Confirmed/Incomplete – Page 8

“Resolution” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) IV [Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany]: “Court-Jews* and their people (‘Hofjuden und dessen Leuten’), among which are all those Jews who have paid a certain amount to be granted passports/permits to trade freely are to be aware (‘mit zu rechnen’) that Jews are not permitted to peddle on […]

“[Royal] Instruction (‘Instruction’)” issued by Frederick (‘Friderich’), A. O. v. Viereck, and A. F. v. Boden and addressed to the Police-Authorities [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland etc.; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] 15) […] 1) Beggar-Jews are to be stopped as per the edict of November 13, 1719, and delivered to the nearest court so that from there […]

“Ordinance” of Prince-Abbot Casper von Böselager [Present-day Germany; Princely-Abbey of Corvey]: “When a subject borrows money or other items from a Jew, they both shall register the debt-demands (specifics of the contract) with the appropriate Royal Chamber, and if in the future no extractus protocollli is presented, no claim shall be excepted. […] Each Jewish […]

Jew Ordinance, issued by the House of Representatives of Lower Austria [Austria]: “(2) In order to limit the size of Jewish households, every Jew shall be assigned a maximum number of male and female employees. (8) Jewish heads of household may only deal in drafts, money and jewels, but not in any other items or […]

“Royal Ordinance” [Austria]: “Jewish doctors, surgeons, apothecaries, bathers and midwives are prohibited to continue to pursue their professions even among Jews.” Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien. Erste Abteilung. Allgemeiner Teil 1526-1847. Erster Band. (Wien) 1918; p. 348, Researched and Translated by Ziba Shadjaani 3/29/2016 ADD ENGLISH TRANSLATION

“General-Privilege and Regulations of the Jewish Community” issued by Fredrick II [Present-day Germany, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] to all Chambers of Königsberg, Pomerania, Neumarkt […] regarding all Jewish families in small cities […] 33) […] the Jews shall be removed in all manner and by all means from small cities; especially from those […]

“Instruction” of the Government of the Electorate of Saxony [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “At the time at entry, [all] Jews are to be examined thoroughly as well as [the content of] their suitcases and packages […]” D. Johann Nicolaus Schwarzens, Rechtskonsulentens zu Dresden, Wörterbuch, über die Chursächsischen, auch Ober- und Nieder-Lausitzischen Gesetze, bus zum […]

“Decree” issued by the Imperial Palace of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany; Holy Roman Empire]: “The purchasing and selling of rawhides (‘rohen Häuten’) is prohibited to Jews […].” Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; […]

“Rescript” issued by Friedrich, King of Prussia and addressed to all war & domain-chambers (Kriegs- und Domainen-Cammern’) [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland etc.; Kingdom of Prussia]: “Fredrick (‘Friedrich’), King of Prussia […] We have received the general list of Jewish families which you have sent to Us […] You, on the other hand, are to use any […]

“Decree” issued by the Imperial Palace of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany; Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] The selling of alum leather that Jews have fabricated themselves will only be permitted to Jews for the next three months, after which they are to face confiscation [if found in possession of […]

“Rescript” issued by Frederick, King of Prussia and addressed “to the Chambers of Pomerania, Electoral March/Kurmark, Königsberg/Kaliningrad, Globino, Magdeburg, Halberstadt, Minden, Kleve, and East Frisia regarding the cohabitation of parents and their settled children among the Jewry” [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[We,] Frederick, King of Prussia [rescind a previous law requiring Jewish families to […]

“Announcement/Circular” (‘Ausschreiben’) issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg [Present-day Germany]: “After numerous authorities have up until now issued foreign Jews who have newly arrived passports for the continuation of their travels with the excuse that these Jews have arrived with good/proper passports, that is why the issuance of such passports has been prohibited and simultaneously, […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian Government [Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg]: “[…] Jews are prohibited to keep young women, whom they need as assistance on the day of the Sabbath, overnight in their homes. […]” Politischer Codex, oder wesentliche Darstellung sämmtlicher, die k. k. Staaten betreffenden Gesetze und Anordnungen im politischen Fache. […]

“General-Order” (‘General-Befehl’) issued by Frederick Augustus, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, Duke of Lithuania [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: “Dear faithful. Since it has been reported to Us that various Jews, who have been given […] passports/permits from Our Chamber, loan or give these [away] to other Jews for [their] use [which is why … […]

Order of the Court by the King Louis XV regarding Jewish merchants and peddlers in the city of Nantes. [Present-day France; Brittany]: “Jewish merchants and peddlers. – (…) – Order of August 8th, 1752, which enjoin all persons of Jewish nation not domiciled in this city and suburbs, and not employed in the role of capitation, […]

“Governmental Circular” issued by Prussian Government [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “Circular regarding the roaming around/running around in order to sell items/goods and also regarding beggar-Jews. […] because, especially, the number of Jews who sneak into the land and run around/roam around (‘herumlaufen’) with goods on the flat land (countryside) […] has increased, and […]

“Rescript” Issued by Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia addressed to the Neumark- and Pomeranian Chamber [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “Frederick, King of Prussia [… since it has come to our attention that during a burglary in the district of Upper-Barmen (‘Ober-Barmischen Creises’) a total sum of 2424 Thlr [Thaler] 21 Gr [Groschen] […]

“Patent” issued for Silesia by Fredrick the Great [Present-day Germany]: “[…] a) […] only one son of a Jewish family can wed and be given residency (‘pro incola’) and only with the permission of the County Office (‘Landstelle’) and after the payment of the proper taxes. b) […] those who wed outside of the country […]

“Rescript” issued by the Chamber of Neumark and Pomerania on behalf of Frederick, King of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “Rescript addressed to the Chambers of Neumark and Pomerania regarding the turning away/rejections of beggar-Jews from Poland [… we] Frederick, King of Prussia […] order you to take the necessary precautions […] so […]

“General-Rescript regarding the dealing with Jews” issued by Charles Eugene (‘Carl’), Duke of Württemberg [Present-day Germany; Duchy of Württemberg]: “[We] Carl […] have had to notice with displeasure that our subjects, despite the many existing ordinances, continue to enter into business dealings with Jews, by which they open the gate to usury […] that is why […]

“Edict” issued by the Prussian Government [Prussia / Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic]: “[…] The factories as well as the public have suffered greatly at times because of the usury practices of the Jews and the resulting increases in prices of wool and its products [… and they have] purchased bad yarn and […]

Princely Jewish Ordinance of Fulda (‘Fürstlich-Fuldische Juden-Ordnung’) issued by the Prince-Abbot Amand von Buseck [Present-day Germany; Bishopric of Fulda/Stift Fulda]: “[…] 1) Each Jew, who wishes to be taken under protection (receive a legal residency-permit) must present a certificate of his past […] and wealth. [The size of] his assets is/are to be validated/notarized by the […]

“Royal Rescript” issued by Frederick V [of Denmark] [Present-day Germany etc; Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein]: “We, Fredrick V, have learned from your report [that Jews are abusing loans made against pledges and are engaging in irresponsible usury which harms no less the craftsmen and day-laborer in Altona* and forces them into poverty …] which is why we […]

Papal encyclical “A Quo Primum” issued by Pope Benedict XIV [Present-day Italy]: “In regard to the matter of the Jews We must express our concern…The Jews have so replaced the Christians that some parishes are about to lose their ministers because their revenue has dwindled so drastically…Therefore the tyrannical orders of the Jews have to […]

“Royal Court Decree” (“Hofdekret”) issued by the Bohemian Government [Kingdom of Bohemia; Present-day Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, etc.]: “[…] Jews may not gather in private homes where the permission to exhibit the Torah has been denied […] they may also not teach in those. […]” Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian Government [Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg]: “Jews are permitted to learn a craft and pursue this work and employ trainees/journeymen – except Christians […] Exempt are the craft of gunsmiths (‘Büchsenmacherey’), sword-makers/blacksmith (‘Schwertfeger’), and maker or plate armor (‘Plättnerey’)* and other military [related] crafts. […].” [Researcher’s note: […]

“Order” issued by Frederick Augustus, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, Duke of Lithuania [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: “[…] The Bohemian, Praguer, and Moravian Jews, who wish to frequent the fairs in Leipzig, must stay on the proper country- and army-roads […]. The Bohemian, Moravian, and Hungarian Jews, who wish to visit the fairs in […]

“Ordinance” issued Prince-Bishop Clemens [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn]: “[…] Christians can retract/seize/take back any immovable goods that have been pledged to Jews or are owned [by Jews].” Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Zweiter Theil. Die Provinzen: Pommern und Westphalen. (The provincial and legal […]

“Order” issued by the Hochstift* of Würzburg [Bishopric of Würzburg; Present-day Germany]: “Jews must sell the realties which they’ve acquired for the purpose of reselling them, within one year and one day.” [Researcher’s note: *A Hochstift was an independent territory within the Holy Roman Empire. (‘Juden müssen die zum Wiederverkaufe an sich gebrachten Immobilien in einem […]

“Decree” signed by Emperor Maria Theresa (‘Maria Theresia’) [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “[…] it is Our highest wish that the Jewry […] in our territories of Vorarlberg remain expelled and eradicated for all times [… and] that all [their] trade and exchange, much less that of peddling […] is prohibited in Our domain of […]

“Ordinance” issued by Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa [Present-day Czech Republic]: “[…] starting July 1, 1750, all unwed Jewish boys are to wear – as a distinguishing sign from the Christians – on the right arm where the cuff ends – a yellow piece of cloth that is two fingers in width and an eighth […]

“Jewish Body-tax/toll” (“CCCLXXXIX”) issued by Count A. F. G. von Seinsheim* [Present-day Germany; Prince-Electorate of Mainz]: “The body-tax/toll against the Jews of Churmayz/Chur-Mainz (‘Churmaynzische Juden’) is to remain intact/valid […] A Jew who enters any of the jurisdiction of the prince-electorate of Würzburg, shall pay 10 [Rhenish guilder] (‘rhein. kr.’) for each 24 hours (that […]

“Silesian Ordinance” issued by the Silesian Government [Present-day Germany; Duchy of Silesia]: “[…] domestic Jews are not permitted to purchase wool except on annual wool markets […however,] in such a way that factory owners and Christians are to be given preference [and] that Jews are only to be able to purchase that which was not […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Prince-Bishopric [Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg; Present-day Germany]: “[…] Jews are prohibited from trading with fat cattle (‘Fettvieh’). […]” [Researcher’s note: This prohibition was issued and revoked several times throughout history in the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. It was initially issued on May 8, 1700, then repeated on October 11 and 31, 1712. The cattle […]

“Taxation [of Jews] based on the usage of wine” decree issued on behalf of Maria Theresa via the Lower-Austrian government addressing the Magistrate of Vienna [Lower-Austria; Present-day Austria]: “[…] a special tax isn’t only to be taken from every ball, gathering, […] wedding, if it was used like cash or as a way of payment; though […]

“Tribunal Decree” issued by the Courts and addressed to the Local Authorities (“Kreishauptleute”) [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany]: “[…] the [Jewish] eldest (heads of communities) are to be taken by the head and [remain] arrested (‘arrestlich aufbewahren’) [until they have submitted the required payment. …]” [Researcher’s note: This order was issued after the Jewish community had […]

“Jewish Ordinance” issued by King Friedrich Wilhelm I [Prussia; Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium]: “[…] that in the future, ‘protected Jews’ (Schutzjuden) who go bankrupt and are unable to repay their debts to their creditors are to lose their protection and that their ‘letter of protection’ (Schutz-Brief) is to be annulled […]” Kreutzberger, Mark: Leo Baeck […]

“Order” of Bishop Philipp Johann Anton von Frankensteil [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg]: “[…] no Jew shall be granted [a] protection [permit] if he is not able to prove to possess 4000 fl Rh [Gulden Reichsthaler] in [the city of] Bamberg and 1000 [Reichsthaler] on the countryside […].” Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet […]

“Order” issued Frederick Augustus, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, Duke of Lithuania and addressed to all Commissions (‘Commißarien’) [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: “Dear faithful. Since we have noticed that various Jews, who stay a few days in the cities of Our Electorate of Saxony, are not submitting the capitation-tax […] which is why we […]

“Order” issued by the government of the Prince-Bishopric [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]: “Jews are prohibited to do business on Sundays and holy-days or to stay overnight in the city of Würzburg.” Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; 1750); Researched and Translated […]

“Ordinance” issued by the City Council of Frankfurt [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt]: “[…] in the future, no more than 3 Jewish-doctors (‘Juden-Medicos’) shall be permitted here […] and that one is to order Jewish heads of community (‘Baumeister’) not to exceed this number or to hire more of them without the permission […]

Expulsion of the Jews from the Kingdom of Sicily by King Charles Bourbon September 18, 1746 [Italy]: “… Those few Jews who came here without money, without capital, without credit, and not with any other quality, or talent for business other than their accustomed greed in enriching themselves by way of extraordinary instances of usury, […]

“Ordinance” issued Prince-Bishop Clemens [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn]: “[…] Jews are only permitted to keep one servant with whom they are not to share their profits.” [Researcher’s note: It is unclear from the text why Clemens forbade Jews to share their profits with their servants.] Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. […]

“Supreme Rescript” (“allerh. Reskript”) issued by the Moravian Government [Moravia; Present-day Czech Republic]: “[…] all Jews are to emigrate/leave Moravia by the end of June of this same year, […] those who disobey/act in defiance are to be removed by military force. […]” Scari, von Hieronymus: Systematische Darstellung der in Betreff der Juden in Mähren […]

Edict Expelling Jews, issued by Empress Maria Theresa [Present-day Czech Republic]: “Resulting from several most significant causes that have moved us, we have decided that in the future, no Jew shall be tolerated within our hereditary kingdom of Bohemia. (1) On the last day of January 1745, no Jew shall be present any longer within […]

Judgment of the Council of State, signed by King Louis XV, delivered at the request of merchants of Blois carrying trade rules of the foreigners and Jews, in confirmation of previous letters and judgments. [France]: “(…) It pleases his Majesty with regard to Jews to reinforce the prohibitions to sell and debit any goods in […]

“Paradise-Apple* Tax” issued by Maria Theresa [Present-day Austria, Czech Republic]: “[…] although We wish to leave it up to the Jews to purchase paradise apples* where and how they please/wish […] the Jews […] are to submit for this graciously permitted (purchasing) freedom 4,000 fl. [florin/guilder] annually to the royal treasury (‘Aerarialcasse’) of Vienna. […] […]

“Official Declaration” issued for Breslau [Present-day Poland]: “[…] in the capital of Wroclaw, all useless (non-productive) Jews are to leave the city within two weeks of the publication of this [ordinance], a few well-known and useful families who are essential to the coinage system, however, are to be tolerated […] the latter are to be […]

“Royal Rescript” (‘königl. Rescriptum’) issued “on behalf of His Royal all-gracious Majesty’s special order”* and addressed to the Pomeranian War- and Domain-Chamber [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “As per the royal ordinance issued in 1728, all Jews who live in the royal domains, must send deputies from each province along with 3 Rabbis every 5 […]

“Unauthorized trade and presence of Jews outside of the annual market period” decree issued by Maria Theresa to the administration offices of Lower-Austria [Lower Austria; Present-day Austria]: “We, Maria Theresa […] ask the most esteemed Generals to not allow Jews to remain in the country, nor to do any kind of business or trade outside […]

“Royal Rescript” (‘königl. Rescriptum’) issued “on behalf of His Royal all-gracious Majesty”* and addressed to the Pomeranian War- and Domain-Chamber [Kingdom of Prussia; Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland]: “Since more than 120 Jews have acquired houses in Neu-Mark in violation of the previously issued regulations, […] His Royal Majesty have all-graciously ordered that henceforth, no Jew is [to […]

“Ukase*” (“an imperial Russian Decree”) of Czarina Elisabeth [Russian Empire; Present-day Russia, Finland, Poland, Estonia]: “[…] Jews are forbidden to live anywhere in our realm; now it has been made know to us, that these Jews still find themselves in our realm and, under various pretexts, especially in Little Russia, they prolong their stay, which is […]

“Royal Rescript” (‘königl. Rescriptum’) issued “on behalf of his all-gracious Majesty” and addressed to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber (‘Kriegs- und Domainen-Cammer’)* [Kingdom of Prussia; Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland]: “We [Frederick, King of Prussia …] announce/order you herewith in response to your […] recent report from July 7, regarding the petition of the protected Jew Bernd Philipp […]

“Ordinance” issued by the government of the Prince-Bishopric [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]: “[It is outlined in detail in what way various contracts between Christians and Jews are to be protocoled and that contracts of cattle are to be properly reported and registered with the local authorities …], however, and specifically, all trade between Christians and […]

“Royal Resolution in response to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber’s…report from August 10 regarding Jewish-elders in Pomerania…on behalf of His Royal Majesty’s most-gracious special order”* [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland etc.; Kingdom of Prussia]: “1) That it’s cause for concern/disconcerting to permit the oldest son of a Jew, who is to eventually receive his father’s privilege, […]

“Edict” issued by Prince-Bishop Clemens [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn]: “Jews are prohibited to trade with grain of all kinds.” [Researcher’s note: The original document can be found in the State Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia, Department Westphalia Fürstentum Paderborn, Edicts; Volume I.] Schriftenreihe des Evangelischen Forums Westfalen und der Evangelischen Stadtakademie Bochum. Jüdische Vielfalt zwischen […]

“Ordinance” issued by Prince-Bishop Clemens [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn]: “[…] the lease of immobile goods/real estate (‘liegende Güter’) to Jews shall only happen through/in court. […] Jewish servants are prohibited to do business/trade on their own.” Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Zweiter Theil. […]

“Order” issued by Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]: “Beggar and other poor-Jews (‘Bettel- und andere Schnurr-Juden*’) are not to be permitted to enter the cities of the Hoch-Stift** and lordships.” [Researcher’s note: *Schnurr-Juden was another term used to refer to poor/beggar-Jews. **A Hochstift was an independent territory within the Holy […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government* [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland etc.]: “His Royal Majesty have graciously resolved a) to leave it at the pre-determined number of 40 Jewish-families in the domains of Farther-Pomerania and Cammin, however, as per regulation from September 13, 1735, and November 7, 1737, those Jewish-children, who are covered by their parent’s privilege […]

“Jewish Ornament and Garment Ordinance” issued by Bishop Claude de Saint Simon [France]: “[…] adults and young (Jewish) men are not permitted to wear a wig with curls. Those, however, who return from a journey, are allowed to go through the ghetto wearing the wig with curls, which they used on their trip. However, when they […]

“Ordinance” issued by Johann Adolf von Metsch* on behalf of Charles VII [Present-day Germany; Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] no craftsman, whose annual worth is less than two thousand Gulden shall enter into a debenture/[debt] with a Jew except in court [… Jews] are not to take/charge more interest than legally permitted […] and citizens are ordered […]

“Ordinance” issued in the Electorate of Hanover [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover]: “[…] Jews are not to be permitted to lay out their merchandise or set up public boutiques/stores during the annual markets […]” Sammlung der Verordnungen und Ausschreiben welche für sämmtliche Provinzen des Hannoverschen Staats, jedoch was den Calenbergischen, Lüneburgischen, und Bremen- und Verdenschen […]

Frankfurt: Jews are only allowed to conduct business in the “Jewish Street,” i.e. in the ghetto [Germany]: “The senate of Frankfurt has decreed by this law that: Traders complained that Jews are selling their products in areas that are provided to Christians. The Christians therefore lack their income and food. They become poor. This is seen as […]

Jew-Regulation, issued by Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse, for the City of Hanau [Present-day Germany]: “5. Jews shall remain in their streets during Our high holy days, feast days and Sundays, under penalty of one thaler. 6. Jews may not talk about religion with simple men, under penalty of ten thalers. 8. Jews and Jewesses alike […]

Ordinance of the City Council of [Bad] Wimpfen [Present-day Germany; Imperial City of Wimpfen/Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] No Jew shall appear in public (on the streets) on Sundays and on holy-days mornings (before noon) except if they are on the way to their school* or [they are to] face punishment.” [Researcher’s note: The word for […]

“Edict” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] 1) […] absolutely no beggar-Jew of any sex is to be allowed to enter any of the royal lands, but rather they are to be turned away immediately at the border whether they have permits or not […] 2) […]

“Ordinance” issued Prince-Bishopric [Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg; Present-day Germany]: “The wives of Jews, who live on the countryside, are equally liable for their husband’s debts in case of a bankruptcy, and [they] cannot demand their dowry before all debts (of the husband) are paid off/satisfied. Before copulation, the Rabbi has to issue a document containing the […]

“Resolution, Regarding the Permission for Jews in Elmshorn to Peddle in the Duchy of Rantzau and Dominion of Pinneberg” issued by King Christian VI [Present-day Germany, Denmark]: “[…] We […] have decided under these […] circumstances, and according to our kingly grace, that suppliers with provisions and the production of the necessary certificates – [showing] […]

“Patent” issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Jews are strictly prohibited from peddling in (Upper and Lower) Austria, including during the time of the annual markets. […]” Systematische Darstellung aller über den Hausir-Handel bestehenden kaiserl. Königl. österreichischen Gesetze und Verordnungen verfaßt on Friedrich Selner (“Systematic Representation of all Imperial Royal Austrian […]

“General Ordinance” of the Pomeranian Chamber [Present-day Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Switzerland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] all Jews are prohibited from engaging in any kind of wool production […] and shall be punished with three years of hard-labor (‘Festungsarbeit’)* and expulsion from the land with wife and child. […]” [Researcher’s note: […]

Berlin: Friedrich Wilhelm – Edict to prohibit Jews from manufacturing woolen goods/ commodities in Berlin and forbid them to trade with wool [Germany]: “… numerous German and French manufacturers of the local area politely complained that despite their tireless effort and all amounts they had expended in order to make the domestic wool manufactories the […]

“Royal Rescript” (‘königl. Rescriptum’) issued by Frederick William I and addressed to the Pomeranian War- and Domain-Chamber [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “In cities, in which there are Christian butchers, no Jews may be permitted to slaughter [animals], but rather, they must obediently adhere to the General-Jewish-Privilege (‘General-Juden-Privilegio’); Christian-butchers, however, shall permit Jews, as often […]

“Renewed Coin Edict regarding the infamous/recalled [kinds of] currencies and their exchange from March 29 – April 6, 1737” [Present-day Germany, Great-Britain etc.; Electorate of Hanover]: “We, Georg, the other, King of Great Britain by the grace of God, announce herewith to be known to everyone […] 8) And that the Jews shall refrain altogether from […]

“Renewed Edict regarding the stopping/turning away of foreign beggar-Jews” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] We, Fredrick William, King of Prussia by the grace of God, Margrave of Brandenburg, […] announce herewith […] to all of our prelates, dukes, lords, those of the knighthood, […] the […]

“Upper/Higher-Post-Office-Ordinance” (‘Oberpostamtsverordnung’) issued by the Highest Postal-Office [Present-day Germany]: “[…] Jews are not to be permitted to pass through a [guard-]post without a sufficient certificate/receipt that shows that the common custom[-tolls] have been submitted.” Chronologisches Register über den ganzen Augustäischen Coder und dessen Fortsetzung. (Chronological register of the entire Augustian Codex and its continuation); (Leipzig; 1778); […]

“Order” issued by the government of the Prince-Bishopric and addressed to the officers [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]: “[…] It shall not be permitted for Christians to live together with Jews in the same house.” Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio Gropp.); (Würzburg; […]

“Ordinance” issued by Reinhardt Dieckhoff Thile Neuendorff on half of Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] It has already been ordered on August 30 that all protected-Jews in the cities […] are to carry with them a certificate/proof from their local authorities when they are […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government* [Present-day Germany, Poland]: “The magistrates must see to it that those Jewish-children, whose parent’s privilege does not cover them, are not permitted to get married.” [Researcher’s note: *Signed in Stattin by von Dreger and von Laurens.] David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega – Ordnung oder Samlung derer in […]

“Chamber-Ordinance regarding the prevention of toll-fraud committed by Jews” issued by the Royal Prussian War and Dominion Chamber of Kurmark [Margraviate of Brandenburg; Present-day Germany etc.]: “[…] since it has been noticed by the toll-offices that some passing Jews pretend to be aids and servants of the sons of protected Jews […] we have deemed it necessary […]

“Resolution” of the Government of the Electorate of Saxony [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “[… Jews} shall not desecrate the Sunday,* nor shall he (they) move/inspire others to do so. […]” [Researcher’s note: “Desecrating Sundays” often referred to disrespecting local mores by working or pursuing certain prohibited activities during Sundays and Holy-days.] D. Johann Nicolaus […]

“Ordinance regarding the stay/presence of Jews and their actions/trade in the land” issued by C. L. v. Hardenberg* on behalf of King George II of Great Britain [Present-day England and Germany; Electorate of Hannover]: “We, Georg, the other, (‘Georg der Andere’), by the grace of King of Great Britain, France and Ireland by the grace […]

“General Order” issued in the Electorate of Saxony [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “All Jews, except those privileged (with special permits), who pass/travel through, as well as their wives and servants must pay the regular body-toll.” D. Johann Nicolaus Schwarzens, Rechtskonsulentens zu Dresden, Wörterbuch, über die Chursächsischen, auch Ober- und Nieder-Lausitzischen Gesetze, bus zum Jahre […]

“Royal Circular” issued in the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth [Present-day Germany; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] no Jew may be permitted to get married before the age of 25, and no Jewess before the age of 20 […].” Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius kameralisten-Bibliothek, oder vollständiges Verzeichnis derjenigen Bücher, Schriften und Abhandlungen, welche von dem Oeconomie- Polizey- Finaz- […]

“Order” of the Senate/City Council of Dresden [Present-day Germany]: “[…] all innkeepers where Jews live [are to relay to these that …] Jews are no longer allowed to practice their religious services and […] Sukkot in their homes and that in the future [random] visitations will be conducted and if one finds that Jews are […]

“Trade Patent” issued for Bohemia [Present-day Czech Republic]: “[…] 5 and 6) Jews in the countrysides, cities, markets, villages, and patches (‘Flecken’) are prohibited to peddle outside of the area (‘Ort’) where they live and reside […] with exception of the permitted annual and weekly markets of the specific place […] and shall face confiscation of […]

“Edict” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg]: “Local and foreign Jews are prohibited to peddle with goods outside of the regular annual markets.” Löb, Abraham: Die Rechtsverhältnisse der Juden in ehemaligen Königreiche und der jetzigen Provinz Hannover. (The legal circumstances of Jews in the former kingdom and now Province of Hannover.); […]

“Patent regarding the illegal export of gold and silver” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] Jews are free to purchase foreign white or blick-silver* which are of no use to the mint office, however, they are not to deliver (sell) them to manufacturers until they are […]

“Decree” issued by Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn [Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg; Present-day Germany]: “[…] The streets are to be freely accessible to Jews, as long as they pursue their obligations and don’t pursue the now prohibited cattle trade […]” Eckstein, Adolf (District Rabbi): Geschichte der Juden im ehemaligen Fürstbistum Bamberg, bearbeitet auf Grund von Archivalien, […]

“Ordinance” issued the Government [Free Imperial City of Nuremberg; Present-day Germany]: “[…] 9) The ‘advertised/exhibited’ exchange [rates] at cattle-markets by Jews in the Hebrew language are invalid. […]” Sammlung der im Gebiete der inneren Staats-Verwaltung des Königreichs Bayern bestehenden Verordnungen aus amtlichen Quellen geschöpft und systematisch geordnet von G. Döllinger, König. bayer. geheimen Hausarchivar und […]

“Decision/Conclusion” (‘Conclusum’) of the Senate of Frankfurt [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt/Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] the magistrates of the Holy Empire’s Free City of Frankfurt Holy are apprised herewith […] that in order to better handle the beggar-Jews, who sneak through the city gates under the pretext of being trade-Jews and then leave because […]

“Edict” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg [Present-day Germany]: “[…] Jews shall not be permitted to acquire property/realties (‘Immobilia’) in any manner, and henceforth, such properties shall not be admitted to be licensed (certified by the state) to such person or his representatives, nor other lands, gardens, or other grasslands (‘Wiesen’) […] nor shall there be […]

Judgment of the King’s Council of State signed Phelypeaux and Boucher, steward of the generality of Bordeaux, and Dupin des Lezes in the name of King Louis XV. [France]: “(…) It is allowed for some Jewish merchants, established in Bordeaux, to trade, sell and negotiate for one month each season in all cities, towns and places this […]

“Declaration of the General-Privilege and Reglement/Regulation for Jews” issued by Frederick William (‘Friderich Wilhelm’) [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland etc.; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] if a dignified/honorable/good protected-Jews has no sons, but has always paid his protection-, recruiting- and other fees annually, as well as all other contribution required by the Jewry […] he shall be free […]

“Resolution” issued by the government of Brunswick-Lüneburg [Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg]: “[…] the Jews who live in Neu-Stadt (new-city) of Hannover […] shall give the local clergy/church (‘Geistlichkeit’) […] annually 3 Thaler [currency] and a married Jewish home-dweller [shall give] one Thaler […].” Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, Capvt Qvintvm, von Kammer- und Amts-Sachen, Dienst-Höffen, Erben- […]

“General-Privilege” (“Generalprivileg”) issued by Frederick William I (“Friedrich Wilhelm I”) [Present-day Germany, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia/Duchy Brandenburg]: “[…] the Jews are strictly prohibited to export raw bovine and horse skin. […]” Stern, Selma: Der Preussische Staat und die Juden; Zweiter Teil/Die Zeit Friedrich Wilhelm I; (“The Prussian State and the Jews; Part Two/The Period […]

“Ordinance” Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: […] it is not permitted for Jews to purchase homes or to fraudulently loan money on a house to such an extent that no Christian would be in a position to purchase it so that it must be turned over to the […]

“Rescript” issued by the Prussian government [Present-day Germany, Poland, Lithuania; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] when foreign Jews copulate (’copuliret’) or die in the lands of the princely-electorate (’hochfürstl. Landen’), they are to properly submit the ‘jura stolae’ (legal tax/dues).” Johann Heinrich Ludewig Bergius kameralisten-Bibliothek, oder vollständiges Verzeichnis derjenigen Bücher, Schriften und Abhandlungen, welche von dem […]

“Writ” issued by Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Württemberg [Duchy of Württemberg; Present-day Germany]: “By the grace of God, Eberhard Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg and Teck […] Dear faithfuls! Even though We have ordered in all earnestness with our General-Ordinance of November 2, 1706, regarding the trade and business dealings of Our subjects with the Jews […] and […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government* [Present-day Germany, Poland]: “[…] in matters pertaining to civil and criminal law, Jews are under the jurisdiction of the government, however, the collection of payments from Jews and their escort [permits/fees] appertain to the royal War- & Domain-Chamber (“königl. Kriegs- und Domainen Cammer’).” [Researcher’s note: *Signed in Stattin by von Grumbkow […]

“Rescript” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “We, Fredrick William, King of Prussia by the grace of God […] order that the local Jewry shall not elect a Jew who has gone bankrupt or is otherwise suspicious as their [Jewish] elders […]” Anhang des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum […]