban on Jewish Immigration
3. Geography of Act
Columbia
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) In 1934 the Chamber of Commerce instigated an active anti-immigration propaganda. The press voiced its unanimous opposition to aliens, and in October 1938 the government passed new laws directed especially against Jews. In 1939 immigration ceased completely, and between 1945 and 1950 only 350 Jews entered the country.
“Jews in Colombia;” am-sur.com
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
Nov. 18, 1938
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Immigration ban on all Jews” issued by the Paraguayan Government
3. Geography of Act
Paraguay
4. Text of Act
““Paraguay has prohibited entrance of all Jews irrespective of their nationality or the class in which they are traveling. […] the ban also applies to Jews who are on [en] route with visas from Paraguay’s consuls [issued] in various countries.””
5. Source
Jewish Telegraphic Agency; Paraguay Ban Affects Jews of All Countries;
6. Researcher
Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research
2016
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Act IV of 1939” issued by Hungarian government
3. Geography of Act
Hungary
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Act IV of 1939, the second Jewish law, was detailed and draconian, and I only summarize it here. First, it revived a racial definition of Jewishness, though with some narrow provision for some Christian converts. Second, it lowered the maximum representation in the professions from 20 percent (in the first Jewish law) to 6 percent, the estimated Jewish proportion in the population. Third, it expanded the number of sectors where discrimination was legalized, which now included, among others, land holding, licenses for trade, and salaries. Fourth, unlike previous legislation, it introduced outright exclusions. Jews whose families had immigrated to Hungary after 1867 no longer had the right to vote or serve in parliament. Jews could no longer serve in the upper house of parliament unless it was as one of the designated representatives of the Jewish community. They could no longer serve as editors, publishers or directors, except for exclusively Jewish publications. Finally, the law added provisions for the protection of ‘national’ property in anticipation of Jewish emigration.”Wittenberg, Jason: “International Influences on anti-Jewish Legislation in Interwar Hungary.” witty.berkeley.edu/Hungary; p. 8.
2) “A year later [1939], a more far-reaching anti-Jewish law was passed, defining the status of Jews, barring them from leading positions in the media, prohibiting the issuance of new trade licenses to them or the renewal of old ones. The law also barred further admission of Jews to the professions until their share fell to below 6 percent. It authorized the government to expropriate, with compensation, Jewish landed property. Jews could no longer acquire Hungarian citizenship by naturalization, marriage, or adoption. Voting rights of nonnative Jews or those whose forebears were not permanently resident before 1868 were canceled.”Dawidowicz, Lucy S.: “The War Against the Jews: 1933-1945.” (1975) Online book; p. 462
3) “…a person is to be regarded as Jewish, If he or she, or at least one of the parents, or at least two of the grandparents were members of the Israelite denomination before the coming into force of the present Law.”Molnar, Judit: “Gendarmes, Policemen, Functionaries and the Jews-New Findings on the Behavior of
Hungarian Authorities During the Holocaust.” jewishvirtuallibrary.com
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Warsaw
3. Geography of Act
Poland
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews may not deal in textiles or processed leathers.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw,” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, Jewish Virtual Library, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Warsaw
3. Geography of Act
Poland
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews may not own radios or enter movie theaters. Jewish teachers may not teach in Polish schools.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Prague
3. Geography of Act
Czech Republic
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Long list of public amenities, parks, restaurants, museums, closed to Jews. Proprietors to put up signs ‘Entry forbidden to Jews’. The owners of public baths were ordered to have compartments set aside specifically for persons of Jewish descent and to signpost them as such. If that was not possible users of Jewish descent were to be segregated in time from users of non-Jewish descent. Bathing and lingering in state swimming pools is forbidden to Jews. Signs to be put up with The words ‘Entry forbidden to Jews’. Jewish proprietors of guest houses, wine bars, coffee houses, etc. are to display the sign ‘Jewish enterprise’.”“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Prague
3. Geography of Act
Czech Republic
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Curfew. Jews were forbidden to be out of doors after 20:00 hours. This prohibition was broadcast by word of mouth by the employees of the Jewish community offices.”“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
9th Regulation to the Reich Citizenship Law
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
None
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Warsaw
3. Geography of Act
Poland
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “A curfew imposed on all Jews in Warsaw from five o’clock.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
“Ban on Jews to Attend Public Schools”
3. Geography of Act
Germany
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “After 30 July 1939, Jews were no longer permitted to attend German public schools at all, and the prior quota law was eliminated by a non-public regulation in January 1940.”
A. G. v. Olenhusen: Die “nichtarischen” Studenten an den deutschen Hochschulen. Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 14 (1966), pp. 175–206
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Prague
3. Geography of Act
Czech Republic
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Handing over Radio Receivers. The Jews of Greater Prague had to hand over their radio receivers. The receivers, about 12,000 of them, were delivered during the deadline of two days and had to be stored by the Jewish community offices. The operation was particularly difficult because it coincided with the counting of Jews.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Warsaw
3. Geography of Act
Poland
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “Jews may not enter the central post office.”
“The Warsaw Ghetto: Anti-Semitic Decrees Against the Jews of Warsaw;” American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise; jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5. Source
None
6. Researcher
None
7. Year of Research
N/A
8. Notes
None
1. Full Date of Act
1939
2. Name of Act (or Short Description)
Prague
3. Geography of Act
Czech Republic
4. Text of Act
Commentary from other sources:
1) “On 16 March 1939 (i.e. one day after the invasion by Germany) Jewish lawyers were forbidden to practice, all Jewish employees in public administration, establishments and institutions, incl. courts and schools, were relieved of their duties. Jews are excluded from being any of the following: teachers and lecturers at secondary schools or others connected with schools with public access except for schools exclusively allocated for Jews, membership of public scientific institutions, learned societies, magistracy, assessors at patent tribunals, assessors at labour tribunals, assessors at courts of arbitration, sworn experts, members of juries or youth courts, notaries, translators, experts witnesses, public guardians, notaries, civil engineers, authorised mining engineers, employed by the stock exchange. Jews cannot be lawyers (solicitors’ clerks), defenders in criminal cases and patent attorneys. They cannot bedoctors, veterinary surgeon, pharmaceutical chemists, practicing artists (in theatres or the film industry, editors except for periodicals specifically directed at Jews. Jews are not permitted to participate in the political life or be members of associations. Jewish doctors may only treat Jewish patients.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015