Confirmed/Incomplete – Page 5

“Royal Court Decree” (‘Hofdecret’) issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “[…] Israelis, who are being expelled from the r[oyal] i[mperial] lands, are not only to submit 20 percent of the departure-fee, but also – in consideration of the old tax arrears – to leave behind an appropriate amount. […]” Gesetze, […]

“Court Decree” issued by the Imperial Court of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (Franz) [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany; Holy Roman Empire]: “Jews are prohibited to trade with grains and hay.” [Researcher’s note: This prohibition was renewed January 12, 1802; December 21, 1807; January 22, 1808; March 24, 1808; February 13, 1812; April 17, […]

“Gubernatorial-Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “[…] Furthermore, it is to be noted/reported (‘anzuzeigen’) each time, whether the Jewish marriage-applicants are from Bohemia or foreigners who are from Moravia, because some of the villages in Bohemia have the same name as those in Moravia […].” Versuch einer systematischen […]

“Patent” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “All locally (in the country) produced nitrate/saltpeter (‘Salpeter’) is state-owned property and can only be excavated with the permission of the same (state) and manufactured into gunpowder. […] Permission shall be granted to anyone who is capable [to excavate saltpeter or to […]

“General Trade Regulation” issued by the Rechenei-Amt* [Present-day Germany; Free City of Frankfurt]: “Since a number of exchange/money and merchandize brokers have submitted complaints to the Rechenei-Amt* for a while that a number of Christians, but to a much greater [extent], Jews, who are not even established citizens, and are therefore not even permitted to trade […]

“Regulation” issued by Kaiser Friedrich Wilhelm III [Prussia; Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium]: “[…] Jews in all of the provinces are to be regarded as ‘foreigners’ in all aspects of commerce and exchange (Handel und Wandel).” Kreutzberger, Mark: Leo Baeck Institute New York Bibliothek und Archiv. Katalog, Vol. 1); (Tübingen; 1970) Researched and Translated by Ziba […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “Since it was explicitly announced via Royal Decree of May 31, 1798, that neither according to the previous nor the new Jewish Patents, is it allowed for Jews to purchase/take ownership of residential homes in the cities […] therefore, the local regional […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] if/when a Jew asks/requests to travel to Austria, he is to be issued a special passport for this land/country without the addition of any other country and with the omission of the word ‘trade,’ […] and that it should be mentioned at the end that […]

“Royal Decree” issued by the Royal Court of Austria [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “In the Royal Decree of May 31, 1798, it was already declared that Jews are not permitted to take ownership of a residential home in the cities by inheritance under any circumstances […] and the ordinance of November 16, […]

“Royal Court Decree” (‘Hofdecret”) issued to all border/customs authorities [Present-day Austria]: “His Majesty have graciously decided to allow the import of Jewish and Hebrew religious and school books printed abroad for another two years starting on August 3 of this year; however, they [His Majesty] have ordered simultaneously that starting on August 4,1802, the import […]

“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “[…] Israelis who wish to be remain here [in Vienna] only on account of handed-over projects (‘wegen überreichten Projecten’) are to be expelled from [Vienna]. […]” Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 bis Ende 1825, […]

“Governmental Decision” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] family-lists* [of Jews] are to be turned in by May 15 of each year, and all employees are to be listed accurately with their true first and last names, especially married females [are to be listed] with the names of their husbands, along with their […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “[…] A second-born Jew, who comes in (to apply) for the preservation/continuation of a family*, must at all times [be able to] provide proper evidence that he is indeed a second-born, because merely the claim of the applicant cannot be taken into […]

“Servants Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “6) […] even though Jews are permitted to lease [property] as per the authorities and [current] law, they are never to be allowed [to lease land] for (the purpose of) serfdom [and this] is to be closely monitored as violators are […]

“Decision” (‘Entscheidung’) of the [City] Council of Frankfurt [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt]: “Jews are not permitted to work as notaries.” [Researcher’s note: A similar order was issued on May 24, 1798.] Der frühere und jetzige Zustand der Israeliten zu Frankfurt am Main. Von Dr. Johann Heinrich Bender, Advokaten daselbst. (Past and present […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] no protection-tax is to be collected from those Jews whose limited toleration-period has expired, even if they wish to pay it; but instead – as soon as their toleration-period has expired, and they are unable to provide documentation that their toleration has been extended – […]

“Decision/Announcement” (“Bescheid”) issued by the Royal Court Chancellery [Present-day Austria]: “[…] such Israelis (foreign Jews coming to study at the university in Vienna) are to produce a credible proof of their progress every six months and to refrain (‘sich zu enthalten’) from all [other] trades (‘Negotien’) […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Jews, who have a permit to trade with paper, wool, raw leather, or any other kind of trade, are to register their permit as well as their company with the Royal Imperial Commerce and Exchange Court […]” Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von […]

“Highest/Supreme Ordinance for the Land/Country” (‘Höchstlandesherrliche Verordnung’) issued by the Government of the Prince-Electorate of Upper Palatinate [Prince-Electorate of Upper Palatinate; Present-day Germany]: “After His Highness, the Prince-Elector of Palatinate/Bavaria […] have been displeased to gathered from documents that show large scams, usury, and the oppression of subjects [being committed] which are to their and […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] The Jewish wine-dispensers (‘Weinschenker’) are to always live in the same place where the dispensary is. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal […]

“Royal Chancellery Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Chancellery [Present-day Austria]: “[…] in order not to rein in (bring) little by little several Jewish families to Vienna, it is to be seen to that the Kosher-dispensers keep (employ) only unmarried waiters as required. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] the ID cards/permits of the Israeli students must always contain the remark whether the student is the son of a Viennese tolerated family or a foreigner, and whether – in the latter case – he has received permission to study in Vienna from the local […]

“Governmental Decree” of the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] each tolerated [Jew] has to include [in his family-list (form)] when and for what he has received [a] toleration [permit] for Vienna and the amount of protection-money (‘Schutzgeld’) […] he pays. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Furthermore, no Jew, who faces expulsion or whose removal may have been ordered because of his prolonged stay, shall be granted an extension [for residency] on the grounds of wanting [to receive] schooling in the Christian belief, because he may receive such instructions just as […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “[…] henceforth, (the performance of) circumcision is not to be permitted [to any Jew] until he has applied and received a credible certificate from the r[oyal] regional authorities (‘Kreisamte’) that proves that he has received the necessary instructions/lessons and after he has […]

“Ordinance regarding Beggars and Vagabonds and such Thieves and Bands of Robber” issued by Prince Wilhelm d’Orange of Nassau [Holy Roman Empire; Present-day Germany; Principality of Orange-Nassau]: “By the grace of God, We Wilhelm IX, Landgrave to Hesse […] announce herewith: […] 6) […] Beggar-Jews and other suspicious Jews are not to be permitted to enter the […]

“Patent” of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (Franz) [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: “[…] 21) Jews are to behave according to the common laws that are valid for foreigners, and […] they are to report to the collectors (‘Collectanten’) within three days in regards to the consumption tax (‘Verzehrungssteuer’). […]” Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, […]

“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “[…] since Jewish divorces must be carried out by the so-called learned or Rabbis, but since the tolerated [Jews] here do not have a Rabbi nor are permitted to have a Rabbi, a Jew, whom the parties have chosen to place their trust in, […]

“Decision” (‘Entscheidung’) of the [City] Council of Frankfurt [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt]: “Jew are not permitted to work as notaries.” [Researcher’s note: This order was reissued on October 15, 1799.] Der frühere und jetzige Zustand der Israeliten zu Frankfurt am Main. Von Dr. Johann Heinrich Bender, Advokaten daselbst. (Past and present conditions […]

“Royal Court Ordinance” (‘Hofverordnung’) issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “Jews are prohibited to peddle.” Das Ganze der österreichischen politischen Administration, mit vorzüglicher Rücksicht auf das Erzherzogthum Österreich unter der Enns. In systematisch geordnetem Abhandlungen dargestellt von Joh. Ludwig Ehrenreich Grafen von Barth-Barthenheim. (Wien; 1843); (The entire Austrian, political administration, […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “All Talmud-teachers, except tested/certified (‘geprüft’) Rabbis (Rabbis who have gone through an examination) are to quit immediately. The [right to] issue/approve (‘koramisirung’) school certificates must be reserved for the regional school commissionaire (‘Kreisschulkommissär’).” Auszug aller im Königreiche Böhmen bestehenden Verordnungen und Gesetze […]

“Governmental Decree” (‘Regierungsdecret’) of the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “For applications of tolerance [permits] […], the morality and other characteristics/attributes of the applicants [submitted] by the representatives of the Jewry must be done in writing.” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions […]

“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] the superfluous (‘überflüssig’) Jews not belonging to specific families [are to be] expelled. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions to the Political Statutes of the Austrian Royal State; published […]

“Jewish Patent” issued by Emperor Francis [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary]: “[…] Jews are prohibited from purchasing and owning immovable goods […].” Bondy, Gottlieb and Franz Dworsky: Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien; II 1577-1620 (History of Jews in Bohemia, Maehren, and Silesia; Vol. II 1577-1620); (Prague; 1906); Researched and Translated by Ziba […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) is directed to instruct the police guards/sentinels set up at the borders (‘Linien’) to clearly include on each [piece of] paper which they give out to arriving Jews in return for their withheld passports, […] the […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government and addressed to the Jewish representatives [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Just as the faculties (‘Studien-Confesse’) are obliged to report these Individuals (Jewish students) to the Royal Imperial Lower Austrian government (‘k. k. n. ö. Regierung’) every year, so are the Viennese [Jewish] representatives required […] to instruct such students […]

“Mandate” issued by the Chancellory of Basel (‘Canzley Basel’) [Present-day Switzerland]: “[… regarding] Trading and peddling in the city. 1) […] Jews are to refrain from trading and peddling except during the annual fair and during the four Ember-Day-markets (‘Frohnfastenmärkten’), for the first [transgression the violator is to face] a fine appropriate/proportionate to the [worth of […]

“General-Jewish-Regulation for South- and New-East-Prussia” (‘General-Juden-Reglement’) [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] §16) In order that opportunities for local Jewesses to get married are not diminished, no Jew may be permitted to get married to a foreign Jewess if she cannot show to have contributed at least 500 Rthlr [Reichsthaler] to the marriage [as dowry […]

Order, “The Jewish-communities must send their lists to the Head-Rabbi of Schwerin every year” issued by Frederick Francis I, Duke of Mecklenburg [Present-day Germany; Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]: “Frederick Francis, Duke of Mecklenburg […] it was already decreed that all Jewish-communities in Our domains/lands are to send a list of their births, marriages, and deaths – […]

“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “The Chief-Police-Authority/Directive (‘’Polizei-Ober-Direction’) is to present every quarter a list to the government of how many residency permits have been issued to foreign Jews and for how long […]” Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 […]

“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Royal Court of Austria [Present-day Austria]: “Regardless of the wholesale [permit which he may have received], an Israeli must still apply for a tolerance [permit] and pay the adequate fee according to his [financial] circumstances.” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] when issuing ‘forms/permits to be present’ (‘Aufenthaltsbolleten’) to Jews, who show up for such permits/forms (‘Bollete’), [his] circumstances and the necessity of his presence in Vienna are to be always taken into consideration – as much as possible – and in keeping with this, those […]

“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “Local Jews […] are furthermore permitted to visit the annual markets on the country side/flat land with permitted goods/merchandize; however, it goes without saying that they are not permitted to visit any church inauguration festivals and such. […]” Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen […]

“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] the [well-]known and so-called [poor] swindler-Jews (‘Winkeljuden’) and beggar-Jews (‘Betteljuden’) are not to be permitted by the border-route authorities (‘Linien’) to enter [Austria] at all […].” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim): Erster Band; (Wien; 1821); (Contributions […]

“Governmental Decree” (“Regierungsdecret”) issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “‘Toleration [permits] do not extend/transfer to widows and the children of the tolerated.’ Toleration [permits] are only granted to heads of families and their wives and children, who are only partakers of these [permits] as necessary companions [of the tolerated]. […] therefore, as soon as […]

“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] all Jews, who are coming to Vienna, are to be reminded – just as they enter – by the police-posts (‘Polizeyposten’) which have been established at [all] border-routes (‘Linien’) that they are now required to register with the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) […]

“Ordinance regarding the removal of begging and thieving riff-raff from the land and their punishments” issued by King George III and Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg/Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] It has come to Our reproving attention that even after the issuance of numerous ordinances, all sorts of foreign and suspect persons, particularly beggars […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Electorate of Hanover [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover]: “Escorted Jews (those with special permits) shall not harbor/house foreign [and] unknown Beggar-Jews under the penalty of law […]” Sammlung der Verordnungen und Ausschreiben welche für sämmtliche Provinzen des Hannoverschen Staats, jedoch was den Calenbergischen, Lüneburgischen, und Bremen- und Verdenschen Theil betrifft, seit […]

“Governmental Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “Those lads of Jews, who are [present] in Vienna without a permit, or especially, if they have been indicted for bad behavior, are always first to be reported (by name) to the Royal Imperial Lower Austrian government (‘k. k. n. ö. Regierung’) along with the citation […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government and addressed to the university faculties (“Studien-Confesse”) [Present-day Austria]: “[…] a complete directory of all Jews who study in Vienna is to be turned over to the Royal Imperial Lower Austrian government (‘k. k. n. ö. Regierung’), […] in the future […] it is to be submitted within […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government and addressed to all Jewish foreign students [Present-day Austria]: “[…] all Jewish foreign students are to [report and] identify themselves to the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) with the[ir] school reports/certificates (‘Zeugnisse’) issued by their professors all the more so, since they will otherwise not […]

“Governmental Decree” of the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] the Jewish representatives are required to distribute the family-list-forms as ascribed by the highest place (entity) to the tolerated heads-of-families in Vienna with the apposition […] that the latter are to follow them exactly. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig […]

“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “Considering that the mourning and prayer days observed by the dominant religion are not to be disturbed by other religious parties/members, the Jews are to be prohibited to dance and play music on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday during Purim […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] The investigation of a foreign Jew, who has been accused of engaging in illegal trade must rule the aforementioned (Jew) guilty or not guilty. In the earlier case, the affective means (the aim) is to deter/scare off other Jews from engaging in such non-sense, [especially] […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] All foreign Jews, who are found to be engaged in illegal trade, are to be expelled from Vienna immediately/without further ado. […]” Politische Verfassung der Israeliten im Lande unter der Enns und insbesondere in der k. k. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. J. L. E. Graf […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] The Viennese Magistrate is instructed to put an end to this intolerable nonsense* in collaboration with the Royal Imperial Chief Police-Authorities/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) and to exclude the police-stations from [partaking in] this reward altogether in the future, and to let these be collected by […]

“Court Decree” issued by the Imperial Court of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (Franz) [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany; Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] Each Jew is to live in the community in which he has his family-spot/registration (‘Familienstelle’) […] which cannot be transferred into another community without the approval of the Land Office (‘Landesstelle’). […]

“Decree” issued by the Bohemian Government [Present-day Czech Republic]: “[…] in case a Jew departs from Bohemia and travels to another heredity land without a registration permit (‘Meldezettel’), which is legally required [of him], he shall pay 2 Gulden (fl.) penalty for each day he is absent. The fine will be converted to a prison […]

“Royal Court Decision/Announcement” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “Without having sought out a toleration [permit], no Jew shall be granted a (small) business or a large/whole sale business permit. […]” Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions to the […]

“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Royal Court of Austria [Present-day Austria]: “All newly issued [Jewish] ‘tolerances’ (permits) are to be limited to a specific period of years, and no ‘tolerances’ shall be issued forever; because the public state administration is placed in a position where they cannot easily make such families who have not […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “In regards to reports of deaths of Jewish heads of families, it must be also noted henceforth, whether the children he has left behind are male or female.” Auszug aller im Königreiche Böhmen bestehenden Verordnungen und Gesetze nach Johann Roths Advokaten und […]

“Governmental Decree” of the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “ ‘Duty of Tolerated [Jews] for the Maintenance of a Family-list.’ The tolerated Jews are obligated to turn in a registration form (‘Meldezettel’) (now family-lists), even if they do not have anyone else in their household to declare but themselves. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen […]

“Order” issued by the State Chancellery [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt]: “[It has already been reported …] that local Jews purchase guns (‘Schießgewehre’) from soldiers […] and trade with them [… that is why] all and every local Jew is emphatically prohibited from acquiring guns from soldiers [… and the authorities are] to […]

“Royal Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “[…] If a Jew receives [a] toleration [permit] for a specific period of time, s/he is – under no circumstances – to receive permission to engage in any trade that is restricted to the local business class or those that are only available […] to […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] since, according to the highest ‘Annual-Market-Regulation’ of October 21, 1782, local Jews […] are permitted to bring local pre-made goods and clothing to Vienna in order to sell them […] they are, however – under no circumstances – permitted to have these pieces of clothing made […]

“Decree” issued by the Royal Court of Austria [Present-day Austria]: “[…] all those, who listed other Jews, who are not part of their families (do not belong to their families), as servants, are to [either] prove this [or] to be punished/fined hereafter. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Royal Court of Austria [Present-day Austria]: “[…] all new Jews* requesting a tolerance [permits] are to submit their application to the Royal Court […] tolerance permits are never to be approved without the approval of the Royal Chancellery (‘Hofkanzley’).” [Researcher’s note: *This ordinance made no distinction between foreign and local Jews […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] this directory [of Jewish students studying in Vienna] is to be turned in every semester at the start of each course (‘jedem Anfang eines halbjähriges Curses’) – in such a way – that the courses /classes received [by Jewish students] and the diligent visit or […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Those tolerated [Jews], who have [failed to pay their toleration-tax] twice, or have not eradicated any remainder [of the outstanding tax payment] within a year, are to lose their toleration-permit immediately, without having any consideration be paid to [as to] how long they have been present […]

“Governmental Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] All tolerated [Jews] are strictly prohibited to list foreigners in their family-lists, except their wives and unwedded children, or to dare to give protection to a stranger/foreigner or [otherwise] face strict punishment. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate; Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrereich […]

“Decision” of the Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Furthermore, if there are among the tolerated [Jews] in Vienna, marginally [acceptable/useful] Jews […] who [themselves] or whose children are suitable [for military service] – which means that they are not dignitaries/notables (‘Honoratioren’)*, they are subject to recruitment […]” [Researcher’s note: This meant that even though tolerated […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “The superintendents must make the proper report for each death of a Jewish head of a family who does not have any sons, or who leaves behind married sons, who already have a family here or another place […] or face severe […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “All Jews are prohibited from changing their previously taken name or face a fine of 12 Ducats. They are also to be told that if they change their place of residency, they are to have a permission slip from the place they’re leaving […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “In order to bring uniformity to the Jewish birth registers, and maintain better record keeping (‘keeping of evidence’), all midwives must report the birth of a male or female [child] to the mayor (‘Ortsvorsteher’) and judges immediately who are to report this […]

“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria; Archduchy of Austria]: “Jews are entirely prohibited to peddle in the Austrian hereditary lands, including during the time of the annual markets.” [Researcher’s note: The same (or similar) prohibitions were issued via the Patent of January 2, 1782; Royal Court Decree of May 19, 1788; […]

“Governmental Decree” (‘Regierungsdecret’) of the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “Dependent on the needs of the Viennese wholesalers and traders/businessmen, only an appropriate/adequate number of Polish brokers or Jewish merchants are [to be] granted a tolerance [permit], all others, however, are to be treated as illegals in Vienna. […] the representatives of the tolerated Jews and […]

“Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] the time [as to] when a foreign [Jew] arrived in Vienna, and the day until which he is permitted to be present in Vienna, must be clearly stated [in his residency permit/form (‘Aufenthaltsbollette’)]. […] The obtained residency permits/forms (‘Aufenthaltsbolleten’) are always to be returned by foreign […]

“Prohibition to use Hebrew or the Jewish language for all public (legal) negotiations (documents)” [Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria]: “Since the provisions of the Patent from January 2, 1782 regarding the ban on the use of Hebrew or the Jewish language (Yiddish) in all public documents and doings – in or outside of the courts – were […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] The taxes for the issuance of the residency-permits (‘Aufenthaltsbolleten’) of foreign Jews coming to Vienna are – as per His Majesty’s instructions – to be paid to the governmental tax office (‘Regierungs-Cameral-Taxamt’) and quarter[-annual]ly transferred from this office to the Royal Imperial treasury (‘k. k. […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] When a Jew is only stopped because he does not have a residency-permit (‘Aufenthaltsbollete’) he is to be turned over to the Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) in order that he be treated according to the existing regulations. If however, aside from […]

“Regarding the execution of the office of the Rabbinate” issued by Duke Fredrick Francis I (‘Friedrich Franz’) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin [Present-day Germany; Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]: “Frederick Francis, Duke of Mecklenburg […] the copulation/marriages performed by your [local Rabbi] co-religionists and the hiring of a school master, as well as Jewish ceremonies have caused disorder and disagreement […]

“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Royal Court for Silesia [Habsburg Monarchy; House of Habsburg; Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Poland]: “[…] Jews may be allowed to reside (be present) in all areas of Silesia if the [local] authorities where such a Jew already is or will settle in the future, give their consent. […].” [Researcher’s […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria; Archduchy of Austria]: “[…] in cases where trade books are maintained in Hebrew or the Jewish language or letters […] such [books] are not only invalid […] but that if they need to be translated, the parties in question are to bear the cost of the translation. […]” […]

“Royal Court Decision” issued by the Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “The current ordinances are to be upheld in regards to the proper training and admission of Jewish boys and journeyman [placed] with Christian craftsman. […]” Beyträge zur Politischen Gesetzeskunde im österreichischen Kaiserstaate. Herausgegeben von Johann Ludwig Ehrenreich (Graf von Barth-Barthenheim); Erster Band. (Wien; 1821) (Contributions […]

“Decree” issued by the Royal Court Chancellery [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Jews who are fit for [military] service […] but who are without means and cannot afford the exemption amount (‘Reluitionssumme’)* of 140 fl.** are to be required to serve (personally) as a recruit [in the military]. […]” [Researcher’s note: *At that time, men (of a […]

“Patent” issued by Emperor Francis II (Franz Joseph II) [Present-day Czech Republic and Germany]: “[…] Each Jewish family is required to pay an annual family tax of five Gulden or 25 Franks per month. These taxes are also do be paid by the supernumerary Jews who are tolerated in the community. […]” Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, […]

“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “[…] in terms of school requirement (‘Schulschicken’) no difference is to be made between Jewish and Christian children [in the imposition of] a fine/punishment that is double that of the schooling-fee (‘Schulgeldes’). The negligent school visit of the Jewish youth is to be punished […]

“Royal Court Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Furthermore, since the improvement of the morality of the Jewish nation depends – to a large [extent] – on the proper (good) education of the females, and that when this is neglected, such [improvement] can only be achieved with difficulty or not at […]

“Decision/Regulation” of the [City] Council of Frankfurt [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] No Christian, not even those who have guest-hostels/hotels shall accommodate a foreign Jews, except during fairs, local protected-Jews, however, are never to offer foreign Jews a place to stay […] without having previously attained permission from the Schatzungsamt*. […]” […]

“Royal Court Decree” issued by Francis Joseph I (‘Franz Joseph I’) [Archduchy of Austria]: “[…] Such [Jewish] factories, however, are to receive their own specific [acceptance] permit (‘Aufnahmeschein’) in order to distinguish them from other dubious businessmen/middlemen/factory owners (‘Unterhändler’). Any Jew, who illegally maintains a factory, is to be fined depending on the case […] […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic; House of Habsburg-Lorraine]: “The year 1725 has to serve as a guide in regards to the toleration of Jews, so that anywhere where no Jew existed at the time of that [bench] year, they shall also not be tolerated in the future. […] the pre-set […]

“Decree” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “[…] Israelis are not to send a plenipotentiary [authorized representative] to Vienna without having first received the permission of the Royal Court via the state offices [‘Landesstelle’] […]” Gesetze, Verordnungen und Vorschriften für die Polizei-Verwaltung im Kaiserthume Oesterreich. Erschienen in den Jahren 1740 […]

“[Royal] Court Decree #29081” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria; Arch-Duchy of Austria]: “Only Jews who have formally received the right to citizenship may be permitted to vote […]. The magistrates who grant citizenship are to ensure that the number of Jews does not affect/harm the Christian citizens and that at least no Jew […]

Frankfurt: Foreign Jews found living unregistered in Frankfurt will be punished and kicked out of their homes [Germany]: “Foreign Jews found living unregistered in Frankfurt will be punished and kicked out of their homes. Persons who give them shelter will be punished too. Furthermore Jews living in Frankfurt shall not leave their homes until the […]

“Ordinance” issued by Kaiser Friedrich Wilhelm II [Prussia; Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium]: “[…] and so we order that […] Jews are not permitted to purchase any factory made merchandise, whether they may have been made locally or in a foreign country – and to sell them in shops, booths, or on tables or from door-to-door. […]

“Governmental Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[Prohibits Jews and Christians from engaging in any sale of knick-knacks (‘Tändeln’*) and dictates … that violators] are fined 2 Reichstahler for the first time/violation […] 4 Reichstahler for the second violation, and 6 Reichstahler for the third violation along with a 24-hour arrest [… however, …] […]

“Royal Court Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Royal Court [Present-day Austria; Archduchy of Austria]: “The roaming around and trading (‘Tändeln’)* with clothing articles and other items/commodities in houses, vaults/business-stands (‘Gewölben’), open alleys (‘Gassen’), and streets is prohibited to the Jews with the real threat of an arrest and – depending on the circumstances – other corporal […]

“Governmental Decree” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Royal Imperial Chief Police Authority/Directive (‘k. k. Polizey-Oberdirection’) is ordered to remove/expel those Jews, who are not a strictly necessary servant/employee to a Turkic Jew and do not have residency permits (‘Aufenthaltsbolleten’) or report them to the government. […]” Beyträge zur politischen Gesetzkunde im österreichischen […]