Unconfirmed Acts

The following are Acts that are missing either a full date and/or an Official source.

Displaying 150 – 175 of 742
1. Full Date of Act 1145
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Papal Bull” issued by Eugenius III
3. Geography of Act Papal States; Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Pope Eugenius orders Jews to remit interest on debts of Crusaders while absent. Jewish Encyclopedia: The Popes; jewishencyclopedia.com
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1146
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Persecution of Jews”
3. Geography of Act Almohad Empire
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Beginning of Jewish persecution in Almohad in northern Africa and Southern Spain; Jews flee or pretend to accept Islam. [The persecution could have been ordered by Caliph Abd al-Mu’min.] Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1148
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Restriction on Jews”
3. Geography of Act Almohad Caliphate; Present-day Spain
4. Text of Act Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Only Jews who had converted to Christianity or Islam were allowed to live in Granada. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1150
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Matisconensian Council
3. Geography of Act Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““We decree that no Christian slave may serve a Jew.””
5. Source Decretum Gratiani, Pars I, Distinctio LIV, Can. XVIII,
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2015
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1150 C.E.
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) The Tolletanean Council
3. Geography of Act Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““If after the Jew has been baptized, he should transgress against Christ, he must be condemned…””
5. Source Decretum Gratiani, Pars II, Causa I, Questio IV, Can. VII,
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2015
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1153
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Henry II Tallages on Jews
3. Geography of Act England
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “The Jews had prospered since they had immigrated to England, but the reign of Henry II was, despite the introduction of tallages (taxes) on Jews, a particularly good one for them.” Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 9
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1156
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Persecution of Jews”
3. Geography of Act Khwarazmian Dynasty
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews of Persia are persecuted on the account of pseudo Messia David Alroy. [The persecution could have followed a decree issued by Shah Il-Arslan “The Lion” (Taj ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Il-Arslan ibn Atsiz).] Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1165
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Forced Conversion of Jews,” 1165
3. Geography of Act Yemen
4. Text of Act Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Jews forced to convert in Yemen. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1169
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Decretal V, vi. c. IV
3. Geography of Act Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act “

“On Good Friday, Jews may not keep their doors or windows open”

”
5. Source Corpus Juris Canonici, decretal V, vi, c. iv
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1171
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Expulsion of Jews”
3. Geography of Act Present-day Italy
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews are expelled from Bologna.” Graetz, Heinrich: History of the Jews, Volume 3; (Philadelphia; 1894); Cosman, Madeline and Linda Jones: handbook to Life in the Medieval World; (New York; 2008)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1172
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Persecution of Jews” by Sultan Saladin
3. Geography of Act Ayyubid Dynasty
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Persecution of the Jews of Yemen.” [Shortly after Queen Arwa’s death, the country was split between five competing petty dynasties along religious lines.] Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903) wikipedia.org
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1174
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Jews Excluded from Public Offices” issued by Sultan Nur ad-Din Mahmud
3. Geography of Act Seljuk Empire
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Sultan Nureddin Mahmud removes all Jews of Syria and Egypt from public offices. Funk & Wagnalls: Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume IV (1903)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1177
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Burial Grounds for Jews Around 1177
3. Geography of Act England
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Jews of England had had to use the burial ground in London, but in 1177 were permitted to purchase burial grounds outside any city where they lived.” Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 11
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1178
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Rhine-Franken Peace Treaty” Issued by the Friedrich I
3. Geography of Act Present-day Germany
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Kaiser Friedrich I could […] considers the local Jews to “belong to his chamber” and to be under his direct protection in the “Rhine-Franken Peace treaty.” Demel, Michael: Gebrochene Normalität, S. 51
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1179
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Leges Edwardi (Laws of Edward) – Decree XXV concerning the Jews” issued by Edward the Confessor
3. Geography of Act Angevin England; Present-day England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““It should be know that all Jews, wheresoever in the realm they be, ought to be under the guard and protection of the king’s liege. Nor ought any of them place himself under any rich man without the king’s licence [license]; because the Jews themselves and all theirs belong to the king. And if any detain them or their money, let the king, if he will and can, ask it back as if it were his own.” “”
5. Source Jacobs, Joseph: The Jews of Angevin England: Documents and Record from Latin and Hebrew Sources; (London; 1893)
6. Researcher Ziba Shadjaani
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes
Researcher
Exact date is unknown.
1. Full Date of Act 1180
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Imprisonment of Jews for Ransom” order issued by Philip Augustus
3. Geography of Act France
4. Text of Act Commentary from Other Sources: 1) After four months in power, Philip Augustus imprisons all the Jews in his lands and demands a ransom for their release. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1181
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) The Assize of Arms (1181)
3. Geography of Act England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““Clause 7 Item, let no Jew keep in his possession a hauberk or an ‘aubergel’, but let him sell them or give them away or otherwise dispose of them that they may remain in the king’s service.””
5. Source David C. Douglas and George W. Greenaway, eds., English Historical Documents (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1953), II, 416-17 Accessed 5/2015
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act Apr. 1182
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Edict of expulsion issued by King Philip Augustus
3. Geography of Act Present-day France [Provisional]
4. Text of Act “…all Jews should be expelled by the next feast of St. John the Baptist.”
5. Source Jacobs, English History by Contemporary Writers: The Jews of Angevin England (1893): 75-6
6. Researcher Joan Paez
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1189
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Order issued by King Philip Augustus
3. Geography of Act France
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “His [King Philip Augustus of France] contribution to the Third Crusade (1189), preached at this time was a cancellation of debts owed to Jews.” Flannery, Edward H.: “The Anguish of the Jews.” p. 101
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1190
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Jews expelled from Edmondsbury Around 1190
3. Geography of Act England
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) Jews expelled from Edmondsbury Around 1190 Joseph Jacobs: The Jews of Angevin England, p. 141
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1194
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Northampton Donum
3. Geography of Act England
4. Text of Act Commentary from other sources: 1) “Representatives of the Jews of England were summoned to meet… to agree what each community should pay towards the amount assessed as the Jews’ share of the ransom demanded for the release of King Richard I.” Langham, Raphael: The Jews in Britain: A chronology, p. 16
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1194
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Ordinance of the Jews” issued by Richard I
3. Geography of Act England [Provisional]
4. Text of Act “All the debts, pledges, mortgages, lands, houses, rents and possessions of the Jews shall be registered. The Jew who shall conceal any of these shall forfeit to the King his body and the thing concealed, and likewise all his possessions and chattels, neither shall it be lawful to the.Tew (sic) to recover th-e.thing (sic) concealed. Likewise six or seven places (1) [Editor includes ‘(1) Probably London, Lincoln, Norwich, Winchester, Canterbury, Oxford, Cambridge, Nottingham, Hereford, or Bristol.] shall be provided in which they shall make all their contracts, and there shall be appointed two lawyers that are Christians and two lawyers that are Jews, and two legal registrars, and before them and the clerks of William of the Church of St. Mary’s and William of Chimilli, shall their contracts be made. And charters shall be made of their contracts by way of indenture. And one part of the indenture shall remain with the Jew, sealed with the seal of him, to whom the money is lent, and the other part shall remain in the common chest…And from henceforth no contract shall be made with, nor payment, made to, the Jews, nor any alteration made in the charters, except before the said persons or the greater part of them, if all of them cannot be present…Moreover every Jew shall swear on his Roll, that all his debts and pledges and rents, and all his goods and his possessions, he shall cause to be enrolled, and that he shall conceal nothing as is aforesaid…”
5. Source “Medieval Sourcebook: English Jewry is Organized: The Ordinance of the Jews, 1194.” Paul Halsall. January 1999, Accessed online 8/4/2011
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1198
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) “Forced Conversion of Jews” ordered by Caliph al-Malik
3. Geography of Act Yemen
4. Text of Act Commentary from Other Sources: 1) Saladdin’s nephew al-Malik, Caliph of Yemen, summons all the Jews and forcibly converts them. Avraham, Yerachmiel Ben: All in the Name of Jesus: The Murder of Millions (2016)
5. Source None
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1198
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Laws of the Church about the Jews, issued by the Catholic Church, ca. 1198 AD
3. Geography of Act Holy Roman Empire [Provisional]
4. Text of Act ““C. I.—If a slave, bought by a Jew, becomes or desires to become a Christian, for trading purposes, he is redeemed for 12 pence. C. II.—A Jew cannot have a Christian for a slave but he can for a churl. C. III.—Jews may keep their old synagogues, may not erect new ones. C. IV.—On Good Friday Jews may not keep their doors or windows open. C. V.— Christians ought to be excommunicated who serve Jews in their houses. And secular princes ought to be excommunicated who spoil baptized Jews of their goods. C. VII.—Jews may restore their synagogues to their former state, but may not build them up afresh. C. VIII.—Christians ought not to be in the family service of Jews. C. IX.—Jews are not to be baptized against their will nor forced to it, nor to be condemned without judgment, nor to be spoiled of their goods nor disturbed at their festivals, nor are their cemeteries to be molested or their bodies to be exhumed. C.XIII.—Jews ought not to have Christian nurses or servants, those doing contrary are to be interdicted from commerce with Christians. C. XIV.—A Jew who strikes a priest is punished by the temporal power, and, if he cannot be, he is interdicted from commerce with Christian men till he has given satisfaction for the injury.””
5. Source Catholic Church. Corpus iuris canonici. (cc. 771-8). Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1959.Electronic reproduction. Vol 1-2. New York, N.Y. : Columbia University Libraries, 2007. Columbia University Libraries Electronic Books. 2006. Accessed online
6. Researcher Dominik Jacobs
7. Year of Research 2016
8. Notes None
1. Full Date of Act 1201
2. Name of Act (or Short Description) Papal bull issued by Pope Innocent III
3. Geography of Act Present-day Italy [Provisional]
4. Text of Act “Papal Bull on Forced Baptisms (1201)…Assuredly, it is contrary to the Christian faith that one who is unwilling and totally opposed to [being baptized] be constrained to adopt and observe Christianity. For this reason, some make a distinction, which is valid, between those who are unwilling and those who are constrained. It is thus that he who is led to Christianity by violence, by fear, and by torture, and who receives the sacrament of baptism to avoid harm (even as he who comes falsely to baptism), receives indeed the stamp of Christianity and can be obliged to observe the Christian faith, even as he who expresses a conditional will, although in absolute terms he is unwilling. It is in this fashion that the decree of the Council of Toledo must be understood, which stated that those who previously had been forced to become Christians, as was done in the time of the most pious Prince Sisebut, and their association with the divine sacraments having been established, by the grace of the baptism received, they themselves having been anointed by the holy oil and having participated in the body of the Lord, must be duly constrained to abide by the faith they had accepted by force. However, he who has never consented, but has altogether opposed it, has received neither the stamp nor the purpose, for it is better to object expressly than to manifest the slightest consent…”
5. Source “POPE INNOCENT III, On the Jews and Forced Baptisms (1199, 1201, 1209).” Alexis P. Rubin, Accessed online 10/3/2011
6. Researcher None
7. Year of Research N/A
8. Notes None