Dec. 7, 1705

Jew-Regulation, issued by Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, King in Germany, for the City of Frankfurt am Main [Present-day Germany]: “No Jew shall give shelter to a foreign Jew for more than fourteen days without prior notification of the Lord Mayor, unless he should be related by blood, in the third degree or closer, i.e., father, son or daughter, under penalty of ten guilders. In order to distinguish Christians from Jews, all Jews and Jewesses shall wear a yellow ring on their garment, under penalty of 12 shillings. On Sundays, feast days and high holy days, the Jews shall not be found anywhere in the city, except in their own streets, and they shall refrain from any trade on those days. In the public markets, Jews and Jewesses shall not interfere in any purchase made by a Christian, under penalty of 8 shillings, and they may not touch anything with their hands, be it herbs, bread, fruit or other wares; that which they do touch, they must pay for, and not put down again. In addition, Jews are strictly prohibited from lending any money to a secular judge.”