Confirmed/Incomplete – Page 9

“Declaration” issued by the Government of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “His Royal Majesty of Prussia, […] our gracious lord […] have declared that [as] the Jews in Berlin and all other provinces die out, no new letters of protection shall be issued [to Jews]. All Jewish commissions, domain-chambers, magistrates and authorities […]

“Royal Rescript” (‘Rescriptum’) issued by Frederick William and addressed to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “There shall be 65 escorted […] Jewish families tolerated in the Duchy of Farther-Pomerania and in Lauenburg and Bütow Land, which shall include married 1st and 2nd children as well as widows […] who shall […]

“Patent” of Prince-Bishop Christoph Franz von Hutten [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]: “Jews are permitted to lead their cattle from and to the markets on Sundays and holy-days (but only in the afternoons) […]; however, they may not enter any closed-off places and cities (‘Orten und Land-Stadten’) even in order to feed their cattle in […]

“Order” issued by the government of Dresden [Present-day Germany]: “Berend Lehmann is given three months to sell his merchandise and to clear his warehouse [after which, Jews are prohibited to engage in trade in Dresden without permission from the localities.]” [Researcher’s note: See Rescript of April 8, 1728.] Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der […]

“Rescript” issued by the government of Dresden [Present-day Germany]: “It is entirely prohibited to Jews to engage in trade without inquiry/permission.” [Researcher’s note: A notation on the document reads: “[It] Can be reported to the localities/authorities.” This rescript was issued in response to a complaint brought forth in the form of a preliminary document of the […]

“Edict against the peddling of Jews on the countryside” issued by Frederick William I (‘Friedrich Wilhelm’) [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, etc.; Kingdom of Prussia]: “1) Jewish-boys are not to have a stand at fairs or annual markets or lose their merchandize. 2) Such boys are not to pass through villages at all. As soon as one […]

“Edict” issued by Fredrick William of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] no Jew shall dare to purchase spun wool for the purpose of reselling it […].” Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum, Fünffter Theil. Von Polizey-Hochzeit-Kindtauffen-Begräbniß und Trauer- Kleider- auch Feuer-Gassen und anderen zur Polizei gehörigen Ordnungen, deren Städte Anbau, Manufacturen- Commercien- Woll- und […]

“Jewish-Ordinance” for the Upper and Lower Swabian Jewry issued by Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach [Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Baden-Durlach]: “[…] 7) Since it has occurred, that some Jews turn to games of dice, cards, and bowling after work and find ruin because of it, that is why We wish to strictly prohibit all Jews […]

“Ordinance” of Emperor Karl II [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic; Germany, Hungary, etc.; Kingdom of Bohemia]: “[…] 2) By the order of the highest authorities in the ordinances from August 5, 1727, March 27, 1736, and September (‘Herbstmonat’) 1, 1740, Jews are prohibited from engaging in any kind of salt-trade […]. However, since these ordinance […]

“Patent” issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI [Karl VI] [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: “[….] The Jews are to remain in their houses during Christian funeral or public devotionals and processions and to block/close all openings. […] On Sundays and public holidays Jews are to close their (junk) shops (‘Kramladen’) and […]

Expulsion, 1727 [Russia and Ukraine]: “All Jews found to be residing in the Ukraine and in Russian towns shall be immediately expelled beyond the frontier and not be allowed under any circumstances to enter Russia.” Davitt, Michael. Within the Pale: The True Story of Anti-Semitic Persecutions in Russia (1903): 8, Researched and Translated by Joan Paez […]

“Prohibition Against the Sale of Gunpowder and Potassium Nitrate,” patent issued by Charles VI, Archduke of Austria [Austria]: “For especially pressing and significant reasons, only those Christian traders licensed for the sale of gunpowder and potassium nitrate are allowed to do so; it follows that all Jews are excluded from it, under penalty of corporal […]

“Edict” issued by the Imperial Court of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: “[…] a [Jewish] widow may not enter into a second marriage without [the] permission [of the local authorities].” Dr. Johnn Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. […]

“Amendment to Ordinance of October 21, 1726” issued by the Bohemian Government [Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg]: “[…] the aforementioned exclusion [see Ordinance of October 21, 1727] also includes Jewish widowers who have a brother who is already married. […]” Politischer Codex, oder wesentliche Darstellung sämmtlicher, die k. k. Staaten betreffenden Gesetze […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Bohemian Government [Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg]: “[…] from the day of the publication of this law: 1) all married or widower Jews who have children are to be considered the head of the household, [a spot] which is to be reserved to just one person/inhabitant (‘pro Incola’) […]

“Family Law” issued by Charles VI [Present-day Czech Republic]: “[…] of all married Jewish-households/fathers and deceased, only one [the oldest] pro incola [per inhabitant] is to be permitted to get married as it is common […] the others, however, are to be considered foreigners. […]” Mittheilungen des Vereins für Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen. XXXVI Jahrgang. […]

“Tightened Patent regarding the export of gold and silver” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] we graciously declare that Our protected Jews (‘vergleiteten Juden’) should be free to purchase foreign white and blick-silver* which are no longer of any use to our mint-office […] however, these […]

Berlin: Edict concerning Jews betraying their customers [Present-day Germany]: “Jews are only allowed to [take] cash to their customers. They are forbidden to exchange their ware against another ware….He bases his edict on the knowledge about Jews abusing the exchange law by taking advantage of the poor and naïve. More precisely, Jews not only anticipate […]

“Rescript” issued by the Government of Bohemia [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Bohemia]: “Since it has been detected that foreign, especially non-catholic tradesmen, particularly and often Jews, unlawfully peddle in the cities and on the countryside outside of the annual markets and bring ruin (through deception) to the local tradespeople, all foreign and […]

“Prohibition [to engage in] Usury for Jews” issued by the Mayor and City Council of Frankfurt [Present-day Germany; Free Imperial City of Frankfurt]: “We, Mayor and Council of the Holy Imperial City of Frankfurt (‘am Mayn’) announce and make known to everyone wherewith: […] that all kramers, inn-keepers, craftsmen, and other common folk shall appear in […]

Prohibition issued by Augustus II, the Strong [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “Jews are henceforth prohibited to trade with merchandise; only that which has already been purchased may be sold.” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt in: Emil […]

“General Edict” issued by King Friedrich Wilhelm I [Prussia; Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium]: “[…] if a Jew knowingly buys stolen items, he is to return them without payment, and he is to be flogged and branded […] and Jews everywhere are prohibited from taking more than 12 percent interest or risk losing their capital.” Kreutzberger, […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI [Karl VI] [Present-day Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary]: “[…] Jews are prohibited to trade with soap with Christians. […]” Dr. Joh. Luksche’s, weiland kaiserl. mähr. schles. Appelationsrathes, Besondere Rechte der Personen Mährens und Schlesiens, vorzüglich in politischer Hinsicht. Zweiter Band; (Brünn, 1844); (Dr. Joh. Lutsche’s […]

“Re-Issuing of mandate of county princes (‘Landesfürste’) of 1650” [Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia]: “[… no Jew is to be permitted to settle anywhere where there were no Jews present before January 1, 1618 without the explicit permission of his [territorial/county] prince …] any one who violates the aforementioned law is to be fined 1000 […]

“Royal Court Edict” (‘Hofreskript’) issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI [Karl VI] [Archduchy of Austria; Present-day Austria]: “[…] it is prohibited to accept/admit Jews into places where they have not been (settled) so far […] or face a fine of 1000 Ducats. The number of admissible (‘systemisierten’) [Jewish] families is set at 5106. […]” […]

“Prohibition Order” of Henry III (“Heinrich der Erlauchte”) [Margrave of Meissen; Present-day Germany]: “[…] it is prohibited to house/harbor a Jew [in Dresden], who is not one of the Jewish servant-staff of the court* (‘Hof’) so long as he does not have (is not provided with) a stamped permit slip from the governor […].” [Researcher’s […]

“Royal Rescript” (‘Rescriptum’) issued by Frederick William (‘Fr. Wilhelm’) and addressed to the Pomeranian War- & Domain-Chamber [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] Peddling on the countryside [however] is to remain prohibited to Jews [from Neu-Mark* as well as Pomerania] at the threat of confiscation [of the items].” David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow […]

“Patent” issued in Silesia [Present-day Germany]: “[…] 12) The Jews of Silesia are prohibited to peddle. […]” [Researcher’s note: The prohibition was confirmed via a patent issued on January 3, 1726, and by the Silesian Tolerant-Patent of April 17, 1752.] Scari, von Hieronymus: Systematische Darstellung der in Betreff der Juden in Mähren und in k. […]

“Ordinance regarding taxes for the Jewish-hostel/house in Riga” protocol of the state courts*; confirmed by the [City] Council of Riga [Present-day Latvia, Estonia, Russia; Governorate of Livonia/Russian Empire]: “[…] 1) As per old custom, no Jew may arrive and find accommodation anywhere but on the unloading berth/distribution port/house (‘Lastadie’) which he was assigned to so that […]

“Royal Rescript” issued by King [Frederick William] of Prussia [Present-day Germany; Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] the Jews in Berlin and in all other provinces shall [be allowed to] die out and no new protection-letter/permit (‘Schutzbrief’) shall be issued [to them] henceforth […]” Kisch, Guido: Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte der Juden in Halle 1686-1730. (“Legal and […]

“Order” issued by Archbishop Damian Hugo of Speyer [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Speyer]: “We, Damian Hugo, by the grace of God […] order with the power of this letter […] that Jews and Christians are not to co-habitate under the same roof or face a fine of 50 Rthlr. [Reichsthaler…]” Sammlung der Bischöflich Speierischen Hirtenbriefe und […]

Order of Augustus II, the Strong [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “The prohibition remains in effect […] The already existing merchandise in the warehouse [of Jews] can be sold, however, no further/new merchandise may be acquired [by them anymore].” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- […]

Hannover: Jews are forbidden to peddle goods [Present-day Germany]: “Jews are forbidden to peddle goods because it damages commerce and trade. Every person who is going to act against this decree will be punished.” [Translator’s note: Translation paraphrase. Extract from resolution of Hannover, June 27, 1724] Decrees Collection, AR 379, Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York. Researched/Received […]

“Order” issued by Fredrick Wilhelm of Prussia and addressed to the General Fiscal Duhram [Present-day Germany; Margraviate of Brandenburg]: “[…] that the Jews have to get rid of (‘loßschlagen’)* their houses and give it to Christians (‘überlassen’); in houses adjacent to Christians homes in which a bunch of Jews live without any Christians, the general-fiscal is […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Royal Court [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Christians may not admit/accept one or several Jews into their homes/houses or rooms or to even keep him/them over night or be fined 100 Reichstahler.” [Researcher’s note: Jews were only permitted to stay in apartments that had been assigned to them. This prohibition was announced from […]

“General Edict” issued the Government of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “Since His Royal Majesty of Prussia […] our gracious lord, have heard with great displeasure that a large number of unprotected Jews are present in the Electorate of Mark and Duchy of Magdeburg […] who pursue trade – which is prohibited […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government* [Present-day Germany, Poland]: “Unprotected Jews are to be fined 100 Rthlr. [Reichsthaler…] and immediately removed from the city.” [Researcher’s note: *Signed in Stargrad by von Grumbkow and von Schaper.] David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega – Ordnung oder Samlung derer in dem königlichen preußischen Herzogtum Pommern […]

“Jewish Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] Except one Christian coachman, [Jews] may not keep any other Christian servants […] they may keep one (or the other) Christian scriber in their scriptorium*, however, without [being permitted to offer/supply them with any] food or an apartment; […] Jew are to conduct their ceremonies […]

Royal Decree [Archdukedom of Austria / Present-day Austria]: “Order and Ordinance, by which Jews are to act in the city of Vienna until their Privileges expire: 1) No Jew, unless he’s received a special ‘privilege’ is allowed to keep married children or friends, much less, married accountants, cashiers or other married servants, whose wife and […]

“Edict” issued by Georg I of Great Britain [Present-day England and Germany; Electorate of Hannover]: “[…] IV) […] if the Jewish Easter/Easter of Jews (‘Juden Ostern’) falls on the same day per the improved calendar [as the Christian], like for example as in 1778 or 1798, and no other/proper time can to be found by […]

“Patent” issued by the City Council of Dresden [Present-day Germany]: “It appears that Jews sneak in and buy up silver and jewels and import all sorts of merchandise, and they even appear to have a gold-cutter amongst themselves. [That is why] all Jews are prohibited to be present outside of the times of the annual markets […]

“Edict” issued “as per His Majesty’s most gracious special order”* by von Görne; von Viereck; von Happe, and von Boden [Present-day Germany; Lithuania, Poland]: “The acquisition of ox-, cattle-, cow-, and horse-hides is completely prohibited to the Jews; all tanners and cobblers,** however, can acquire them in the Margraviate [of Brandenburg] and Pommern.” [Researcher’s note: *Friedrich […]

“Edict regarding the unprotected Jews” issued by King Georg of Great Britain [Present-day England and Germany; Electorate of Hannover]: “[We] Georg, King of Great Britain […] by the grace of God, since it has come to our disapproving attention […] that court authorities (‘Gerichts-Herren’) […] (dare to) take it upon themselves, to issue Jews escort-permits […]

“Supreme/Royal Decision” (‘Allerhöchste Entschließung’) issued by Charles IV (‘Karl VI’) [Present-day Czech Republic; Kingdom of Bohemia/House of Habsburg/Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] His Majesty have issued a number of privileges to the Moravian Jewry […] and order [herewith…] 1) the previous[ly valid] 12000 fl (Gulden) Jewish-toleration-levies (‘Judentoleranzgelder) (which were contained in the old pardons/regulations of Ferdinand) are […]

“Writ” of Franz Ludwig, Archbishop and Prince-Elector [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Trier]: “[…] Chapter I. Regarding the [escort]permits and tolls of Jews. 1) No Jew or Jewess shall be present or settle in Our principally of Trier or risk the sure loss of all of his/her assets/property and in order to avoid corporal punishment. 2) […]

“Edict” issued Prussian Government [Present-day Germany, Poland, Russia etc.; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] edict from August 1, [1772 …] according which Jews are completely excluded […] from importing foreign [distilled] spirits (‘Branntwein’) [is renewed and further explained …] Polish wholesalers and factory owners who work with people in Wityny or arrive in the domain with raw […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian Commissariat* [Present-day Germany, Poland]: “As per Royal Rescript of March 31, Jews are prohibited to purchase old copper and brass or face confiscation of the items.” [Researcher’s note: *Signed in Stargrad by von Waldow and von Lettow.] David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu Treptow an der Rega – Ordnung oder Samlung […]

“Ordinance” issued “as per His Majesty’s most gracious special order”* by von Görne; von Viereck; von Happe, and von Boden [Present-day Germany; Lithuania; Poland]: “The cobblers and tanners in Neu-Mark and in Pomerania can purchase cattle- & horse-hides in any of these provinces; Jews, however, are prohibited to purchase such hides.” David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters zu […]

“Royal Mandate” issued by George I of Great Britain [Present-day England and Germany; Electorate of Hannover]: “We, George, by the grace of God King of Great Britain […] declare herewith […] after having received reports from Our Justice-Department (‘Justiz-Collegia’) that on important investigations regarding robbery and theft, Jews, especially foreign Jews who secretly sneak into […]

“Ordinance” of the Pomeranian War and Domain-Chamber (‘Pommerschen Kriegs- und Domainen-Cammer’) [Present-day Germany; Lithuania, Poland]: “His royal Majesty have graciously resolved [as per the order issued] on Nov. 13 to allow Jews to purchase cow- & horse-hides on the countryside, but only for the purpose of supplying these to tanners and cobblers who live in Pomeranian […]

“Order” issued by King [Frederick William] of Prussia [Present-day Germany; Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] Jews may not stay more than four weeks, except in special cases* […]” [Researcher’s note: *According to the cited source, the king has added a hand-written note in the margin of this writ which reads: ‘Whether they have the […]

“Circular” of the Royal Government [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Hanover]: “[…] no local or foreign Jew shall be permitted to go peddling with junk items/stuff (‘Kram-Waaren’) without a written permission/concession from the government […]” Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, dritter Theil, worin enthalten Caput Qvartum, von Polizei-Sachen. Erster Band. Mit den zwölf ersten Sectionen desselbigen. Zum […]

“General Ordinance No. VLIII” issued by King Frederick William I of Prussia [Prussia / Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic]: “Ordinance requiring Jews who want to copulate or to get married to get a special permission from the Recruiting-Register first in order to limit the number of Jewish citizen in the country. All Jews, […]

“Edict” issued for the City of Kaliningrad (‘Königsberg’) [Present-day Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]:“[…] in the future, Polish and German Jews are no longer to be permitted to enter the city [Kaliningrad] and the kingdom and to import [distilled] spirits (‘Branntwein’) and other merchandize. All Jews in the land/domain who hold such items are to be […]

“Ordinance of the Sovereign-Prince” issued by Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn [Present-day Germany; Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]: “[…] The wives of Jews, who are in debt and [her/their] possessions/assets can be asked to account [for the (husband’s) debt…].” Wirzburgische Chronik derer lezteren Zeiten von P. Ignacio Gropp. (Wirzburg; 1750); (Chronicle of Würzburg’s past by P. Ignacio […]

“Jewish Ordinance” issued by the Austrian Government [Present-day Austria]: “[…] only the Jewish head [of the family] who has been granted a privilege (‘Previlegium’), along with his wife and those of his children who are still dependent [‘on his bread’] and do not pursue their own trade as well as their servants who are absolutely […]

“Ejusdem Amendment Mandate” issued (Frederick) Augustus III of Poland [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Poland etc.; Kingdom of Bohemia]: “Regarding the contagion that is spreading more and more in the Kingdom of France and the given order to put a stop to it. […] We, Frederick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’), by the grace of God, King of Poland, […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian government* [Present-day Germany, Poland]: “The magistrate shall not tolerate any Jew in their jurisdiction who does not have an escort-letter from His Royal Majesty himself or be fined 100 Ducats […] and they may not permit Jews to keep more than one servant and a boy. Furthermore, no escorted-Jew – […]

“Ordinance” of the Pomerania government* [Present-day Germany, Poland]: “Jews, who hold protection-permits/patents (‘Schutz-Patente’) must pay their protection fees according to the current constitution, regardless of whether they are engaged in trade or not, because Jews who do not pay their protection-fees are no longer to be protected or tolerated […] and it is no longer […]

“Patent” issued by Duke Eberhard Ludwig of Württemberg [Duchy of Württemberg; Present-day Germany]: “By the grace of God, Eberhard Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg and Teck […] Dear faithfuls! You may recall that even though we have issued numerous mandates and general (ordinances) in the Duchy of Württemberg and its territories which have strictly prohibited foreign horse-traders, and […]

“Edict, regarding the prohibition to admit beggar-Jews” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “We, Fredrick William, King of Prussia by the grace of God […] announce herewith to […] all of our prelates, dukes, lords, those of the knighthood, […] the magistrate in the cities […] all […]

“Rescript LXXV” issued by King Frederick William I of Prussia [Prussia / Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic]: “Regulation prohibiting Jews from purchasing raw fur in the countryside.” Mylius, Christian Otto: Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum; Oder Königl. Preußis. Und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in der Chur- und Marck Brandenburg, auch incorporirten Landen publicirte und ergangene Ordnungen, Edicta, […]

“Mandate” issued by August II, the Strong [Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany]: “[…] but also, Jews are to be completely excluded from peddling and carrying around all sorts of local and foreign merchandise [except during the Naumburger and Leipziger fairs …] where trade and exchange remain in effect according to current regulations.” [Researcher’s note: The above mandate […]

Limitations on the Purchase of Fish, issued by the government of Lower Austria [Austria]: “In recognition of the excesses of the Viennese Jewdom, who purchase the best and most prized fish early in the morning, ahead of Christians, Ambassadors and ministers, it is hereby ordered that the Magistrate of Vienna forbid Jews to buy any […]

“Patent” issued by the Pomeranian Commissariat [Present-day Germany; Lithuania, Poland]: “[…] Jews shall not purchase raw cattle-, horse-, or cow-hides, much less export them [because] this kind of trade is only reserved for tanners and cobblers in Pomeranian as well as other cities. Such items purchased in violation of this prohibition are to be intercepted/stopped and […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Prussian government [Present-day Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] Jews shall not acquire houses in the cities.” Die Provinzial- und statutarischen Rechte in der preußischen Monarchie. Dargestellt vom wirklichen Geheimen Rath von Kamptz. Dritter Theil. Die Herzogthümer: Cleve, Jülich und Berg, das Großherzogthum Niederrhein, die Markgrafthümer Lausitz und das […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Pomeranian Commissariat [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Germany]: “According to the royal rescript (‘Rescripto’) from the 10th of this month, protected-Jews shall no longer [be permitted to] purchase homes, rather, they are to only rent homes [henceforth].” [Researcher’s note: The ordinance is signed by von Grumbkow; Röhne; v. Schapet; Richter.] David Friedrich Quickmannen, Justiz-Burgemeisters […]

“Rescript No. XXXVII” issued by King Frederick William I of Prussia [Prussia / Present-day Germany, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic]: “Rescript excluding protected Jews from accessing ‘Bau-Freiheits-Gelder’ [state mortgages/loans] for the purpose of either repairs of old houses or the building of new houses. They are prohibited from being able to buy houses, but are […]

Augsburg: Rules for limiting the amount of Jews allowed into Augsburg [Present-day Germany]: (Translation paraphrase) Extract from resolution of the Senate in Augsburg, January 26, 1719: “Rules for limiting the amount of Jews allowed into Augsburg. All Jews have to visit the major of Augsburg during a four week time. They have to bring their letter of […]

“Patent regarding melting of gold and silver into local coins” issued by Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] 10) The melting of gold and silver in their own or private homes under any pretext is to be entirely prohibited to Jews […]” [Researcher’s note: While most of the […]

“Patent” issued by the Government of Brunswick-Lüneburg [Present-day Germany]: “Since numerous complaints have come forth, that the increasing number of Jews is causing great harm and disadvantage to the ability of Christians to make a living, that is why the landlord has graciously declared that further letters of protections should no longer be issued to […]

“Renewed Prohibition” (“Renovatio”) issued by George I (‘Georg Ludewig’) [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg]: “[…] since it is primarily the Jews, however, who violate this law, and who stand in solidarity with other foreign Jews […] and send them around in the land as their servants under [the disguise of] their own protection-permits […] and reduce […]

“Resolution” issued by Elector of Saxony Augustus, the Strong (Frederick Augustus I) [Electorate of Saxony; Present-day Germany]: “[…] Jews are neither to be permitted to hold public prayer services (‘öffentlicher Cultus’) nor to purchase real estate […]” Landtags-Acten von den Jahren 1836-1837. Beilagen zu den Protocollen der ersten Kammer. Erste Sammlung (Parliamentary Files of the […]

“Music and Dance Prohibition” decree issued by the Lower-Austrian Magistrate of Vienna [Lower-Austria / Austria]: “From the Lower-Austrian government […] it is come to be known that there are wooden huts on the ‘New Market’ and other places […] and that this is not only in violation of the civil code, but poses a fire […]

“Edict (‘Edictum’) issued by the local authorities of Brunswick-Lüneburg” [Present-day Germany; Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg]: “[…] no Jew shall be permitted to purchase property/real estate (‘immobilia’) or to lend considerable sums of money against them […].” Chur-Braunschweig-Lüneburgische Landes-Ordnung und Gesetze, und zwar Capvt Tertivm worinn enthalten bis das Militar – Wesen angehende Verordnungen. Zum Gebrauch der […]

Royal Resolution [Austria]: “All Jews – without exception, including those who do not posses their own ‘Privilege’ but are listed on someone else’s – are to be gathered rigorously, and […] they are to be reported to the Court Commissioners who in turn are to apprehend them [Jews] prudently and without exception.” Braumüller, Wilhelm: Urkunden […]

“Ordinance” issued by King Fredrick II of Prussia [Present-day Germany]: “His royal Majesty of Prussia […] Our gracious lord, order […] the Jews of Frankfurt herewith that they shall not take any of their acquired/purchased pelts/[animal] fur/hides to any other place but to Frankfurt first in order to sell them or risk losing their merchandize or […]

“Rescript” issued by Augustus II, the Strong [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “[…] no Jew, except Lehmann and Meyer and theirs (relatives/members of their household) are to be permitted to rent homes.” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von seinem Ur- Ur- Urenkel. (E. Pierson) Dresden 1885. Abgedruckt […]

“Ordinance” issued by Adolphus Fredrick (‘Adolf Friedrich’) III [Archduchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Present-day Germany]: “All [state] officers/administrators, […] in all cities […] including all citizens, shall henceforth permit no other and foreign Jew to be tolerated during and outside of the annual markets in the cities and on the countryside — except those [Jews who have […]

“Order” of Frederick William (‘Friedrich Wilhelm’) [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “By the grace of God, [We] Friedrich Wilhelm […] Since We have personally already graciously ordered […] that all Jews, who do not have a protection-patent (permit to settle) are no longer to be tolerated in Kaliningrad or in any of […]

“Inserted/Advertised Rescript” of Augustus II, the Strong [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “The old constitutions are to remain in effect [… and while the Jews Lehmann and Meyer may stay and pursue trade …] no Jew is to own property or land [the aforementioned Jews have agreed to content with renting their accommodations…]” Lehmann, Emil: Der […]

“Writ” of the State government (Chancellor and City Council) [Present-day Germany]: “A home-purchased by Jews as loan-carrier/borrower is against the state constitution, because even in the cases where a loan-carrier/borrower is legally permitted – such as for officers and women – they do not constitute ownership.” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der […]

“Decree” Johann Moritz v. Blaspil on behalf of Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “Since His Royal Majesty of Prussia […] has noticed with displeasure that a number of Jews have failed to pay the obligatory protection-fees in the past years […] and yet have enjoyed the protection and […]

“Order” of Augustus II, the Strong [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “[…] No other Jew except Lehmann and Meyer is to be permitted to settle in Saxony […] they shall [however] be able to still travel here to pursue business against the common custom-fees and […] taxes.” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater […]

“Rescript” issued by Augustus II, the Strong [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “Dear faithful! [Orders the City Council of Dresden again to allow his resident Lehmann and Meyer and their relatives to remain in Dresden …] but other than these, no other Jews is to be tolerated in Our residency-city […]” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident […]

“Announcement” issued by the [City] Council of Dresden [Present-day Germany]: “[…] locals are neither to accommodate the relatives of Lehmann or Meyer nor any other Jews, much less take them into their homes in exchange for rent, unless they have a permit-paper to show.” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde […]

“Renewal of Edict from August 28, 1703, regarding Jewish prayer” [Present-day Germany, Poland; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] His Royal Majesty of Prussia […] Our all-gracious Lord […] wishes that the previously issued edict regarding the Jewish prayer Aleinu leshabei’ach (‘Alenu laschabbeach’) is strictly adhered to [see Frederick’s decree from August 28, 1703, which prohibits Jews […]

“Order” issued by Augustus II, the Strong [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Saxony]: “[…] Aside from the resident Lehmann and the court-agent Meyer along with their relatives and domestic aids, no other Jew is to be permitted to remain in Our domain.” Lehmann, Emil: Der polnische Resident Berend Lehmann, der Stammvater der israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Dresden. Von […]

Curfew for Jews, issued by Charles IV, Archduke of Austria [Austria]: “Jews are not to leave their house before 10 a.m. on any Christian holidays or on Sundays, and violators shall be arrested and subjected to further punishment.” Urkunden und Akten zur Geschichte der Juden in Wien (1526-1847), Vol. I. A.F. Pribram. Vienna, 1918. p. 292. […]

“Ejusdem Order” issued [Frederick] Augustus III of Poland [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Poland etc.; Kingdom of Bohemia]: “We, Fredrick Augustus (‘Friedrich Augustus’), King of Polen, […] Duke of Saxony, [….] have decided, due to the perceived increase of the contagion-evil [outlines the manner in which people and merchandize that come across the borders are to be […]

“Ordinance” issued by Bohemian government [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, etc.; Kingdom of Bohemia]: “Jews are prohibited to go peddling during [the outbreak of] a contagious illness (‘tempore contagionis’) […]” Scari, von Hieronymus: Systematische Darstellung der in Betreff der Juden in Mähren und in k. k. Antheile Schlesiens Erlassene Gesetze und Verordnungen. (Brünn; 1835); Systematic Representation in […]

“Rescript” Prussian government [Present-day Germany, Poland, Lithuania; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] that the land/country is to be spared with the admittance of (more) Jews: of those Jewish children who were born here, only one of them is to be tolerated here, the others are to be expelled (removed out of the country) […] each household […]

“Ordinance” of Prince-Elector Maximilian II of Bavaria [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Bavaria]: “Jews shall take only 9 percent in interests; and regarding sums that are less than 30 Thaler, [they shall take] weekly no more than one penny per Thaler […] Jews may not publicly trade on Sundays and holy-days […] They may not live […]

“Resolution” (‘Resolutio’) issued by Johann Moritz v. Blaspil on behalf of Fredrick William I of Prussia [Present-day Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Russia; Kingdom of Prussia]: “[…] 2) The previously permitted private schools […] are to be completely abolished and except the newly built synagogue, no other Jewish school may be permitted, but rather, all local Jews are […]

“Patent” issued by the Farther-Pomeranian government [Present-day Poland]: “Jews from the Margraviate (‘Märckische Juden’), who do not have escort-letters for Pomerania as well as Jews on the countryside who cannot pay their protection-fee on time shall not be permitted to pass, but rather, when they are encountered to be peddling around in cities and villages […] […]

“Rescript No. XXXII” issued by King Frederick William I of Prussia [Prussia / Present-day Poland, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic]: “Rescript regulating that Jews are no longer to charge more than 10 percent in interest or to accept pawns from Christian subjects.” Mylius, Christian Otto: Des Corporis Constitutionum Marchicarum; Oder Königl. Preußis. Und Churfürstl. Brandenburgische in […]

“Ordinance” issued by the Government of Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg [Present-day Germany; Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg/Holy Roman Empire]: “[…] All idlers (‘Müssiggänger’), deliberate beggars, as well as other vagabonds and beggar-Jews who are currently present in our lands at the publication [of this ordinance], are warned that they should no longer found to be present here. […] violators […]

“Classification and Taxation of Jews” issued by the Bancalitäts-Institute* [Present-day Austria]: “[…] 1) [In the first classification are] all married Jews who live in Vienna, as well as those who are merchants of the Royal Court (‘Hoffactoren’)*, suppliers and businessmen (‘Regocianten’) and engaged in the exchange trade (‘Wechselgeschäfte machen’), if they want to be tolerated […]

“Royal High-Administrative Ordinance” (‘königl. Ober-Ambtliche Verordnung’) issued by Francis Louis* [Present-day Czech Republic, Germany, Poland; Duchies of Silesia]: “[…] We, Franz Ludwig […] order that it shall be free to anyone to denounce/report (‘denunciren’) Jews without toleration[-permits], who are in the country against current patents (in violation of current laws) […] and that the denouncer is […]

“Regulation” issued by the Cathedral-Chapter [Archbishopric of Bamberg; Present-day Germany]: “[…] Jews may trade with dehydrated fruit and hops […] however, at the time of purchase, they are to give the local/native citizens and traders the right of way [to purchase these items first…]” StadtA Bamberg B4 Nr. 48. Codex Decretorum I. Band 1598-1753, fol. […]