The following are Acts that are missing either a full date and/or an Official source.
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | “Expropriation of Jewish Real Estate Properties” |
| 3. Geography of Act | Romania |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “… yet another decree legalized the expropriation of Jewish real estate.” “Shattered! 50 Years of Silence: History and Voices of the Tragedy in Romania and Transnistria: Anti-Jewish Decrees;” nizkor.org |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Law issued by Prime Minister Ion Antonescu |
| 3. Geography of Act | Romania |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “In numerous instances Antonescu personally instigated specific anti-Semitic steps adopted by the Romanian fascist state: on June 19, 1941, Antonescu ordered the closure of all ‘Jewish communist cafés’ and the completion of lists—region by region—of all ‘Jidani, communist agents, and [communist] sympathizers’; the Ministry of the Interior was to ‘prevent them from circulating’ and to prepare ‘to deal with them’ when Antonescu gave the order…” “The Role of Ion Antonescu in the Planniing and Implementation of Antisemitic and Anti-Roma Policies of the Romanian State.” Online paper at yadvashem.org; p. 1 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Order issued by Colonel Vasile Nica |
| 3. Geography of Act | Transnistria |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “On September 3, 1941, Colonel Vasile Nica, the prefect of Balta county, ordered all the Jews?or ‘kikes’ (jidani) as he termed them in the ordinance in the town to move into the ghetto (in an area restricted to four streets) within three days. He appointed the Jewish elder Pribluda Shloimu Abramovici as head of the ghetto, allowing him to select colleagues to assist in administration. An independent bakery, pharmacy, and hospital staffed solely by Jews were to be established; flour for the bakery was to be provided by the town of Balta as an advance against payment for its products. A market was to be set up where the inhabitants could buy and sell produce between 9:00 a.m. and noon. The head of the ghetto was also authorized to organize a Jewish police force to protect the lives and belongings of the residents.” “Ghettos 1939-1945 New Research and Perspectives on Definition, Daily Life, and Survival.” ushmm.org 2) “On September 3, 1941 Colonel Vasile Nica, within three days, ordered all district Jews into a ghetto across four street blocks. He appointed one Jew as a ‘primar’ who was authorized set up a Jewish police force, prohibiting any one to leave the ghetto and sentenced everyone 14-60 years old, men and women, to hard labor. In addition, every Jew had to wear a yellow star and a registration number. Balta had local Jews as well as Jews deported from Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Dorohoi.” “Balta Ghetto Listings: Introduction By Oleg Sirbu and Nolan Altman.” JewishGen.org, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are excluded from obtaining oranges and mandarins.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Prohibition to dispose of own property. By means of an announcement, which every head of a Jewish family had to sign, Jews were henceforth prohibited from disposing of their own property. These forms were checked, were sent by courier to the provincial Jewish community offices and returned when signed.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are prohibited from walking along and in the vicinity of the castle.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Decree No. 23 issued by Gheorghe Alexianu |
| 3. Geography of Act | Transnistria |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources:
1) “On 11 November [1941] Gheorghe Alexianu, the Romanian Governor of Transnistria, made public Decree No. 23 concerning the organization of Jewish life; this decree became the ‘constitution’ of the ghettos and camps. According to the decree, Jews were confined to those villages and towns where local Jews or Russians had lived before. The local gendarmerie was authorized to select the places of residence. The decree further limited their movement and stipulated that they had to earn their living by forced labor for the benefit of the authorities (in the Agreement of Tighina, clause 7 referred to Jewish forced labor for the German Army). A fixed wage of one mark per day for simple workers and two marks for professionals and specialists was to be paid by allotment of food, which was to be supplied by the authorities. The decree also dealt with the internal structure of the community (called ‘colonie’ in the text). Every community had to choose a ‘head’ from among the deportees to serve as its spokesman, pending the approval of the pretor of the region (usually a Romanian officer). The ‘head’ was personally responsible for fulfilling all the demands for labor set by the Romanian authorities and for detailing workers for different tasks, some of them very difficult. The workers were divided into groups of twenty, headed by a chief who also had to be approved by the pretor. Decree No. 23 was little more than deception. It gave the impression that there was a clear Romanian Jewish policy for Transnistria, and it referred to what might be considered as the ‘normal life’ of deported people in war conditions. But, although the decree covered elements of regular daily life-dwelling, food supplies, work and self organization- in reality the physical and material condition of the deportees was completely disregarded.”
“The Holocaust in the Soviet Union: Studies and Sources on the Destruction of the Jews in the Nazi-Occupied Territories of the Ussr, 1941-1945.” Lucjan Dobroszycki. Page 141. Online book, Accessed on 10/10/2012
2) “The official determination of living conditions for all Jews in Transnistria—deported and local—was set out in decree no. 23 issued by Gheorghe Alexianu, Governor of Transnistria, on 11 November 1941. Here, the term colony (colonie) was introduced to describe those communities of Jews living in towns and villages. Later, in the language of official reports, as we shall see in respect of Golta county, ‘ghetto’ and ‘colony’ were sometimes interchangeable—the ghetto comprising no more than three or four houses—while the distinction between ‘colony’ and ‘labour camp’ (lag-r de munc?) was occasionally blurred, the term ‘labour colony’ (colonie de munc?) being employed.”
“Hitler’s Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and his Regime, Romania, 1940-1944, Chapter 8, Transnistria: The Fate of the Jews and Romas.” Dennis Deletant, Palgrave-Macmillan. 2006, Pages 198-99. Online, Accessed on 12/31/2013 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are excluded from special sugar allocation.”
“Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “On trains Jews are permitted only in the lowest class of carriage. Jews are not permitted to use fast and through trains. Jews are only permitted to use the last carriage. Jews will not be sold platform tickets. In case of overcrowding Jews are completely excluded from travelling.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are excluded from the practice of fishing and from all related activities whether as owners of fishing rights or assistants.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | “Expulsion of Jews” |
| 3. Geography of Act | Slovakia |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Bratislava Jews expelled to rural Slovakia.” “The Holocaust: Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932 – 1945);” jewishvirtuallibrary.org |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Handing over of typewriters and bicycles. Jews had to deliver up to the Jewish community offices all typewriters and bicycles in their possession.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are prohibited from visiting the Xmas fair on the Charles Place.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Law issued by Prime Minister Ion Antonescu |
| 3. Geography of Act | Romania [Provisional] |
| 4. Text of Act | “General Staff Division II of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Cabinet of Military) I have the honor to make known: By employing Jews to work for universal use, they can make contact with people in our villages, where they try to make Communist propaganda or – corruption – to get certain benefits, or to infect them with diseases. …It is therefore read as follows: …that Romanian Jews to live in houses, – the Jews accommodation will be done outside the towns. To this end will build huts or barracks immediately. …General Staff General, N. Mazan Head of Section II of Lt. Colonel, R. Dinulescu VI. Copy N. 37 721 1941 months XI on 13.” |
| 5. Source | “Legi rasiale in regimul Ion Antonescu. Munca Obsteasca obligatory Arhivele Sfera Politicii.” [Laws racial regime of Ion Antonescu. Policy Scope Archives obligatory public organization work] Alexandru Florian, Accessed online 8/8/2012 |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are excluded from any special allocation of pulses.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Following an announcement by the Ministry of Finance Jews were encouraged to deposit their stamp or other collections in their name with a foreign exchange bank, at the latest by 15.03.41. A stamp collection is not only a collection for the purpose of philately but also a stock of stamps. The announcement does not apply to Jews of foreign nationality or to those non-Jews married to a Jewish spouse in a mixed marriage.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Law issued by Vichy government |
| 3. Geography of Act | Vichy France |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “A census of Jews and Jewish property was also decreed. The law of July 22, 1941, gave the General Commissioner wide powers in the process of expropriating Jewish property and business.” Dawidowicz, Lucy S.: “The War Against the Jews: 1933-1945.” (1975) p. 438 2) “July 22, 1941: France’s Vichy government begins expropriation of Jewish businesses.”
“1941: Mass Murder.” Online book |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews excluded from all but one post office, the permitted post office is at Prague II, Insel-gasse 9, access limited to between 13:00and 15:00. Similar rules apply in other towns.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | “Jewish Dress Code” |
| 3. Geography of Act | Romania |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “All Romanian Jews were ordered to wear the yellow badge.” Evans, Richard J.: The Third Reich at War, 1939-1945 (Penguin Books; 2008) p. 231 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | “Jewish Code” issued by Parliament |
| 3. Geography of Act | Slovakia |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “The large number of anti-Jewish decrees and the pressure exerted by extreme nationalists to base all anti-Jewish legislation on Nazi Germany’s Nuremberg Laws led to a revision of the decrees and to their centralization within the context of a single law. The term ‘Jew’ was redefined – this time on a racial basis. The decrees became 270 sections of this new law, ‘The Legal Status of the Jews in Slovakia,’ which became known as the Jewish Code. The Code, which was approved by parliament on September 9, 1941, was welcomed by the Nazi leaders in Berlin and by Slovak radicals.” Fatran, Gila: “Slovakia’s Righteous among the Nations.” yadvashem.org 2) The government of the State of Slovakia has issued yesterday a decree defining the legal position of Jews. Today, the ‘Jewish Codex’ containing detailed anti-Jewish measures and rules which are in force as of today, was published. The governmental decree contains 270 paragraphs. It may be said that this step performed by the Slovak government is one of the most important and basic ones, since it involves, basically, the economic and public life in Slovakia. Undoubtedly, the Jewish problem has remained, here in Slovakia, the most burning problem. Even whilst strict rules were already in force, there still remained loopholes which had to be filled in order to end, once and for all, the Jewish rule. This is achieved by this latest decree. Although we can only list the only in the essence and basics those new rules defining the Jews in Slovakia, we cannot but accentuate the fact the people of Slovakia here, since the beginning of their struggle for independence and national unity, fought against this power and reign of Jewish terror. Nobody has hit and driven into poverty the people of Slovakia more than the Jews did in a systematic manner…In this way Andrej Hlinka led the nation, the party, his successor, the State and nation leader Dr. Jozef Tiso, who has expressed himself, similarly and clearly, in the new situation…This is also the purpose of the ‘Jewish Codex’ which has been published today in Bratislava, and according to which, all single organs of the Slovakian State will deal uncompromisingly and consistently with the greatest tyrants of the Slovakian nation, the Jews. And thus perform one of the best, most precious and most blessed services to the Slovakian nation and so, to satisfy all Slovaks, in the spirit of the national struggle, national consolidating and regulating endeavors, and let them find, after the Jews have gone, that everything in Slovakia belongs to them: The wealth given us by God and morals untouched by nobody and by nothing…Slovak, no 209, September 11, 1941.”
“Defining the Legal Position of the Jews in Slovakia.” jewishvirtuallibrary.org |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Handing over of Skiing gear, Gramophones and of Gramophone Records. Jews had to deliver up to the Jewish community offices their skiing gear as well as their gramophones and gramophone records.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are excluded from any allocation of tobacco.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Decree issued by Vichy government |
| 3. Geography of Act | Vichy France |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “A decree enacted on November 29, 1941, established the Union Generale des Israelites de France (UGIF), whose officially stated purpose was to provide representation for all Jews vis-a-vis the state authorities, especially with regard to relief and social welfare. All existing Jewish organizations, excepting religious associations, were ordered dissolved and their property turned over to UGIF. Its board was to be administered by eighteen French-born Jews, nine in each zone, and to be under the authority of the General Commissariat for Jewish Affairs.” Dawidowicz, Lucy S.: “The War Against the Jews: 1933-1945.” (1975) p. 438, Online book 2) “In other countries occupied by the Nazis Jewish councils were established in France a central Judenrat, the Union Generale Des Israelites De France (UGIF) was set up on 29 November 1941. It consisted of two branches, one in German –occupied northern France and the other in Vichy France, in the south. All other political and public Jewish organisations were shut down, though most continued to operate as independent bodies under the cover of UGIF departments, which enabled them to combine their legal functions with their clandestine aid and rescue operations. The UGIF was headed by prominent pre-war Jewish leaders who took no part in the arrest, imprisonment, and deportation of Jews, and who tried to ease the overall lot of the French Jews.” Webb, Chris and Raglund, Robert: “The Judenrat; Councils of Elders.” Online article |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | Prague |
| 3. Geography of Act | Czech Republic |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Pets, such as dogs, cats, birds, in the possession of Jews and their Aryan dependents, are to be handed in.” “Nazi Restrictions on the Jews of Prague & The Role of the Jewish Community Council,” Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Accessed 8/27/2015 |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |
| 1. Full Date of Act | 1941 |
|---|---|
| 2. Name of Act (or Short Description) | “Notice regarding the obligatory wearing of Jewish insignia and the marking of Jewish trades, stores and companies” issued by the Bureau of City Police of Varazdin |
| 3. Geography of Act | Present-day Croatia |
| 4. Text of Act | Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews in [the] Independent State of Croatia [are] ordered to wear ‘Jewish insignia.'” “Notice regarding the obligatory wearing of Jewish insignia and the marking of Jewish trades, stores and companies.” Jasenovac Memorial Site |
| 5. Source | None |
| 6. Researcher | None |
| 7. Year of Research |
None
|
| 8. Notes | None |