“Toll/Tax Ordinance of Finstermünz,*” (Zollordnung) year 1618 [Present-day Austria] [Provisional]: “Jews passing through on foot pay 10 Kreuzer* those on horseback pay 20 Kreuzer**.” [Researcher’s note: The above is a translation of a summary of the original text from an authoritative source. *Finstermünz (called now Altfinstermünz) is a strategic Medieval court city and border fortification which was set up on the order of Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1472. **A Kreuzer was a silver coin, which was worth about 5 pennies at that time. This means that Jews on foot had to pay an equivalent of 50 pennies; those on horseback 100 pennies to pass through Finstermünz.]
Studien zur Geschichte und Gesellschaft Vorarlbergs. Regionalstudie zur Geschichte einer Weltanschauung [-] Antisemitismus in Vorarlberg. Herausgegeben von Werner Dreier in Zusammenarbeit mit der Johann-August-Malin-Gesellschaft. Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung in Wien, des Landes Voralberg, der Landeshauptstadt Bregenz sowie der Stadt Hohenems. (“Studies Regarding the History and Society of Voralberg. A Regional study Regarding the History of a Weltanschauung [-] Anti-Semitism in Voralsberg. Published by Werner Dreier in Cooperation with the Johann-August-Malin-Society. Printed with the support of the Federal Ministry for Science and Research in Vienna, the State of Voralberg, State Capital of Bregenz and the City of Hohenems.”); (Bregenz; 1988); Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 10/3/2018